定语从句考点运用（学生版）-高三英语总复习 （人教版）

定语从句考点运用

基本概念：

定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词、充当定语的句子叫定语从句。因其功能相当于形容词，所以又

称为形容词性从句。

先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。

关系词:引导定语从句的词，也叫引导词。分为关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose,as)和关

系副词(where,when,why)。关系词要在定语从句中作某个成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。

限制性定语从句：对先行词起修饰限定作用的定语从句。

非限制性定语从句：对先行词或主句起补充逆图作用的定语从句，通常引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔

开。

备考方向

语法填空常考点短文改错常考点写作常用句式

1.引导非限制性定语从句该

l.Asweallknow.../Asisknowntoall…”众所

用which而误用其他关系

周知……”

词(如that)；

2.Assb.putsit…“按照某人所说的...”

2.关系代词who,whom,

1.关系代词who,whom,3.such...as...“像...这样的....”

whose,which,that的缺失；

whose,which,that,as的4.thesame...as.../thesameas,・•“像...一样

3.关系代词who,whom的

用法；的”

错用；

2.关系副词where,when,5.oneofthe+复数名词+定语从句“...中的

4.先行词是人或物时，关系

why的用法；―*个，，

代词who,which的错用；

3.“介词+关系代词”引6.theonlyoneofthe+复数名词+定语从句

5.关系代词as的错用；

导的定语从句。“...中唯一的一个”

6.关系副词和关系代词的误

7.由which引导的非限制性定语从句。

用；

which...(which代替上文整句话，译为“这一

7.人称代词与关系代词的误

点”)

用。

重点难点

(―)who,whom,whose引导定语从句的用法

1.先行词是人，关系词在定语从句中作主语时，用who/that,关系词不可省略；关系词在定语从句中作宾

语时，用whom/who/that,关系词可以省略。

2.先行词those后常用who引导定语从句。

3.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，如果先行词指人，用whom指代人且不能省略。

4.whose引导定语从句时，作定语，且不能省略。

I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolwho/whom/thatImetintheEnglish

speechcontestlastyear.

我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的同校同学成了好朋友。

IhavemanyfriendstowhomI'mgoingtosendpostcards.

我要寄贺卡给我的很多朋友。

Theschoolshop,whosecustomersaremainlystudents,isdosedfortheholidays.

这家主要顾客是学生的校内商店，放假时关闭。

点津：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

Tomistheonlyoneoftheengineerswhohascomeupwiththesolution.

汤姆是这些工程师中唯一一个想出解决方法的人。

(二)that,which引导定语从句的用法

1.that引导定语从句

既可指人又可指物，指人时通常可与who,whom互换，指物时通常可与which互换。在从句中作主语、宾

语或表语，作宾语时可省略。

2.定语从句中用that不用which的情况：

⑴当先行词是all,any,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词或被它们修饰时。

⑵当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。

(3)当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时。

(4)当先行词既有人又有物时。

(5)当定语从句出现在which或who的特殊疑问句中时。

⑹有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which,另一个宜用thato

⑺当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时。

⑻主句以here,there开头且先行词是指物的名词时。

随堂练习

1.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythinghehadstolen.

2.Thereseemstobenothingisimpossibletohimintheworld.

3.ThereislittleIcandoforyou.

4.ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread.

5.ThefirstplacetheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.

6.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonswesawthen.

7.Lookatthemanandhisdogarewalkingupthestreet.

8.HeistheonlypersonIwanttoseenow.

9.Whoisthemanisstandingthere?

10.WhichistheT-shirtfitsmemost?

3.which引导定语从句

⑴先行词为物。

(2)which在从句中作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略。

4.定语从句中用which而不用that的情况：

(1)在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词用which而不用thato

(2)关系代词前面有介词时，用which而不用that。

(3)先行词为that/those时，用which而不用thato

Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseumthat/whichwasconstructedthreeyearsago.

她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。

ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.

他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。

Whoisthemanthatissittingontherocksmoking?

坐在岩石上抽烟的那个人是谁？

Theboywasawayfromhomeforaweek,whichworriedhisparentsverymuch.

这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。

随堂练习

1.1stillrememberthedayIfirstgottoParis.

