2025-2026学年高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解说明文（解析版）

专题18阅读理解说明文

1.（24-25高三上•山西•期末）Peopleneedtrees.Aworldwithoutdifferenttrees,aworlddevoidofawide

rangeoftreeswouldbemuchthepoorer.Werelyontrees,ofcourse,toabsorbandstorecarbondioxide.They

provideuswithfood,fuel,medicineandconstructionmaterials.Theyshelterusfromstorms;theyreducesoil

erosion（流失）.

Therearcalmost58,500treespeciesintheworld,arichnessfewofuscantrulycomprehend.Butashocking

newinternationalstudyhaswarnedthatbetweenathirdandhalfofthoseareatriskofextinctioninthewild

posingariskofwiderecosystemcollapse.ThecomprehensivereportbybotanicGardensConservation

International,foundthattwiceasmanytreespeciesarcthreatenedasmammals,birdsandreptiles（爬行动

物）combined.

Morethan440havefewerthan50individualsleftinnaturalenvironments.Worse,evenabundanttreesthat

sur/iveinmanycasesaregreatlyreduced.InBrazil,wherearoundoneinfivetreespeciesareatrisk,deforestation

intheAmazonhashitthehighestannuallevelinadecade.

Thechiefreasonfortreelossisthedestructionofhabitatbyfanning,raisinganimalsandlogging.Global

healinganditsconsequences,fromextremeweather（orisingsealevels,areincreasinglycausingdamage.Tropical

islandstatesareparticularlyaffected,buttheproblemslieclosertohome（oo.Just30Menaiwhilebeamsremainin

norhWales,theonlyplaceonEarthwheretheyarefound.

Protectingsuchhabitatsmustbethepriority.Onestudysuggeststhatglobaltreecoverhasactiudlyincreased

overrecentdecades,but420millionhectaresofforestwerelostbetween1990and2020.Howeverimportant

tree-plantingplansmaybe,newplantationsarcnosubstituteforcomplexandbiodiverseenvironmentsthathave

evolvedovercenturies.

Whereforestshavebeenerased,naturalregenerationisoftenbest.Failing（hat,plantingavarietyofspecies

isbetterthansimplyrelyingonafewfast-growingkindsofsaplings（树苗）.Onlybyworkingwithcommunities

canprotectionbesustainable.Preseningseedsinthehopethatspeciescanbebroughtback（olifeisnecessarytoo.

Butitisalastresort.Aseedbankcannotreplacetherichlifeofaforest.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"devoid“inParagraph1probablymean?

A.Short.B.Full.C.Fond.D.Proud.

2.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?

A.Thereisnoneedtoworryabouttreeloss.

B.Thenumberoftreespeciesisthelargest.

C.Alargenumberoftreesareatriskofextinction.

D.Protectingtreesismoreimportantthanprotectinganimals.

3.Whatisthem<yorcauseoftreeloss?

A.Globalheating.B.Risingsealevels.

C.Extremeweather.D.Thedestructionofhabitat.

4.Whatisthebestwaytosaveanerasedforest?

A.Plantingalewfast-growingkindsoftrees.

B.Regeneratingforestsnaturally.

C.Buildingbiodiverseenvironments.

D.Preservingseedsandestablishingaseedbank.

【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了树木对人类的重要性、全球树木种类面临的灭绝风险、导致

树木减少的主要原因以及保护树木和森林生态的建议和措施。

1.词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“Aworldwithoutdiflerenttrees,aworlddevoidofawiderangeoftrees

wouldbemuchthepoorer.（一个没有多样化树木的世界，一个...丰富树种的世界将变得贫瘠不堪。）”中

“withoutdifferenttrees"和"aworlddevoidofawiderangeoftrees**是并列关系,说明“devoidofawiderangeof

trees”和“withoutdifferenttrees”意思相近,也就是说划线单词和“缺少”意思相似。选项A“short”,意为“缺乏”,

与此相符。故选A,

2.韭理判断题。根据文章第二段“Butashockingnewinternationalstudyhaswarnedthatbetweenathirdandhalf

ofthoseareatriskofextinctioninthewild—posingariskofwiderecosystemcollapse.Thecomprehensivereport

