阅读理解-主旨大意题-高考英语二轮总复习讲义

专题三阅读理解

——主旨大意题

【题型把握】

阅读理解旨在考查考生理解不同题材和体裁的书面材料以及从中获取信息的能力。要求

考生能读懂有关日常生活的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报纸、杂志中关于

一般性话题的简短文段。要求考生能够理解主旨要义;理解文中具体信息;根据上下文推断单词

和短语的含义;做出判断和推理;理解文章的基本结构;理解作者的意图、观点和态度。细节理

解题大都比较容易，只需要认真阅读题目，细心比对原文就能解答正确。对于这种题目，要

认真解题，尽量不丢分。本讲义着重讲解主旨大意题的解题技巧。

【考纲解读及命题趋势】

1.主旨大意题考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下,

对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。

2.主旨大意题分为标题类和主题类。

⑴标题类，要求考牛选出文章的最佳标题：

⑵主题类，考查文章或段落的主旨大意。

主旨大意题主要考查形式有三种：文章大意类、段落大意类及标题归纳类。主旨大意题在近

三年全国卷中每套题均有涉及，虽然比重不大，但是难度较高，是大部分学生容易失分的

题目类型，应给予足够的重视，争取阅读得满分。

【解题技巧】

1.首先找出文章的主题句，然后根据文章主题句确定文章大意。

2.如果没有主题句再寻找全文重复性强的关键词或者概括全文。

3.解题时我们可以利用逆转思维，即如果我们作为作者按这个大意或标题写这一篇文章或这

一段文章该写哪方面内容，然后对比原文和选项，从而做出正确的判断。

【知识清单】

一.命题方式

主旨大意题主要考查考生对所读材料(或所读材料片段)中心思想或标题的概括。做这类题时，考生应

通读全文，把握文章大意或中心思想，同时注意文章的主题句，因为主题句表达了文章的中心思想，而其

他句子均围绕主题句展开。主题句通常位于文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句处，但有时也位于段

落中间(通常是第一段或最后一段的中间)。主旨大意题的考查形式有很多，如概括标题、主题、段意、中

心思想等。常见的设问方式有：

Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

Whatisthe…paragraphmainlyabout?

Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

Whatmaybethebesttitleforihctext?

Whatcanbeasuitabletitlefor(hetext?

二.选项特征

正确选项特征

1、涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。

2、范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。

3、精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。

干扰选项特征

1、以偏概全

2、主题过大

3、断章取义

4、无中生有

三,常用解题方法

技巧1速读文章，明确主题

速读文章，抓住文章主题句或关键词。考生应抓住反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫主题词。

(1)主题句的特征

①首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后面的内容往往体现文章主旨：

②作者有意识地反复陈述的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词或短语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词；

③段落中出现表转折的词或短语(如however,but,otherwise,though等)时，该词或短语后的句子很可能

是主题句。

(2)寻找主题句

①主题句在段首

主题句在段首的文章结构是先点明主题，然后围绕这一主题进行分析，用演绎法阐述观点,在议论文、

科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种方式。

②主题句在段中

当主题句被安排在段落中间时，通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引

申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、论证或展开。

③主题句在段尾

主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据，层层推理论证，最后得出结论，即段落的主题。

［全国12020D1

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshave

foundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthe

cityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplaces

weredecoratedwithhouseplants.

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B.Abigfallincrimerales.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.

D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

【答案】D

【详解】根据第-一段中的positiveeffects及所举的两个例乎（绿化多的区域犯罪率低以及绿植多的办公区域

员工的工作效率更高）可知，本段主要介绍的是绿色植物给人们带来的益处。故选D项。

技巧2瞻首顾尾，定位中心句

每一段的第一句、第二句和最后一句成为该段主题句的概率往往最大。将首段的中心句与各段第一句

串关在一起，常常可以得出文章的中心思想。

此外，文章的逻辑结构也有助于定位中心句。常见的结构有按时间顺序组织的结构或“分述一总说”

结构。按时间先后顺序说明某一件事或某一理论的发展过程的文章，主题句通常在首段或末段；采用“分

述——总说”结构的文章，前几段分述，末段总结，这类文章主题句常在末段。

［全国II202OB］

Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelp（heirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelp

childrenwithmath-relatedskills.