2.Sheheardaterriblenoise,broughtherheartintohermouth.

3.ThatisthebookIborrowedfromthelibrary.

4.1sthereanythingisnotexpensivewhichwecanbuyforherasagift?

(三)as引导定语从句的用法

关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。

1.as引导限制性定语从句时常用于下列句式：

、uch+名词+as...像……这样的，像……之类的

(1)<

[thesame+名词+as...和...一样的

其中关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。

(2)...suchas...凡是……的人(或事物)，所有……人(或事物)

其意义相当于everythingthat,allthose,thosethat(who)等。as引导定语从句并在从句中担当成分，定语从

句修饰先行词sucho

Takesuchasyouneed.

你需要什么就拿什么。

Youmaychoosesuchasyouprefer.

你可挑选自己想要的东西。

2.关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别：

as意为“正如，正像％引导的非限制性定语从句既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而

which意为“这件事，这一点”，引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代整个

主句的内容。

SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.

像在我们车间使用的这样的机器是中国制造的。

Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmakeshisparentsveryhappy.

汤姆取得了很大进步，这使他父母很高兴。

“Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch,“astheoldsayinggoes.

正如老话所说的那样：“天下没有免费的午餐。”

l.Hemarriedher,wasnatural.

2.Heishonest,wecansee.

3.isknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.

4.Heisfromthesouth,wecanknowfromhisaccent.

5.John,youknow,isafamouswriter.

6.Theairqualityinthecity,isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths

7.HehasbeentoParistentimes,Idon'tbelieve.

8.I'veneverheardsuchstorieshetells.

9.Heisnotsuchafoolhelooks.

10.ThisisthesamedictionaryIlostlastweek.

11.Sheworethesamedressheryoungersisterwore.

(四)关系副词when,where,why引导定语从句的用法

1.when引导定语从句

关系副词when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

2.where引导定语从句

(1)在定语从句中作地点状语。

(2)先行词可以是表示具体地点的名词(如place,home,school,village,city等)。

(3)先行词也可以是表示抽象意义的名词(如job,life,situation,point,case,stage,activity等)。

如果定语从句用来修饰point,situation,part,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，并且作状语，要用where

引导定语从句，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”，这种现象叫做地点模糊化。常见的表地点的模糊化

名词还有：occasion,circumstance,state,degree,extent,stage,level,period,aspect等。例如：

①IhavecometothepointwhereIcan'tstandhim.

②Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime.

③Wearetryingtoreachapointwherebothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.

④IcanthinkofmanycaseswherestudentsobviouslyknowalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn't

writeagoodessay.

⑤It'shelpfultoputchildreninasituationwheretheycanseethemselvesdifferently.

注意：如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。例如：

Rememberthatthereisstillonepointwhichwemustmakecleaiattheconferencetomorrow.

3.why引导定语从句

关系副词why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于forwhich。

I'mlookingforwardtothedaywhenmydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingforher.

我正期盼那一天的到来，那时我女儿可以读这本书，并且了解我对她的感情。

Sing!Chinahassetupabigstageforyoungpeoplewithatalentformusic,wheresomehavestoodout

amongthem.

《中国新歌声》为有音乐天赋的年轻人建立了一个大舞台，在这个舞台上一些人从中脱颖而出。

Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.

他们已经到了必须分手的地步。

Doyouknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn'tattendthemeeting?

你知道他没参加会议的原因吗？

随堂练习

1.1stillrememberthedayIfirstcametothisschool.

2.Thetimewegottogetherfinallyarrived.

3.October1,1949wasthedaythePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded.

4.ShanghaiisthecityIwasborn.

5.ThehouseIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.

6.1sthistheplacetheyfoughttheenemy?

7.Pleasetellmethereasonyoumissedtheplane.

8.Thereasonhewaspunishedisunknowntous.

9.1don'tknowthereasonhelooksunhappytoday.

（五）“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句的用法

1.介词和关系代词的确定

若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom,指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词

后，即“介词+whose+名词”结构。一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：

⑴先行词的意义；

⑵从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；

(3)句子的意思。

TradingleathershoesisthebusinesstowhichtheGreensaredevoted.

皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。(bedevotedto"献身，致力于”，固定搭配)

Careofthesoulisagradualprocessinwhicheventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.

心灵的呵护是一个渐进的过程，在这一过程中，即使是生活中微小的细节也应该考虑在内。

RecentlyIboughtanancientvase,thepriceofwhich(=whoseprice)wasveryreasonable.

最近我买了一个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。

2.“of+关系代词”引导的定语从句

在some,any,few,little,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each等代词或数词的前、后表示整体与部分的

关系可以用ofwhich/whomo

Hehadalotoffriends,noneofwhomwouldofferhelptohimwhenhewasintrouble.

他有许多朋友，但当他遇到麻烦时没有人会给他提供帮助。

随堂练习

①IstillrememberthedayIfirstcametothisschool.

②Greatchangeshavetakenplacewelive.

③Thereasonherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.

随堂练习

I.单句填空

l.In1984,Dr.MaryGroda-Lewis,wasthirty-fiveyearsoldthen,graduatedwithhonorsandrealizedher

dream.

2.Hesaid,"...Iaddedasmallmoustache,wouldaddagewithouthidingmyexpression.^^

l.Who2.which3.

3.Theact,forbidstrading,waspassedin1448andisstillinforce.

4.Ourofficewasn'tfarfromChinatown,IfoundsomeverygoodChineserestaurants.

5.Asmoreandmorepeopleownprivatecars,parkinghasbecomeabigheadacheformanycarowners,especially

forthoseliveindowntownareaswithoutenoughparkingspaces.

6.Nowmillionsoffansareeagerlyawaitingitseighthandfinalseason,startsonApril14.

7.AfterlivinginAustraliaformanyyears,Louisefinallyreturnedtothecountryshewasborn.

8.Thereareperhaps40millioncompetitivetabletennisplayersandmanyordinarypeopleplayless

seriously.

9.Hewasagreatscientistandanextraordinarymanworkandlegacywillliveonformanyyears.

10.ThatisanOxfordcollege,famousgraduatesincludethelateBenazirBhutto.

11.Butit'snotlikemanyothercountriesthereseemstobetensionamongthedifferentcultures.

12.Then,afire,brokeoutin1969onCleveland'sCuyahogaRiver,shedlightontheproblemofchemical

pollutioninwater.

13.Pupils,usuallycomefromthefifthorsixthgrade,aredividedintodifferentteamsandtrytowrite

downeverywordaccordingtoitspronunciation.

14.1amalreadylookingforwardtotheirnextvisitIcanshowthemmoreofwhatSevilleoffers,

n.单句填空

l.Wehaveenteredintoanagedreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.

2.Theirchildisatthestageshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.

3.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,helpsthemkeepfit.

4.Kate,sisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.

5.Self-drivingisanareaChinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.

6.Myeldestson,worktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.

7.In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneofpurposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.

8.1livenextdoortoacouplechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.

9.Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,theweathermaybebetter.

10.Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneofhasbeenproved.

11.OppositeisSt.Paul'sChurch,youcanhearsomelovelymusic.

12.Thenumberofsmokers,isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.

13.Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherehisemployeesenjoytheirwork.

14.Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskilluponschooleducationdepends.

15.ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,showsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwantto

learnaboutChina.

16.Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetimeheshouldbeabletobe

independent.

17.Thebooksonthedesk,coversareshiny,areprizesforus.

Therewasatime1IwastiredoflearningEnglishanddislikedspeakingEnglish.Andthiswasthereason

2_myfatherforcedmetojoinina30-daytraininginanEnglishclubbeforeIwenttoseniorhighschool.WhenI

firstcametotheclub,3Imetmanystrangers,!missedmyparentsverymuch.SoIpackedupmythingsand

wantedtogohome.Fortunately,myguide,4teacherwasYuMinhong,communicatedwithmefacetoface,from

5_Igainedsomeusefulinstructions.Healsointroducedagoodpartnertome,andwegotalongwellwitheach

other.GraduallyIadaptedtothelifethere.EverydayIwouldtalktootherteenagersandsetdownaseriesof

activities6wedid.Isho