bybotanicGardensConservationInternational,foundthattwiceasmanytreespeciesarethreatenedasmammals,

birdsandreptiles（爬行动物）combined.（但一项令人震惊的新国际研究警告称，其中三分之一到半数的树种正

面临野外灭绝风险——这可能引发更广泛的生态系统崩溃。国际植物园保护联盟的全面报告指出，受威胁

的树种数量是哺乳动物、鸟类和爬行动物总和的两倍。）“可知，三分之一到半数的树种面临野外灭绝风险，

且受威胁的树种数量是哺乳动物、鸟类和爬行动物总和的两倍，所以可以推断出有大量的树木面临灭绝的

危险。故选C。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Thechiefreasonfortreelossisthedesiructionofhabitalbyfarming,raising

animalsandloggings树木消失的主要原因是农业扩张、畜牧业发展和伐木活动导致的栖息地破坏。广可知，

树木减少的主要原因是农业、畜牧业和伐木对栖息地的破坏。故选D。

4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Whereforestshavebeenerased,naturalregenerationisoftenbest.（在森林被

砍伐的地区，自然再生往往是最佳选择。户可知，在森林被砍伐的地方，自然再生往往是最好的。故选B。

2.（24-25高三上•湖北武汉•期末）InagrasslandinCambridge,Ont.,alowhumfillstheair.It'sawarm

springdayandeasternbumblebee（大黄蜂）queensarebusywithpollination（授粉）.Buttakeacloserlookand

you'llnoticesomeofthemarewearing...backpacks?

Thesebackpacksareactuallyatoolusedbypost-doctoralfellowAmandaLiczneroftheUniversityof

Guelphtolearnmoreaboutthebees'movement,behaviourandhabitatchoices.InsteadofGPSco.larsnormally

usedfbrtrackinglargerspecies,Liczncr'steamattachedtinytrackerstothequeens'backs.Onceattached,these

tinytrackerstransmitradiosignalstoacollectionof44radiotowerswhichprocessthesignalstorecordprecise

whereabouts.Licznercanthendownloadthedatafromthetowerstofigureouthowthebeesarespendingtheir

time.

Whilewedoknowbumblebeesneedflowers,asLicznerwilltellyou,there'salotwestilldon'tknowabout

bumblebees,especiallyabouthowpesticides（杀虫剂）affectbees'movement.Thislackofinibnnation,says

Liczner,makesittrickytoprovidespecificconservationreconiincndations.

Sofar,theteamhasmadesonicinterestingdiscoveries.Inexperimentsfocusedonhowdifferentpesticides

affectbeemovement,thescientistslearnedthatwhileusingnewerclassesofpesticidesmaynotkillbumblebees,

“wehavefoundthatthey'reflyinginsignificantlyoddways,“saysLiczner.Forexample,pesticide-treated

late-seasonqueens,whichwouldusuallyberestingandbuildingupenergyreservesforthewinter,weremoving

“allovertheplace,“potentiallyburningupthefatstorestheyneedtosurx'ivethewinter.

What'smore,30%offlightsareatnight.That“blowseveryone,smind,''saysLiczner.uAndit'satalltimes

ofnight!”Thisisimportantandpotentiallyperturbinginformation,shesays,becausesomeregulationsallow

farmerstousepesticidesbetweenduskanddawn,whenbeeswerepreviouslythoughttobeinactive.

Thislatesummer,Licznerandherteamwereabletofollowthebackpackedqueenstothespotswherethey

dugintothegroundtospendthewinter.Whenthequeensemerge,unfolding（heirwingsinthespringsunshine,

Licznerhopestobetheretolearnmorefrom（hisunderstudiedspecies.

5.Whatisthefunctionof“backpacks"onbumblebeequeens?

A.Tofilmbees'habitats.B.Torevealbees5locations.

C.ToattachGPScollarstobees.D.Toreceivesignalsfromtowers.

6.Howdopesticidesimpactbumblebees?

A.Theydisruptbees'flightpatterns.B.Theydecreasebees'nightactivity.