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesalhomeand

foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat

54monthsofage.

ThefindingswerepublishedirthejournalDevelopmentalScience.

27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Amathematicalmethod.

B.Ascientificstudy.

C.Awomanpsychologist.

D.Ateachingprogram.

【答案】B

【详解】本文主要围绕一项研究展开说明，具体介绍了它的研究对象、研究方法及研究发现，最后还提到

A.Smartpigs:goodplayersB.Flexiblenoses:fungames

C.Oralmands:piglearnersD.Pigplayers:learningpotential

【答案】

1.D

【分析】

本文为一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，猪可以通过自己的鼻子来使用操纵杆完成一些游戏，并且能够意

识到光标是跟随自己移动操纵杆而移动，这个研究是一个巨大的突破，让我们更有可能了解猪是如何与我

们和环境互动的。

1.主旨大意题。纵观全文，尤其是第一段的第一句"Timetoloadupsonicpopulargames:newresearchindicates

pigspossessthementalcapabilitytoplayvideogames.（是时候去玩一些流行的游戏了：新的研究表明猪拥有

玩电子游戏的心理能力）”；倒数第二段"Thesefindingsarethelatesttohighlighttheintelligenceofpigs.Not

onlyhavetheybeenshowntousemirrorstofindhiddenfood,butstudieshavealsodemonstratedhowpigscanbe

taughtto，e'and*sifafteroralmands.（这些发现是强调猪的智力的最新发现。研究不仅展示了它们使用镜子

来寻找隐藏的食物，而且还展示了如何教会猪在听到口头指令后‘过来'和'坐下）”，以及最后一段最后一

句"Wethereforehaveamoraldutytounderstandhowpigsacquireinformation,andwhattheyarecapableof

learningandremembering,becauseitultimatelyoffersthepotentialforhowtheyunderstandtheirinteractionswith

usandtheirenvironments.（［±|jlL我们有道德责任去了解猪是如何获取信息的，以及它们有能力学习和记忆

什么，因为这最终为它们如何理解与我们和环境的互动提供了可能）“可知，作者阐述会打电子游戏的猪，

反映了动物们猪是可以接受人类对它们更好的训练并有所互动的，它们有着学习潜能，所以D项“Pigplayers:

learningpotential（做游戏的猪：有学习潜能）“适合做文章的标题,故选D项。

B

Videoconferencinghasbeenaroundformorethan20years.UntiltheCOVID19pandemic,though,you

wouldfindthatmanypeopleneedingtoattendameetingremotelywouldbecallingfromarealconferenceroom

fulloftheirteammates.Today,we'reroutinelyholdingvideoconferencesthatare100%virtual.And:hisis

creatingaproblemthattechnologycan'tfix.

Theproblemisus,specificallythefactthatwehaven'tevolvedsociallytothepointwherewecanbearmuch

separation.Somuchofourwellbeingandworkproductivityisdecidedonhowclosewearephysically.The

removalofthatforanyperiodoftimecanbeseverelydamaging.Onesurprisingvictimofsocialdistancingis

laughter.

NormallypeoplelaughaboutIXtimesperday.And97%ofthattimewe'relaughingwithothers—weare

30timesmorelikelytolaughwithothersthantolaughalone.Thinkaboutit:howoftenwhenyouandyour

friendslaughatsomethingthatisactuallyfunny?Researchshowsthat80%ofwhatpeoplelaughatisreallynot

thatfunny.

Sowhydopeoplelaugh?Theylaughinordertolaughwithothers.Justaseveryonestartsyawningwhenjust

onepersonyawns,mostpeoplecan'thelpbutlaughwhenthosearoundthemdo.ThisiswhyTVedyshowsoften

useprerecordedlaughtracks.

