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第10讲动名词2026年高考英语语法专项突破全国通用)

(语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练)

内容提要

思维导图表格呈现对点练习单题突破综合提升

影式:娴“ng(靠阳词.名词拗I)

ifi名词咄(专H10文件核心)

施:迪初习惯性/已栽勋作,部分主动哀顿动

BIS作:句自♦动谒・叱,(fflSvwmrringisgood)

It作形式主语:Itisnouse/gooddomg...(HIRisnousecrying)

Theret$nodoing:表禁it/无&(JOThefti$nodenying)

CM:系飒(be/$eem)♦硼Mg

作mYCZ规则:悔1主语(主送多为啾名词/what从刨,HIHisjobisteaching

二ag蒯为法功能

WTiSffl名词的t/fig(如snmgpool;IM娜泄?)

3ffSfiO-

区分:趣在分词(主动施行,如runningma、)、过去分词(被动底SLtttxokencup).不定式(陶匕ttmeetingtoattend)

RaiB€i?M£»a:mind/enjoy/avoij/suggestW(Wmecarfipsd-)

接todo/domg异义的电沟:forget(未做/已it).stop(«l另事/W)9(#8'frog$hmt')

4候语(U)

含介源oS羯语:lookforwardto/beusedto/sbekt礴"。为介宵*3ng)

tpend(in)doang/havftrnubk(in)doifXjW(anZJK♦doing)

—fHC:laMoing/SiJbeingdone

1.三大时3会彩式完8试:壬动havingdone常劭avingbeendone

西演:

=访名词特殊形式(易益易团)notdoing/nothivingdone

i5用动词:want/need/r?quife/de$efve(:tobedone)

2主讪形式表被动或义

beworthdong(JflTheroomneedsdeaning=tobecleaned)

音.i-—禅•形E:名潮旃格/形容磷主代沟"oing(如a*sgng/herhoping),作主iS/JHIVRift

'反司一冬第形W:名词HMSYomg(JttUanedoing/meu$mg),作我说宾语

一、动名词基础及句法功能(主语/表语/定语)表

此表格梳理动名词的基础特征及“作主语、作表语、作定语”三大核心句法功能,明确各

功能的结构规则、高频场景及与其他非谓语的区分,是掌握动名词基本用法的核心框架。

功能结构规则高频示例关键区分点

形式:动词-ing:属性:兼

具动词(可带宾语/状语)、readingbooks(带

基础

名词(可作主/宾)特征;宾语);running—

特征

语义:表抽象、习惯性或已fast(带状语)

完成动作

1.直接作土语;动词-ing

1.Swimmingis

置于句首,表抽象概念,谓

goodforhealth

语用单数不可用不定式表“习惯性

2.Itisnouse

2.It作形式主语:用于固定动作“(错误:Toswimis

作主cryingoverspill

句型t4Itisnousc/good+goodforhealth:正确:

语milk

doing...”(表“做某事无用/Swimmingisgoodfor

3.Thereisno

无好处”)health)

denyingthatheis

3.Thereisnodoing.表

excellent

“禁止做某事",语气强硬

功能结构规则高频示例关键区分点

区别于现在分词作表语

系动词(be/scem/appcar)后1.Hisjobis

(表主语特征,如“The

接动词-ing,对主语(多为teachingEnglish

作表filmisexciting”中

抽象名词/what引导的从2.WhatIenjoy

语exciting是现在分词,表

句)进行解释说明,语义上mostisreadingin

“电影令人兴奋动名词

与主语构成“等同关系”thelibrary

作表语表“主语是什么”)

与其他非谓语作定语区

1.aswimming分:

pool(用途:用于-现在分词:表主动/进

游泳的池子)行(arunningman,正在

动词-ing修饰名词,说明

2.awalkingstick跑的人)

作定被修饰词的“用途、性质或

(用途:用于走路-过去分词:表被动/完

语逻辑关系”,多构成“a+

的拐杖)成(abrokencup,被打碎

doing+名词”结构

3.asleepingbag的杯子)

(性质:供睡觉用-不定式:表将来(a

的袋子)meetingtoattend,要参力口

的会议)

注意事项:

1.作主语时谓语单复数:无论动名词内容是否为复数(如"Readingandwriting"),谓语均用

单数,不可因动名词为并列结构而用复数(错误:Readingandwritingarehelpful;正确:Reading

andwritingishelpful);

2.作表语的语义匹配:需确保动名词与主语在语义上‘等同",不可表”主语的特征"(错误:

Thetaskistiring;正确:Thetaskisfinishingthereport------tiring是现在分词,表"任务令人疲

惫”的特征;finishing是动名词,表”任务是完成报告”的等同关系);

3.作定语的用途指向:动名词作定语仅说明“被修饰词的用途”,不可表”动作正在进行“,若

需表”进行中的动作“,需用现在分词作后置定语(错误:areadingstudent;正确:astudent

reading------“readingstudenl”易误理解为“供阅读的学生“,逻辑不符)。

【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空

1.(read)classicliteratureregularlycanhelpusimproveourculturalliteracyandcritical

thinkingskills.

2.Itisnouse(complain)abouttheheavytraffic;we'dbetterleaveearliertoavoid

beinglate.

3.Themainfunctionofthismachineis(print)high-qualitydocumentsforthe

company'sdailyoperations.

4.Mygrandmotherstillusesa(walk)stickthatherfathermadeforherwhenshewas

young.

5.Thereisno(deny)thatenvironmentalprotectionhasbecomeoneofthemost

importantglobalissuestoday.

二、动名词作宾语(高频考点)表

此表格聚焦动名词“作宾语”的四类核心场景,覆盖“只接动名词的动词、接todo/doing

意义不同的动词、含介词to的动词短语、常接省略介词的动词短语“,是语法填空、写作及

单项选择的高频考点,需要强化记忆,加以掌握。

场景结构规则高频词汇/短语示例

mind(介意)、miss(错过)、enjoy

Shesuggested

动词后仅能接(喜欢)、escape(逃避)、consider

exercising

动词-ing作(考虑)、avoid(避免)、appreciate

只接动名regularly.

宾语,不可接(感激)、risk(冒险)、finish(完

词的动词Heavoided

不定式,需牢成)、forbid(禁止)>imagine(想

makingthe

记高频动词象)、practise(实践)、suggest(建

samemistake.

议)、delay(延迟)

Heforgotto

lockthedoor

(未做,忘记

forget(todo未做/doing已做)、要锁门);He

动词后接不定

remember(同理)、regret(todo遗forgotlocking

式与动名词时

接to憾做/doing后悔做)、goon(todo做it(已做,忘记

语义差异大,

do/doing另事/doing继续做)、stop(todo做锁过门)

需根据“动作

异义的动另事/doing停做事)、can'thelp(toShestoppedto

是否己发

词do不能帮/doing情不自禁)、meanrest(做另事,

生”“动作是否

(todo打算做/doing意味着)、try停下来去休

转换“区分

(todo努力做/doing尝试做)息);She

stoppedtalking

(停做事,停

止说话)

短语中的“to”

lookforwardto(盼望)、beusedtoWelook

为介词,后接

(习惯于)、beaccustomedto(习惯forwardto

动词-ing,不

含介词于)、stickto(坚持)、payattentionmeetingyouat

可接不定式,

to的动to(注意)、devoteoneselfto(致力theparty.

需注意与“to

词短语于)、objectto(反对)、beopposedtoHeisusedto

为不定式符

(反对)、whenitcomes(o(谈到)、gellingupearly

号”的短语区

attachimportanceto(重视)onweekends.

场景结构规则高频词汇/短语示例

spend/vvaste...(in)doing(花费/浪Theyspenttwo

短语中费...做某事)、bebusy/occupied(in)hours(in)

“in/from”可doing(忙于做某事)、decoratingtheir

常接省略

省略,省略后prevent/stop...(from)doing(阻止...newhouse.

介词的动

仍接动词・做某事)、havedifficulty/trouble(in)Shehastrouble

词短语

ing,不影响语doing(做…有困难)、havefun(in)(in)speaking

义表达doing(做…很开心)、ThereisnoEnglish

point/sense(in)doing(做…无意义)fluently.