C.Theyconfusebees5perceptionofseasons.D.Theylimitbees,energystoragefbrwinter.

7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perturbing“inparagraph5mean?

A.Confusing.B.Exciting.C.Alarming.D.Comforting.

8.WhatmightLiczncr'sstudyhelpinthefiiturc?

A.Developeffectivepesticides.B.Discoverunexploredspecies.

C.Promoteagriculturalpolicies.D.Conducttailoredpreservation.

【答案】5.B6.A7.C8.D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究人员通过给大黄蜂安装微型追踪器来研究蜜蜂的行为模式

以及杀虫剂所带来的影响。

5.细节理解题。根据第二段“Onceattached,thesetinytrackerstransmitradiosignalstoacollectionof44radio

towerswhichprocessthesignalstorecordprecisewhcrcabouts.（一旦连接上，这些微小的追踪器就会向44个无

线电塔发送无线电信号，无线电塔会对信号进行处理.，以记录精确的位置）”可知，大黄蜂女王的“背包”可以

揭示蜜蜂的位置。故选B。

6.细节理解题。根据第四段“Inexperimentsfocusedonhowdifferentpesticidesaffectbeemovement,（he

scientistslearnedthatwhileusingnewerclassesofpesticidesmaynotkillbumblebees,“wchavefoundthatthey're

flyinginsignificantlyoddways,“saysLiczner.Forexample,pesticide-treatedlate-seasonqueens,whichwould

usuallyberestingandbuildingupenergyreservesfbrthewinter,weremoving“allovertheplace,“potentially

burningupthefatstorestheyneedtosurvivethewinter.（在专•注于不同杀虫剂如何影响蜜蜂运动的实验中，科学

家们了解到，虽然使用新型杀虫剂可能不会杀死大黄蜂，但“我们发现它们以非常奇怪的方式飞行，"Liczner

说。例如，经过杀虫剂处理的晚季蜂王，通常会休息并为冬天积累能量储备，它们正在“到处”移动，可能会

燃烧它们过冬所需的脂肪储备厂可知，杀虫剂扰乱了蜜蜂的飞行模式。故选A。

7.词句猜测题。根据划线词上文"What'smore,30%offlightsarcatnight.（更重要的是，30%的蜜蜂是在夜间

飞行）“以及后文"becausesomeregulationsallowfarmerstousepesticidesbetweenduskanddawn,whenbees

werepreviouslythoughttobeinactMe（因为一些法规允许农民在黄昏到黎明之间使用杀虫剂，而这段时间蜜蜂

被认为是不活跃的）“可知，法规允许农民在黄昏到黎明之间使用杀虫剂，导致原本这段时间不活跃的蜜蜂也

夜间飞行，所以是揭示了令人担忧的信息。故划线词意思是“令人担忧的”故选C。

8.细节理解题。根据最后一段“Thislalesummer,Licznerandherteamwereablelofollow（hebackpackedqueens

tothespotswheretheydugintothegroundtospendthewinter.Whenthequeensemerge,unfoldingtheirwingsin

thespringsunshine,Licznerhopestobetheretolearnmorefromthisunderstudiedspecies.（这个夏末，Liczner和

她的团队能够跟随背包皇后到他们挖地过冬的地方。当蚁后在春天的阳光下展开翅膀时，Liczner希望能从

这个未被充分研究的物种身上学到更多户可知,Liczner的研究在未来有助于进行专门针对性的保护。故选D。

3.（24-25高三上•湖北武汉•期末）Pastresearchhasshownthatmanyaspectsofmemoryareaffectedby

ageing,whereasrecognitiontasksthatrelyonwell-knowninformatonarenot.Theeffectofageontheabilityto

recallmusichasalsobeeninvestigated,butSarahSauve,amusicscientistattheUniversityofLincoln,was

interestedinexploringthiseffectinareal-worldsettingsuchasaliveconcert.