Laughinginresponsetootherpeople'slaughingisnotjustabehavioralphenomenon.Whenwelaugh,our

bodyproducestwokeychemicals:endorphinwhichhelpsrelievepainandsetsofffeelingsofpleasure,and

dopaminewhichcanimprovelearning,inotivationandatieniion.Infact,studiesshowthatpeoplecanstand15%

merepainsimplybylaughingforafewminutesbeforehand.Laughterisalsoassociatedwithhigherinotivation

andproductivityatwork.

Intoday'shomcalonc,virtualtcamworld,thisisexactlywhatyouasateamleadershouldbedoing:fbryour

teammemberstostayhealthyandproductive,youneedtogetthemIolaughmoreandstressless.

I.WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Themotivationbehindlaughter.B.Thechemicalsregardinglaughter.

C.Themechanismoflaughter.D.Thesignificanceoflaughter.

【答案】

1.D；

【分析】

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了笑的重要性。

I.主旨大意题。根据第五段的“Whenwelaugh,ourbodyproducestwokeychemicals:endorphinwhichhelps

relievepainandsetsofffeelingsofpleasure,anddopaminewhichcanimprovelearning,motivationandattention.

Infact,studiesshowthatpeoplecanstand15%morepainsimplybylaughingforafewminutesbeforehand.

Laughterisalsoassociatedwithhighermotivationandproductivityatwork.（当我们笑的时候，我们的身体会产

生两种关键的化学物质：内啡肽，它可以帮助缓解疼痛并引发愉悦感，还有多巴胺，它可以提高学习能力、

动力和注意力。事实上，研究表明，仅仅提前几分钟笑一下，人们就能多忍受15%）”可知，本段主要介绍

是笑声的重要性。故选D。

C

Anewtypeofplasticmadedirectlyfromorganicplantwastehasbeencreatedbyscientists.Thenew

materialiseasytomakeandcouldbeusedineverythingfrompackagingandtextiles（纺织品）tomedicineand

electronics.

TheresearchersinSwitzerlandhavealreadyusedthetechniquetomakepackagingfilms,fibresthatcanbe

usedforclothesorothertextilesandthreadsfor3Dprinting.

Conventionalplasticissowidespreadbecausemakingitbineslowcost,heatstability,mechanicalstrength

andprocessability,（heresearcherssay.Untilnow,few,ifany,alternativeplasticshavemanagedtomatchor

surpassconventionalplasticintheseaspects,whichisvitaliftheyare（obeusedmorewidely.

Tomaketheplastic,scientists,tcooked,,woodandotherplantwasteininexpensivechemicalstomakea

plasticprecursor（前身）.Thesugarstructurestayspletewithinthemolecular（分子）structureoftheplastic,

makingthechemistrymuchcheaperthanothertypesofalternativeplastic.

Baekin2016,theresearchersfoundoutthatif（heyaddedanaldehyde（乙醛）chemicaltheycouldstabilize

partsoftheplantmaterialtoavoidtheirdestructionduringextraction.Butnow,theyareusingglyoxylicacid,a

solidorganicsubstancethatoccursnaturallyandisusedinindustry.Theteamcouldsimplyfasten“sticky”groups

ontobothsidesofthesugarmolecules,whichallowedthemtoactasplasticbuildingblocks.Usingthissimple

technique,theycouldturnuptoaquarteroftheweightofagriculturalwaste,or95percentofpurifiedsugarinto

plastic.

“Theplastichasveryexcitingproperties,notablyfbrapplicationslikefoodpackaging?'ProfessorJeremy

LautenbacherfromtheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnology,whocreatedtheplastic,said.4*Whatmakesthe

plasticuniqueisthepresenceofthepletesugarstructure.Thismakesitincrediblyeasytomakebecauseyoudon't

havetochangewhatnaturegivesyou,anditissimpletobreakdownbecauseitcangobacktoamoleculethatis

alreadyplentifulinnature.^^；

I.What'sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

A.Thenewtypeofplasticcontainssugarstructure.

