Unit5PlaybytherulesUnderstandingideas单词解析外研版英语八年级上册

八年级英语上册Unit5单词解析（Understandingideas部分）1.Throat(名词)喉咙、咽喉Eg:Thedoctorexaminedherthroatwithatonguedepressor.医生用压舌板检查了她的喉咙。【常见搭配】clearone’sthroat清喉咙Ramsth.downone’sthroat强迫某人接收某事Haveasorethroat嗓子疼Eg:Heclearedhisthroatbeforespeaking.他清了清嗓子才开始说话。Herammedhisopiniondownmythroat.他强迫我接受他的观点。Ihaveasorethroattoday.我今天嗓子疼。【即学即用】1.他清了清嗓子开始说话。He____________________beforespeaking.答案：clearedhisthroat2.Responsibility(名词)责任【用法讲解】responsibility常为可数名词，其复数形式为responsibilities；但responsibility在表示抽象责任概念，如道德、社会或法律层面的总体义务时为不可数名词。Eg:Herresponsibilitiesincludemanagingtheteamandoverseeingprojects.她的职责包括管理团队和监督项目。Successeswithgreatresponsibility.成功伴随重大责任。【常见搭配】takeresponsibility(...)...主动承担责任socialresponsibility社会责任Senseofresponsibility责任感Eg:Hetookresponsibilityforthemistake.他主动承担了错误的责任。paniesshouldhavesocialresponsibility.企业应有社会责任感。Sheshowsastrongsenseofresponsibility.她表现出强烈的责任感。【派生词】responsible为形容词，译为“有责任的、可靠的”。Eg:Parentsshouldberesponsiblefortheirchildren’sbehavior.父母应该对孩子的行为负责。【即学即用】1.Itistheteacher’s____________(responsible)toensurethatallstudentsunderstandthelesson.答案：responsibility3.Cause(名词)原因、起因【用法讲解】cause作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为causes，还可译为“原告、事业”；cause还可为动词，译为“引起、导致、使遭受“。Eg:Thecauseoftheaccidentisstillunknown.事故的原因仍然不明。Theplaintiffisthecauseinacivillawsuit.在民事诉讼中，原告是诉因方。Shedevotedherlifetothecauseofeducation.她把自己的一生奉献给了教育事业。Smokingcancausemanyhealthproblems.吸烟会导致许多健康问题。Thewarcausedgreatsufferingtothepeople.战争给人们带来了巨大的痛苦。【常见搭配】rootcause根本原因Maincause主要原因Causesb.sth.给某人带来某种影响Causesb.todosth.使某人做某事......causeof...为了...的目的Eg:Identifyingtherootcauseiscrucialforsolvingtheproblem.找出根本原因对解决问题至关重要。Pollutionisamajorcauseofclimatechange.污染是气候变化的主要原因。Thenewscausedhergreatjoy.这个消息让她非常高兴。Hisspeechcausedtheaudiencetoapplaud.他的演讲使观众鼓掌。Theyfoughtinthecauseoffreedom.他们为了自由的目的而战。【即学即用】1.Thec________ofthefirewasafaultyelectricalwire.答案：cause4.Belt(名词)腰带、皮带【用法讲解】belt为可数名词，其复数形式为belts；belt还可为动词，译为“用腰带系紧、猛击、快速移动”。Eg:Heworeablackleatherbeltwithhisjeans.他穿牛仔裤时配了一条黑色皮腰带。Shebeltedhercoattightlybeforegoingout.他出门前把外套腰带系紧。Theboxerbeltedhisopponentwithapowerfulpunch.拳击手一记击中对手。Thecarbelteddownthehighwayat120mph.汽车以120英里时速在高速公路上飞驰。【常见搭配】Seatbelt安全带Beltout高声歌唱Tightenone’sbelt节省开支Belowthebelt不公正手段Havesth.underone’sbelt已掌握/经历Eg:Alwayswearyourseatbeltwhiledriving.驾驶时务必系好安全带。Thesingerbeltedoutaclassicballad.歌手高唱经典情歌。Weneedtotightenourbeltsthismonth.这个月得勒紧裤腰带。Criticizingheragewasbelowthebelt.批评她得年龄有失公允。Shehasthreeyearsofteachingunderherbelt.她已有三年教学经验。【即学即用】1.为了您的安全，请系好安全带。Pleaseweara_____________foryoursafety.答案：seatbelt5.Station(名词)车站【用法讲解】station为可数名词，其复数形式为stations；station还可为动词，译为“驻扎、安置”。Eg:WhichstationshouldIgetoffforthemuseum?去博物馆该在哪一站下车？Soldierswerestationedatthebordertomaintainsecurity.士兵被派驻边境维护安全。Thepanystationeditsengineersindifferentcities.公司把工程师派驻到不同城市。【常见搭配】train/busstation火车/公交车站Radio/TVstation广播电台/电视台Policestation警察局...stationedin/at...被派驻于Eg:Thetrainstationiscrowdedduringrushhour.高峰时段火车站很拥挤。SheworksatalocalTVstation.她在当地电视台工作。Thepolicestationislocateddowntown.警察局位于市中心。HewasstationedinGermanyduringhisservice.他服役期间被派驻德国。【即学即用】1.I’llmeetyouatthetrains________tomorrow.