InherstudypublishedinPLOSONE,shetestedhowwellagroupof90healthyadults,ranginginagefrom

18to86,wereabletorecognizefamiliarandunfamiliarmusicalthemesataliveconcert.Thestudyfocusedon

threemusicpieces:EinckleineNachtmusikbyMozart,whichmostparticipantswerefamiliarwith,andtwo

experimentalpieces.Oneofthesewastonalandeasytolistento;theotherwasmoreatonal（无调的）anddidn't

followthetypicalmelodic（旋律的）standardsofWesternclassicalmusic.Ashortmelodicphrasefromeachofthe

threepieceswasplayedthreetimesatthebeginningofthatpiece,andparticipantsthenloggedwheneverthey

recognizedthatthemeinthepiece.

ThemelodicphrasefromtheEinekleineNachtmusikwasequallywellrecognizedacrossallages,withno

tossofrecognitionasageincreased.Allparticipantswerelessconfidentinrecognizingthethemeintheunfamiliar

tonalpiece,andevenlessconfidentwiththeunfamiliaratonalpiece.Thispatter,too,didnotvarywithage.

SteffenHerff,acognitive（认知的）neuroscientist,saysthereasonmusicalmemoryseemstoberesistantto

age-relatedcognitivedeclinesmightbeiheemotionsthatmusicstirsinpeople,whichmakesitmorerootedin

memory."Weknowfromgeneralmemoryresearchthat,effectively,theemotionalprocessingoperatesalittlebit

likeanimportantstamp,''hesays.

Thestudycollectedlimiteddataonsomeparticipants'cognitivehealth,andsodidn'tprovidedetailed

insightsintohowcognitivedisordersaffectmemoryrecall.Butitrevealedthegreatinterestinusingmusicasa

memoryaidforotherinformationinindividualswithneurogenerativeconditionssuchasdementia（痴呆）.

9.Whatcanbeinferredfrompreviousresearch?

A.Ageincreaseaffectsmusicalmemory.B.Musicrecallinreallifeproveschallenging.

C.Ageinginfluencesmemoryineveryrespect.D.Establishedknowledgebenefitsrecognition.

10.WhatshouldparticipantsdoinSarahSauve'sexperiment?

A.Compareiherhythms.B.Identifyspecificphrases.

C.Recognizethecomposers.D.Memorizecomplex(hemes.

11.WhydoesSteffenHerff'mention“animportantslamp"inparagraph4?

A.Tostressthepositiveimpactofmusic.B.Toexplainthereasonforcognitivedecline.

C.Toillustratetheroleofemotionsinmemory.D.Toemphasizetheemotions'resistancetoage.

12.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Masic:APowerfulMemoryAidB.MusicalMemory:FreefromAgeing

C.Familiarity:KeytoAgelessMemoryD.MemoryandEmotion:CognitiveTwins

【答案】9.D10.B11.C12.B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了音乐记忆不受年龄影响的研究发现。

9.推理判断题。由文章第一，段中“Pastresearchhasshownthatmanyaspectsofmemoryareaffectedbyageing,

whereasrecognitiontasksthatrelyonwell-knowninformationarenot.(过去的研究表明，记忆的许多方面会受

到衰老的影响，而依赖「•人们熟知信息的识别任务则不会。可知，记忆的许多方面都会受到衰老的影响，

而依赖于已知信息的识别任务则不会。因此可以推断出，已确立的知识有助于认知。故选D。

1().细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Ashortmelodicphrasefromeachofthethreepieceswasplayedthreetimesat

(hebeginningofthatpiece,andparticipants(henloggedwhenevertheyrecognizedthatthemeinthepiece.(每首乐

曲开头都会播放三次一个简短的旋律片段，参与者随后记录他便何时再次识别出该乐曲主题。广可知，参与

者需要识别特定的旋律片段。故选B。

11.推理判断题.由文章第四段中“SteffenHerfT,acognitive(认知的)neuroscientist,saysthereasonmusical

memoryseemsloberesistanttoage-relatedcognitivedeclinesmightbetheemotions(hatmusicstirsinpeople,

whichmakesitmorerootedinmemory."Weknowfromgeneralmemoryresearchthat,effectively,theemotional

processingoperatesalittlebitlikeanimportantstamp,“hesays.(认知神经科学家SteffenHerff表示，音乐记忆