B.Thenewtypeofplasticiseasytomake.

C.Thenewtypeofplasticissimpletobreakdown.

D.Thenewtypeofplastichassplendidfeatures.；

【答案】

1.D

【详解】

这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们发明了一种直接由有机植物废物制成的新型塑料。这种新材料易于

制造，可用于包装、纺织品、医药和电子产品等各个领域；

I.主旨大意题。根据最后一段中"Theplastichasveryexcitingproperties,notablyfbrapplicationslikefood

packaging”（这种塑料具有非常令人兴奋的特性，特别是在食品包装等应用中）和“Whatmakestheplastic

uniqueisthepresenceofthepletesugarstructure.Thismakesitincrediblyeasytomakebecauseyoudon'thave

tochangewhatnaturegivesyou,anditissimpletobreakdownbecauseitcangobacktoamoleculethatis

alreadyplentifulinnature."“（这种塑料的独特之处在于它具有完整的糖结构。这使得它的制作非常容易，

因为你不需要改变大自然给你的东西，而且它很容易分解，因为它可以回到自然界中已经丰富的分子中。）

可知，最后一段主要讲的是这种新型塑料有很好的特点。故选D项；

D

AwomaninYunnanhasbeenleadinganeffortover（hepastdecadetohelpchildrenontheautisnn（自闭

症jspectrum,LiYingxuereports.SinceshefoundedLookatMe,achildren'sdevelopmentcenterinKunming,

Yunnanprovince,in2010,ShaJingmei,38,hasfocusedhereffortsonhelpingkidson(heautismspectrum.

Childrenwithautismarelike“peopleinsideabottlewhocanclearlyseetheworldoutside,butcan'tgetout

ofthebottletomunicatewithothers,shesays,addingthatinorder:ohelpthechildren,peopleshouldtryto

understandthemfirst."Childrenwithautismwillnotbehavethesamewayasotherchildren.Whenmeetingthem

onthestreet,pleasedon'tlookatthemwithadiscriminatorylook.Sometimestheyjustneedakindlookwhich

canmakethemlesspsychologicallytenseandstrcssfi.il/'Shasays.

MaShiyan,28,directorofLockatMe,remembersthetimeshejoinedSha'steam4yearsagoandwasata

losswhenaboygotemotional.Shacameandeasilysmoothedtheboy'semotions.MahaslearnedalotfromSha

andistouchedbyherpositiveenergywhetherdealingwithchildrenorthedifficultieswhenrunningthetraining

center/'Shaknowstheconditionofeachchildatourcenter,andwhenwediscussonechild'scase,shecanoften

associateitwithanotherkid'scase,"Masays.

WhennamingthetrainingcenterLooka(Me12yearsago,Shasaysshehopessocietywouldpaymore

attentiontochildrenon(heautismspectrum.Now,shehasfurthered(hegoaltohelpthechildrentakecareof

(hemselves,aswellashavejobstosustain.Someoftheolderchildrenfromthecenterhavefoundjobsinalocal

coffeepanyoratabar.Inthefuture,Shaaimstofindmorejobsforsuchchildren.

Workinginspecialeducationmeansdealingwithdifferentchailonges,andthismakesShafeelsheis

alive."Youarcthinkingofhowtosolvedifferentproblemseachday/shcsays.；

1.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?

A.ShaJingmcihasconcentratedallhereffortstohelpchildrenwithautism.

B.AwomancalledShaJingmeifoundedLookatMetohelpthoseinneed.

C.ShaJingmeiappealstothewholesocietytofocusonchildren.

D.Childrenwithautismneedtobecaredforbythewholesociety.