注意事项:

1.只接动名词的动词被动语态:若需体现“被动动作”,需用动名词的被动式(beingdone),

不可接不定式的被动式(tobedone)(错误:Heavoidediobecriticized;正确:Heavoidedbeing

criticized);

2.接todo/doing异义动词的语境判断:避免仅凭“翻译”判断,需结合“动作时态”(已做/

未做)或“动作对象”(同一动作/另一动作)区分,如“regrettosay”表“遗憾要告知”(动

作未发生),“regretsaying”表“后悔告知”(动作已发生);

3.含介词to的短语不可混淆:需明确“to为介词”,后接动词-ing,不可因“to常接不定

式”而误接todo(错误:lookforwardtomeet;lookforwardtomeeting)。

【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空

1.Themanagersuggested(hold)ameetingnextMondaytodiscussthenewmarketing

strategywithallteammembers.

2.Sheregretted(nottake)herteacher'sadviceiostudyabroad,asshenowfindsithard

togetagoodjobinherfield.

3.Wearelookingforwardto(meet)thefamousscientistattheacademicconferenceto

beheldnextmonth.

4.Thelittleboyhasdifficulty(express)histhoughtsclearly,sohisparentsoftenread

picturebookswithhimtoimprovehislanguageskills.

5.Hetried(fix)thebrokenradiobyhimself,buthefinallyhadtoaskaprofessional

technicianforhelp.

三、动名词特殊形式(时态语态/被动意义)表

此表格梳理动名词的“时态语态形式”及“主动形式表被动意义”两类特殊用法,解决

“何时用一般式/完成式、何时主动形式能表被动”等易错问题,是语法填空的细节考点,尤

其需注意完成式的动作先后逻辑和被动意义的适用场景。

类别结构规则适用场景示例

1.一般式(主动):doing(表动名1.Heenjoysreading

词动作与主句动作同时发生或稍后1.一般式:novels(一般式主动,无

发生,无明显先后)动作无先后,先后)

2.一般式(被动):beingdone(表或需体现2.Shewasproudof

动名词动作被承受,且与主句动作“被动但无先beingselectedasthe

同时发生)后”leader(一般式被动,同

时态3.完成式(主动):havingdone(表2.完成式:时发生)

语态动名词动作先于主句动作完成,有动作有明确3.Theypraisedhimfor

形式明确先后顺序)先后,需强调havingsavedthechild

4.完成式(被动):havingbeendone“先发生”(完成式主动,先救人

(表动名词动作被承受且先于主句3.否定式:后被表扬)

动作完成)表“未做/4.Heregrettednot

5.否定式:not+doing/not+having没做某动havingfinishedihework

done(否定词“not”必须置于动名作ontime(否定完成式,

词前,不可后置)没按时完成)

1.主语为1.Theroomneecs

1.适用动词:“物”,需体现cleaning=Theroom

主动want/need/require/deserve(表”需要“被处理、被needstobecleaned(房

形式/值得”),后接doing,等同于“to评价”的语间需要被打扫)

表被bedone”义2.Hissuggestionis

动意2.固定结构:beworthdoing(表2.不可用被worthconsidering(他的

义“某事值得被做“),仅用主动形式,动式,避免语建议值得被考虑,不可

不可用被动形式(beingdone)义重狂或语说isworthbeing

法错误considered)

注意事项:

1.完成式的使用限制:仅当动名词动作“明确先于主句动作”时才用完成式,若无先后顺序,

需用一般式(错误:Heenjoyshavingreadnovels:正确:Heenjoysreadingnovels"喜欢读

小说”无先后,用一般式);

2.主动表被动的动词范围:仅want/need/require/deserve/beworth适用,其他动词不可随意套

用(错误:Thebookwantsreading;正确:Thebookisworthreading------“wantreading”虽语法

成立,但日常表达中更常用t4beworthreadings语义更自然);

3.beworth的主语限制:主语需是“事或物”,不可是人,若需表达“人值得被表扬“,需转换

主语(错误:Heisworthpraising;正确:Hisbehaviorisworthpraising)。

【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空

1.Thesingerwaspraisedfor(donate)alargeamountofmoneytohelpthepoor

childreninremoteareaslastyear.