似乎能抵御与年龄相关的认知衰退，原因可能在于音乐能唤起人们的情感，这使得音乐在记忆中扎根更深。

“我们从一般的记忆研究中了解到，实际上，情感加工有点像是一枚重要的印记，“他说道。厂可知，他提到

，，一个重要的印记，，是为了说明情感在记忆中的作用。故选c。

12.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Pastresearchhasshownthatmanyaspectsofmemoryare

affectedbyageing,whereasrecognitiontasksthatrelyonwell-knowninformationarenot.Theeffectofageonthe

abilitytorecallmusichasalsobeeninvestigated,butSarahSauve,amusicscientista(theUniversityofLincoln,

wasinterestedinexploringthiseffectinareal-worldsettingsuchasaliveconcert.(过去的研究表明，记忆的许多

方面会受到衰老的影响，而依赖于人们熟知信息的认知任务则不会。年龄对音乐回忆能力的影响也已经有

人研究过了，但林肯入学的音乐学家SarahSauve却对在诸如现场音乐会这样的现实场景中探究这•影响很

感兴趣。）''可知，文章主要讲述了音乐记忆似乎不受与年龄相关的认知衰退的影响，并探讨了其原因可能是

音乐引发的情感使音乐记忆更加根深蒂固。因此，B选项“MusicalMemory:Free（YomAgeing（音乐记忆：不

受年龄影响广最能概括文章主旨。故选B。

4.（2025•山东荷泽•一模）Wikipedia（维基百科），oneofthe'astremainingpillarsoftheopenandfreeweb,

isinexistentialcrisis.

Thetrendtowardsrationality（理性）wasendangeredlongbeforethebirthoftheWorldWideWeb.AsNeil

Postmannotedinhis1985bookAmusingOurselvestoDeath,theriseoftelevisionintroducednotjustanew

mediumbulanewatmosphere:agradualshiftfromatypographic（E[1刷的）culturetoaphotographicone,whichin

turnmeantashiftfromrationalitytoemotions,opinionstoentertainment.

Inanimage-centeredandpleasure-drivenworld,Postmannoted,thereisnoplaceforthinking,becauseyou

simplycannotthinkwithimages.Itistextthatenablesusto“uncoverliesandconfusions,andtodetectabusesof

logicandcommonsense.Italsomeanstoweighideas,tocompareandcontraststatements,toconnectone

generalizationtoanother.”

Thedominanceoftelevisionwasnotcontainedtoourlivingrooms.Itoverturnedallofthosehabitsofmind,

fundamentallychangingourexperienceoftheworld,affectingpolitics,religion,business,andculture.Itreduced

manyaspectsofmodernlifetoentertainmentandcommerce."Americansdon'ttalktoeachother,wcentertain

eachother,“Postmanwrote."Theydon'texchangeideas;theyexchangeimages.Theydonotarguewith

Diwosilions;theyarguewithgoodlooks,celebritiesandcommercials.M

A（first,thewebseemedtopushagainstthistrend.Whenitemergedtowardsthelate1980sasapurely

text-basedmedium,itwasseenasatooltopursueknowledge,notpleasure.Reasonandthoughtweremostvalued

inthisgarden.Universitieswereamongthefirsttoconnecttothisnewmedium,hostingdiscussiongroups,

informativeblogs,electronicmagazines,andacademicforums.Itwasanintellectualproject,notaboutcommerce

orcontrol,createdinascientificresearchcenterinSwitzerland.

Wikipediawasafruitofthisgarden.SowasGooglesearchanditstext-basedadvertisingmodel.Andso

wereblogs,whichvaluedtext,hyperlinks,knowledge,andliterature.Andformorethanadecade,（hewebcreated

analternativespacethatthreatenedtelevision'spoweroversociety.

Socialnetworks,though,havesincecolonizedthewebfbrtelevision'svalues.FromFacebooktoInstagram,

themediumrefocusesourattentior.onvideosandimages,rewardingemotionalappeals—“like”buttonsover

rationalones.Insteadofsearchingforknowledge,itengagesusinanendlesspassionfbrinstantapprovalfroman

audience,forwhichweareconstantlybutunconsciouslyperforming.Itreducesourcuriositybyshowingusexactly

whatwealreadywantandthink,basedonourprofilesandpreferences.TheEnlightenment'smotlo(座右铭)of

“Darctoknow“hasbecome“Darcnottocaretoknow.”