【答案】

1.A

【详解】

本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了沙静梅一直致力于帮助自闭症儿童的故事；

知，LookatMe培训中心主要是为自闭症儿童培养融入社会的能力。故选D项；

1.主旨大意题。根据第一段中“AwomaninYunnanhasbeenleadinganeffortoverthepastdecadetohelp

childrenon(heautismspectrum,LiYingxuereports.SinceshefoundedLookatMe,achildren'sdevelopment

cenlerinKunming,Yunnanprovince,in2010.ShaJingmei,38,hasfocusedhereffortsonhelpingkidsonthe

aulismspecirum.(据李映雪报道，在过去的1年里，云南的一名妇女一直在努力帮助自闭症儿童。38岁的

沙静梅2010年在云南省昆明市创办了LookatMe儿童发展中心，此后她一直致力于帮助自闭症儿童）”再

根据后文，.主要讲述了沙静梅的努力和LookatMe儿童发展中心的成就以及最后一段“Workinginspecial

educationmeansdealingwithdifferentchallenges,andthismakesShafeelsheisalive."Youarethinkingofhow

cosolvedifferentproblemseachday,“shesays.（在特殊教育领域工作意味着要应对不同的挑战，这让沙觉得自

己还活着。“你每天都在思考如何解决不同的问题，”她说.）“可知，本文主要讲述了沙静梅集中她所有的

精力帮助自闭症儿童的故事。故选A项。

E

FromtheconcerthallsofEuropetothetechindustriesoftheUnitedStates,C.J.Santoshascreatedastory

acrosstheglobe.

BominBrazil,SantosmovedtoSwitzerlandaltheageofi8,andearneddegreesinbothmusicperformance

andbusinessadministrationthere.Duringhisnext10yearsof“inlense”careerasaprofessionalmusician,he

spentmostofhistimeontheroad."IhadthehonortoperforminthetopconcerthallsinEurope,“Santossaid."Il

reallyworemeouttobeconstantlytravelingandperforming,butitallowedmetosectheworldandunderstandit

initsfulldiversity.Thiswasauniqueexperience,andIcarryitsbenefitswithmetothisday”

Throughtheseexperiences,Santoswasabletobccfluentinsixlanguages.Withtheseskillsunderhisbelt,

Santosworkedwithhiswife,whoisalsofluentinfourlanguages,todevelopasmalltranslationbusiness.

“Runningitwithnopriorbusinessexperiencewasachallengingbutexcitingleamingbydoing

experience,44Santossaid."Inaddition,thetranslationindustryexperiencedamassivedigitaltransformationinthe

lastdecade.”

MBA/M.S.ughtSantostoanMBA/M.S.programinbusinessanalyticsandinformationmanagement,where

hegotrichexperience,knowledgeandperspectivesindifferentindustries.Theprogramprovidedhimwith

somethingheclearlyenjoysinlife:variety“Ithelpedmetakethemostadvantageofthetranslationindustry's

digitaltransformation.WhatIgainedfromtheprogramismorethanwhatImanagedinthe15yearsinEurope/'

headded.

AsSantoscontinuestogrowhisbusiness,he'salsoworkingasanadvisor.tkThcworld'sdigital

transformationhasadvancedathighspeed,''hesaid."Tome,it'sveryexcitingtobeavaluableresourcetothose

whoneedhelptojumponboardthedigitalexpress.”：

1.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.ThegreatvarietySantosenjoysinlife.

B.Theapplicationofdigitaltransformation.

C.ThebenefitsSantosgotfromtheprogram.