答案：station6.Flowerpot(名词)花盆【用法讲解】flowerpot为可数名词，其复数形式为flowerpots。Eg:Theoldflowerpotinthecornerwasfullofsoilbutnoflowers.角落里那个旧花盆装满了土，但没有花。【即学即用】1.Thedesignerusedcolorful___________(flowerpot)tobrightenuptheroom.答案：flowerpots7.Pickup捡起【用法讲解】Pickup还可译为“搭乘、学会、购买、接电话、接收”等注意：当宾语为代词时，需位于二者之间。Eg:Pleasepickupyourtoys.请把你的玩具捡起来。I’llpickyouupat8:00.我将在8点接你。ShepickedupSpanishwhilelivinginMexico.她在墨西哥生活时学会了西班牙语。Ipickedupafewthingsatthestore.我在商店买了一些东西。I’llpickupthephone.我会接电话。Theradiocanpickupstationsfromallovertheworld.这台收音机能接收来自世界各地的电台。【即学即用】1.公共汽车在三站载送通勤者。Thebus______________mutersatthreestops.答案：picksup8.Mess(名词)脏乱、凌乱【用法讲解】mess还可为动词，译为“弄乱、干涉”。Eg:Theroomwasamessaftertheparty.聚会后，房间一片狼藉。Don’tmessupthedocumentsonmydesk.别把我桌子上的文件弄乱了。You’dbetternotmessintheaffairsofothers.你最好不要干涉他人的事情。【常见搭配】inamess处于混乱之中......messof...把...弄得一团糟Cleanupamess把东西清理干净Eg:Thelocaleconomyisnowinamess.当地的经济现在很混乱。Shemadeamessofthepresentationbyforgettinghernotes.她忘了带笔记，把演讲搞得一团糟。Ittookhourstocleanupthemessleftbythestorm.花了几个消失把风暴留下的狼藉收拾干净。【即学即用】1.不要把办公室弄得很乱。Don’tleavetheoffice__________________.答案：inamess9.Honesty(名词)诚实、正直、坦诚【用法讲解】honesty为不可数名词。Eg:Hishonestywonhimtherespectofhiscolleagues.他的诚实赢得了同事们的尊重。【常见搭配】Inallhonesty老实说Asenseofhonesty诚实感Eg:Inallhonesty,Idon’tthinkIcanfinishtheworkontime.老实说，我觉得我无法按时完成这项工作。Childrenshouldbetaughttohaveasenseofhonestyfromanearlyage.应该从小教育孩子要有诚实感。【派生词】honest为形容词，译为“诚实的”；dishonest为形容词，译为“不诚实的”。注意：honest中的h不发音，常与不定冠词an连用。Eg:Heisanhonestman.=Themanishonest.他是一个诚实的人。Hethinksyouaredishonest.他觉得你不够诚实。【即学即用】1.老实说，我认为这个计划行不通。____________________,Idon’tthinkthisplanwillwork.2.His_________(honest)isnotinquestion.答案：1.Inallhonesty2.honesty10.Spread(动词)传播【用法讲解】spread作动词还可译为“展开、涂”；spread还可作名词，译为“传播、蔓延”。Eg:Thenewsofhissuccessspreadquicklythroughthetown.他成功的消息很快在镇上传开了。Shespreadtheblanketonthegrassandlaydown.她把毯子铺在草地上，然后躺了下来。Hespreadsomebutteronthetoast.他在烤面包上涂了些黄油。Thespreadofthevirusisaseriousproblem.病毒的传播是一个严重的问题。【常见搭配】spreadoneselftoothin精力过度分散Eg:Managingthreestartupsspreadhimtoothin.同时经营三家初创公司让他分身乏术。【即学即用】1.Rumors(谣言)s________throughsocialmedia.答案：spread11.Law(名词)法则、法令【用法讲解】law为名词，译为“法律”；law在表示“法律、法学”时为不可数名词、在表示“法律条文”时为可数名词。Eg:Thenewlawhasreceivedtheroyalassent.新的法规已得到国王批准。Hestudieslaw.他研究法学。Doyouknowthelawsofthegame你知道这项比赛的规则吗？Anewlawonenvironmentalprotection一项新的环境保护法【常见搭配】bylaw依法、根据法律Breakthelaw违法Enforcethelaw执法Followthelaw遵守法律Theruleoflaw法治Eg:Thedecisionwasmadebylaw.这个决定是依法作出的。Hewasarrestedforbreakingthelaw.他因违法而被逮捕。Thepoliceareresponsibleforenforcingthelaw.警察负责执法。Wemustfollowthelawandbestrictinperformingourofficialduties.坚持依法行政、从严治政。Wepromotetheruleoflawandprotecthumandignity.我们倡导法治，保护人类尊严。【派生词】lawyer为可数名词，其复数形式为lawyers，译为“律师”。Eg:Agoodlawyercanalwaysfindaloophole.精明的律师总能找到漏洞。【常见搭配】actaslawyerforsb.给某人当律师Eg:PeteractsaslawyerforLily.皮特给莉莉当律师。【即学即用】1.Youneedtheservicesofagood_________(law).2.Thenew________(法律)hasreceivedroyalassent.答案：1.lawyer2.law12.Urgent(形容词)紧急的、急迫的【用法讲解】urgent在句中常作定语或表语。Eg:Thisisanurgentmatterthatrequiresimmediateattention.这是紧急事项，需立即处理。Thesituationisurgentandrequiresswiftaction.情况紧急，需迅速采取行动。that......isurgentthat......是紧急的Urgentrequest紧急请求......about...对...感到紧急Eg:Itisurgentthathe(should)contacttheofficeimmediately.他必须立即联系办公室，情况紧急。Shemadeanurgentrequestfo