NowthechallengeistosaveWikipediaanditspromiseofafreeandopencollectionofallhuman

knowledgeamong(heconquestofsocialmedia-howtocollectandpreserveknowledgewhennobodycaresto

know.Weneedtounderstandthatthedeclineof(hewebandtherebyoftheWikipediaispartofamuchlarger

civilizationshiftwhichhasjuststartedtounfold.

13.AccordingtoNeilPostman,whichofthefollowingstatemenisisTRUE?

A.Televisionstartedarevolutioninphotographictechnology.

B.Textshelppeoplethinkcriticallytomakejudgments.

C.Imagesgivepeoplemorechancestocommunicatedeeper.

D.Thewebwasmeanttoserveasanentertainmentplatform.

14.Theunderlinedword“propositions”inparagraph4probablymeans"

A.experiencesB.appearancesC.opinionsD.consequences

15.Whatcanweinterabout(heinfluenceofsocialmediafrom(heunderlinedsentence?

A.Weareconstantlydistractedandcan'tfocusfbrlong.

B.Wearewellkeptupdatedwiththelatestinformation.

C.Wehavebecomemorecuriousabouttheoutsideworld.

D.Wehavebecomeuninterestedinintellectualpursuits.

16.Whichofthefollowingcanbeihcbesttitleofthispassage?

A.TheDeclineofTelevisionB.ThePowerofSocialMedia

C.WhyWeAmuseOurselvestoDeathD.HowSocialMediaEndangersKnowledge

【答案】13.B14.C15.D16.D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要对维基百科等网络知识平台所面临的危机进行了深入分析和评论，

探讨了互联网从最初的理性、知识追求导向逐渐转变为娱乐、情感导向的趋势，以及这一变化对维基百科

等网络知识平台的影响。

13.细节理解题。根据文章第三段”[nanimagc-ccntcrcdandpleasure-drivenworld,Postmannoted,thereisno

placeforthinking,becauseyousimplycannotthinkwithimages.Itistextthatenablesusto"uncoverliesand

confusions,andtodetectabusesoflogicandcommonsense.Italsomeanstoweighideas,tocompareandcontrast

statements,toconnectonegeneralizationtoanother.,XPostman指出，在•个以影像为中心、受享乐驱动的世界

里，没有思考的空间，因为人们根本无法通过影像来进行思考。正是文字使我们能够“揭露谎言与混淆之

处，察觉逻辑和常识的滥用情况。它还意味着权衡各种观点，对不同陈述进行比较和对照，将一种概括与

另一种概括联系起来“。）“可知，文字能帮助人们去揭露谎言、箕觉逻辑和常识的滥用，权衡观点、比较对

照陈述等，也就是帮助人们进行批判性思考并做出判断。故选B。

14.词句猜测题。根据划线单词上下文“Postmanwrote.44Thcydon'texchangeideas;theyexchangeimages.They

donotarguewith...;theyarguewithgoodlooks,celebritiesandcommercials.”（他们不交换思想，而是交换影像。

他们不就……进行争辩，而是比拼颜值、名人效应以及广告宣传。）“可知，此处是在将过去人们围绕某种内

容进行争辩的情况和现在只看重外在、名人、广告等情况作对比，过去人们应该是围绕观点、看法之类的

内容进行争辩。因此“propositions”与“思想、观点”意思相近。选项C'pinions”，意为“想法、观点”与此相符。

故选C。

15.推理判断题。根据第七段中“Insteadofsearchingforknowledge,itengagesusinanendlesspassionforinstant

approvalfromanaudience,forwhichweareconstantlybutunconsciouslyperforming.Itreducesourcuriosityby

showingusexactlywhatwealreadywantandthink,basedonourprofilesandpreferences.TheEnlightenment^

motto（座右铭）of"Darctoknow”hasbecome4tDarcnottocaretoknow."（它不是寻求知识，而是让我们陷入一

种无尽的激情中，想要得到观众的即时认可，我们一直在无意识地为之表演。它根据我们的个人资料和偏

好，准确地向我们展示我们已经想要和想要的东西，从而降低我们的好奇心。启蒙运动的格言“敢于求知”