D.Santos'sviewpointontranslationindustry.；

【答案】

I.C

【详解】

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了C.J.Santos从欧洲的音乐厅到美国的科技产业的经历；

1.主旨大意题。根据第五段“MBA/M.S.ughtSantostoanMBA/M.S.programinbusinessanalyticsand

informationmanagement,wherehegotrichexperience,knowledgeandperspectivesindifferentindustries.The

programprovidedhimwithsomethingheclearlyenjoysinlife:variety.4ithelpedmetakethemostadvantageof

thetranslationindustry'sdigitaltransformation.WhatIgainedfromtheprogramismorethanwhatImanagedin

the15yearsinEurope,headded.（这使桑托斯获得J‘商业分析和信息管理的MBA/M.S.项R,在那里他获得

了丰富的经验，知识和不同行业的观点。这个项FI为他提供了他在生活中显然很享受的东西：多样性。”它

帮助我充分利用了翻译行业的数字化转型。我从这个项目中获得的东西比我在欧洲15年所管理的还要

多，”户可知，本段主要介绍桑托斯从这个项目中得到的好处。故选C；

F

ResearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbarahavedesignedaonefootdevicethatcanjump

morethan30metersintheair,threetimesthecurrentrecordforajumpingrobot.

“Themotivationcamefromascientificquestion,theleadauthorElliotW.Hawkers,amechanicalengineer

atUCSantaBarbara,saysinastatement.kvWewantedtounderstandwhatthelimitswereonengineeredjumpers.M

“Manymechanicaljumpingsystemsarebasedonbiologicaljumpers—orthoseintheanimalkingdom,but

animalshavelimitstotheirjumpingabilitybasedonhowmuchenergytheycanproduceinastroke（4攵缩）of

theirmuscle,CharlesXiao,aresearcherinHawkes'lab,saysinthestatement.

Researchersinthisstudytookadifferentapproach,usingamotortotakemultiplestrokesandincreaseihe

amountofstoredenergyin（hespring.Thesmallmotorwindsupalinethatpressesthespring,whichismadeof

carbonfiberpressionbows（压缩弓）andrubberbands.Whenareleasemechanismisunlocked,thedevice

launchesintotheair.

Becausethestoredenergyisgreater,thisdevice'sspringtomotorratio（比率）isalsolargerthanwhat,sseen

intheanimalkingdombyabout100times.Thedeviceislightweightandaerodynamic,whichallowsittojump

theheightofalOstorybuildingandincreaseitsspeedfromzeroto60mphinninemeterspersecond.

WhilethiskindofdevicecouldbeusedtonavigatedifficultlandsontheEarth,researcherssayitcouldreach

heightsevengreateronthemoon,wheregravityisweaker.

“OntheEarthjumpingrobotscouldovereobstaclespreviouslyonlynavigatedbyflyingrobotswhile

collectingvisionbaseddataofthegroundbelow,“writetheauthors.Onthemoon,thejumpsofthepresented

jumperwouldbeevenhigher:125metershighwhilecoveringhalfakilometerinasinglebound.；

I.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?

A.Howthedeviceworks.

B.Whoisinfavoroftheidea.

C.Whenthemechanismisunlocked.

D.Whatcauses（hedevicetojumphigh.；

【答案】

1.A

【详解】

本文是一篇说明文。一款新研发的机器人装置可以跳超过30米高，在月球上可跳至125米高，可用于帮

助人类进行月球勘测；

I.主旨大意题。根据第四段第一句"Researchersinthisstudytookadifferentapproach,usingamotortolake

multiplestrokesandincreasetheamountofstoredenergyinthespring.（研究人员采用了一种不同的方法，使用

发动机进行重复冲程来增大弹簧里存储的能量）”以及最后一句"Whenareleasemechanismisunlocked,the

devicelaunchesintotheair.（当释放机制打开，设备就会弹射到空中）“可知，第四段主要介绍该装置的运作过

程,故选A；

【高考真题】

A

[全国甲2022B]

Goffin'scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilar

shapc-rccognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-ycar-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshave

provedskilfulattoolusewhilekepiinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwith

anutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftlieboxhada“keyhole”inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfive

differentlyshaped“keys"tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect"key"wouldletoutthenut.

Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillbeanother

yearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical（对称的）shapes.Thisabilitytorecognizethata

shapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitiscalledan"allocentricframeofreference,\In

theexperiment,Goffin'scockatooswereabletoselecttherightcoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisual

recognitionalone.Where（rial-and-errorwasused,thecockatooscidbetterthanmonkeysinsimilartests.This

indicatesthatGoffin'scockatoosdoindeedpossessanalloceniricframeofreferencewhenmovingobjectsin

space,similartotwo-year-oldbabies.

Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyon

visualclues（线索），oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.

I.Whichcanbeasuitabletitlefbrthetext?

A.Cockatoos:QuickErrorCheckers

B.Cockatoos:IndependentLearners

C.Cockatoos:CleverSignal-Readers

D.Cockatoos:SkilfulShape-Sorters

【答案】

1.D

【详解】

本文主要介绍了一项研究发现，即凤头鹦鹉具有与两岁儿童相似的形状识别能力。

1.D主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是第一段第一句Goffin'scockatoos...havesimilarshapc-rccognitionabilities

toahumantwo-year-old.可知，本文主要介绍了研究人员通过实验发现风头鹦鹉具有与两岁儿童相似的形状

识别能力。由此可知，D项（凤头鹦鹉：熟练的形状分类者）最适合作本文标题。故选D项。

B

[全国新高考I2021.C]

WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithan

astonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.

Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartof

theseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl（水禽）werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverly

ambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousethecvcr-incrcasingpopulations,

greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat（栖息地）.

In1934,with（hepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct（Act）,anincreasinglyconcernednation

lookfirmactiontoslop（hedestructionofmigratory（迁徙的）waterfowlandthewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.

UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuck

Stamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStampwasdesignedbyJ.N.“Ding"Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDes

Moines,Iowa,whoatthattimewasappointedbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauof

BiologicalSurvey.Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournaturalresources.

About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBirdConservationFundto

purchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusionintotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem—afactthatensures

thislandwillbeprotectedandavailableforallgenerationstoe.Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshas

goneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStamp

Programhasbeencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.

I.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TheFederalDuckStampStory

B.TheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem

C.TheBenefitsofSavingWaterfowl

D.TheHistoryofMigratoryBirdHunting

【答案】

1.A

【详解】

由于大量探险家和定居者的到来，北美水禽被大量捕杀，且其栖息地遭到严重破坏，为此政用于1934年

通过法案以防止对野生动物和湿地的破坏，并取得明显成效。

1.A主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了北美水禽等野生动物遭遇猎杀及其栖息地被破坏后，

政府通过一项法案以防止破坏的持续发生，并取得了明显成效。文章第二、三段介绍了联邦鸭票的起源、

具体做法及成效，尤其是文章第三段最后一句起到点题的作用。故A项（联邦鸭票的故事）适合作为本文标

题，

C

[全国新高考I2021D]

Popularizationhasinsoniccaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional（情感的）intelligence.Many

peoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannot

bemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand“people

skills.^^Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthem

movefarbeyondski11-basedemotionalintelligence.

Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskills（hatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbad

purposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbestto

helpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnot

necessarilymakeoneamoralperson.

Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonably

support,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectof

thispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis（重视）onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothers

interestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublic

andresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.

Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattention

willexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatiningdecades,

advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives（视角）fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.

Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.

1.Whatdocsthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?

A.Itsappealtothepublic.

B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.

C.Itspracticalapplication.

D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.

【答案】

1.B

【详解】

本文主要介绍了大众在某些情况下曲解了“情商”这一概念的原本含义，很多人误认为情商是无法用智商测

试衡量的所有优良品质，而研究表明，般炼情感技能有可能促成一些优良品质，但大部分优良品质的修成

远不止如此。

1.B主旨大意题。通读最后一段并根据最后一段中的wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterest

inthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion和Itisourhopethatining...可知，最后一段主要阐述了对于

未来有关情商的研究的期待。

D

[全国乙2021・C]

You'veheardthatplasticispolluting(heoceans—between4.8and12.7million(onnesenterocean

ecosystemseveryyea