已经变成了“不敢在意求知厂可知，社交媒体让我们不再追求知识，而是热衷于获得观众的即时认可，它

根据我们的个人资料和偏好展示我们已经想要和思考的东西，降低了我们的好奇心，使我们对知识的追求

变得冷漠。故选

16.主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇指出维基百科面临生存危机，接着回顾了电视兴起对理性

等方面的影响，随后讲述网络起初是追求知识的工具，而后来社交网络按照电视的价值观占据网络空间，

改变了人们关注的重点，削弱了人们的好奇心，让人们不再在意求知，使得维基百科这样承载知识汇集愿

景的平台也受到威胁，整体围绕社交媒体如何危及知以的收集、保存以及人们对知识的追求等方面展开论

述。选项D“HowSocialMediaEndangersKnowledge（社交媒体如何危及知识）”能够准确概括文宣主要围绕社

交媒体对知识产生危害这一核心内容进行论述的主旨，是最合适的标题。故选D。

5.（24-25高三上•山西•期末）Thedebateonwhethersmilingorfrowning（皱眉）influencesemotionshas

lastedfordecades.Recently,researchersusedelectricalmusclestimulationtoforceparticipants'mouthsintosmiles

orfrowns,seekingadefinitiveanswer.Theyfoundthatthephysicalactoftheseexpressionsdirectlyimpacts

emotions,makingpeoplefeelmorepositiveornegative.

SebastianKorb,apsychologylecturerattheUniversityofEssex,notesthattheideathatthebodyshapes

emotionsisoldbutnotuniversallyaccepted.Thisconcepthasrootsinthe19thcentury,withCharlesDarwinand

WilliamJamessuggestingthatphysiologicalchangesaffectemotions.Inthe20thcentury,researchersfocusedon

facialexpressions,leadingtothe“facialfeedbackhypothesis(假说)“inthe1970s.However,thishypothesishas

receivedmixedsupport.

A1988Germanstudy,knownasthepentask,foundthaiparticipantswhoheldapenbetweentheir

teeth(facilitatingasmile)foundcaroonsfunnierthanthosewhohelditbetweentheirlips(formingakiss-like

expression).Thissupportedthefacialfeedbackhypothesis.

Inthenewstudy,Korbandhisteamusedelectricalstimulationtotargetspecificfacialmuscles.Theyplaced

electrodes(电极)on58participantsandgraduallyincreasedthecurrentuntilitcausedasmileorfrown.

Participantswereexposedtovariousconditions,includinglookingatablankscreen,ahappyimage,anda

depressingimagewhilesmilingorfrowning.Theyalsounderwentexperimentswithweakerstimulationsthatdidn't

producevisiblefacialmovements.

Theresearchersfoundconnectionsbetweenparticipants'facialfeaturesandtheirfeelingswhenstimulated

strongly.Thestrongestconnectionwaswhensmileswerepairedwithpositiveimages.Evenwithoutaccompanying

imagery,participantsfelthappierwhenstimulatedtosmileandsadderwhenforcedtofrown,althoughtheeffect

wasnotmassive.Korbemphasizedthattheyonlyactivatedcertainmusclesforashortduration.

HeatherLench,aprofessorofpsychologicalandbrainsciencesatTexasA-MUniversity,whowasnot

involvedintheresearch,saysthenewstudywasdonewelland“opensupanewwaytomakefacialexpressions”.

17.Whatmethodwasusedtoforcesmilesorfrownsonparticipantsinthenewstudy?

A.Facialexercises.B.Emotionalrecall.

C.Penholdingtechnique.D.Electricalmusclestimulation.

18.Whoproposedthathowourbodyfeelschangeouremotions?

A.SebastianKorb.B.HeatherLcnch.

C.CharlesDarwinandWilliamJames.D.Researchersin:he20thcentury.

19.WhatisHeatherLcnch'sattitudetowardsthenewstudy?

A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.indifferent.D.Critical.

20.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.FacialExpressionsHaveaLongHistory

B.GesturesareUsefultoBoostYourEmotions

C.FacialExpressionsDirectlyImpactEmotions

D.PsychologyIsImportaniinChangingEmotions

【答案】17.D18.C19.B20.C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了微笑或皱眉是否会影响人的情绪。研究人员通过电刺激面部肌肉

使参与者做出微笑或皱眉的表情，发现这些表情动作直接影响人的情绪，使人感到更积极或更消极。

17.细节理解题。根据第一段“Recently,researchersusedelectricalmusclestimulationtoforceparticipants，

mouthsintosmilesorfrowns,seekingadefinitiveanswer.Theyfoundthatthephysicalactoftheseexpressions

directlyimpactsemotions,makingpeoplefeelmorepositiveornegative.（最近，研究人员使用电肌肉刺激来迫使

参与者的嘴露出微笑或皱眉，以寻求明确的答案。他们发现，这些表情的身体行为直接影响情绪，使人们

感到更积极或更消极。）”可知，研究人员使用了电刺激肌肉的方法来迫使参与者的嘴角上扬或卜垂，形成微

笑或皱眉。故选De

18.细节理解题。根据第二段"Thisconcepthasrootsinthe19thcentury,withCharlesDarwinandWilliamJames

suggestingthatphysiologicalchangesaffectemotions.（这个概念起源于19世纪,查尔斯•达尔文和威廉・詹姆斯

认为生理变化会影响情绪。户可知，查尔斯・达尔文和威廉・詹姆斯提出我们身体的感觉会改变我们的情绪。

故选C。

19.推理判断题。根据最后一段“HeatherLench,aprofessorofpsychologicalandbrainsciencesatTexas

A-MUniversity,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,saysthenewstudywasdonewelland“opensupa

newwaytomakefacialexpressions"（德克萨斯农工大学的心理和脑科学教授希瑟•兰奇没有参与这项研究，但

她表示，这项新研究做得很好，”开辟了一种做出面部表情的新方法可知HeatherLench对新研究的态度

是积极的。故选B。

20.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Thedebateonwhethersmilingorfrowning（皱眉）influencesemotionshaslasted

fordecades.Recently,researchersusedelectricalmusclestimulationtoforceparticipants'mouthsintosmilesor

frowns,seekingadefinitiveanswer.Theyfoundthatthephysicalactoftheseexpressionsdirectlyimpactsemotions,

makingpeoplefeelmorepositiveornegative.（关于微笑或皱眉是否会影响情绪的争论已经持续了几十年。最近,

研究人员使用电肌肉刺激来迫使参与者的嘴露出微笑或皱眉，以寻求明确的答案。他们发现，这些表情的

身体行为直接影响情绪，使人们感到更积极或更消极。户结合文章探讨了微笑或皱眉是否会影响人的情绪。

研究人员通过电刺激面部肌肉使参与者做出微笑或皱眉的表情，发现这些表情动作直接影响人的情绪，使

人感到更积极或更消极。故C项“面部表情直接影响情绪”为最佳标题。故选C。

6.（24-25高三下•天津•开学考试）It'sprobablynothardformanyofustocomeupwithspecificmoments

thatfeltjoyful.Butthequestionofwhetherwc*rchappyoverallismuchmorecomplex.Itinvolvesweighingmany

factorsinourlives,goodandbad.Andinthatsense,manypeople—especiallyteensandyoungadults—seem

unhappierthanever.

Youngpeople,especiallythoseintheUnitedStates,justaren'tashappyastheywere10or15yearsago.

That'saccordingtothe2024WorldHappinessReport,publishedbytheUniversityofOxfordinEngland.This

annualreportisbasedonsurveysthataskpeoplearoundtheglobehowsatisfiedtheyarewiththeirlives.

Paricipantsalsoanswerquestionsabouttheirpositiveandnegativeemotionsfromthedaybeforethesurvey.Good

feelingsincludethingslikelaughter,enjoymentandhowinterestedapersonwasintheactivitiestheydid.Negative

emotionsfocusonsadness,