2.Theproblem(discuss)atyesterday'smeetingisstillunderfurtherresearchbythe

company'sR&Ddepartmert.

3.Thisoldbuildingneeds(repair)assoonaspossible,assonicpartsofthewallshave

startedtofalloff.

4.Hisproposalisworth(consider)becauseitcaneffectivelyreducethecompany's

operatingcostswithoutaffectingproductquality.

5.Theyapologizedfor(notinform)usofthechangeinthemeetingtimeearlier,which

causedusalotoftrouble.

四、动名词复合结构表

此表格梳理动名词复合结构的“标准形式”与“省略形式”,明确两种形式的结构规则、

适用场景及语义功能,可用于写作中表达“某人做某事”的抽象概念,也能辅助理解长难句中

“所属关系的动名词结构,是提升句式复杂度的重要语法点。

类型结构规则适用场景示例

1.Jane'scomingtothepartymade

1.名词所有格+

作主语、表语或ushappy(作主语,强调“简的到

doing(如Jane's

宾语,正式语境来”)

doing,表“简的某动

(如书面语、学2.Theproblemishernottakingthe

标准作”)

术写作)常用,riskseriously(作表语,强调“她的

形式2.形容词物主代词

强调“动作的所不重视”)

+doing(如her

属关系”,语义更3.1reallyappreciateyourhelping

doing,表“她的某动

严谨mewiththeproject(作宾语,强调

作”)

“你的帮助”)

1.名词普通格+

doing(如Jane作表语或宾语,I.Hedoesn'tmindmeusinghis

doing,省略所有格非正式语境(如computer(作宾语,口语中常用“me

省略“飞”)口语、日常写作)using''替代"myusing")

形式2.人称代词宾珞+常用,可简化表2.ThefunnypartisTornfallingoff

doing(如medoing,达,避免结构复thebike(作表语,用“Tomfalling”

用宾格替代形容词杂替代“Tom'falling”,更简洁)

物主代词)

注意事项:

1.标准形式的主语优先:当复合结构作主语时,需用标准形式(名词所有格/形容词物主代

词+doing),不可用省略形式(错误:Janedoingmadeushappy:正确:Jane'sdoingmadeus

happy);

2.省略形式的场景限制:仪作表语或宾语时可用省略形式,作主语时不可用,避免语法错误;

3.名词所有格的特殊情况:若名词为复数(如“thestudents")或集合名词(如“theteam”),

所有格仍用“‘s"(thestudents'doing/theteam'sdoing),不可直接用普通格(错误:thestudents

doing;正确:thestudents'doing)。

【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空

1.Tom's(arrive)latefortheimportantmeetingmadethemanagerveryangrywithhim.

2.Ireallyappreciateyour(help)meprepareforthejobinterview,asyoursuggestions

wereveryuseful.

3.TheproblemisMary's(notfinish)herworkontime,whichhasdelayedtheentire

project'sprogress.

4.Theteacherdidn'tmindthestudents*(ask)questionsduringthelecture,aslongas

theyraisedtheirhandsfirst.

5.Our(complete)thetaskaheadofschedulesurprisedourboss,whooriginallythought

wewouldneedtwomoreweeks.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

一、单句语法填空:用所给单词的正确形式填空

1.(2025JL为:南京•一模)Nowtheforestryauthorityhassetupfixedwaterandhay-feedingpointsin

thereservetopreventthewildasses(starve).(所给词的适当形式填空)

2.(2023高三•上海•专题练习)Ontheirreturn,thefatheraskedhisson(explain)

whathehadlearnt.(所给词的适当形式填空)

3.(2022-J"东深圳•模拟预测)(equip)withahighereducationalbackgroundincreasesyour

chanceofhavingapromisingcareerinthefuture.(所给词的适当形式填空)

4.(2025高三上•江苏•专题练习)Itlookhimawhiletoadjustto(work)night

shifts.(所给词的适当形式填空)

5.(2022高三•上海•专题练习)Ibelievedthatmotorcycleridersweretoughandleather-wearing

loners.Theyseemed(look)fortroubleallthetime,usingtheroarofamotorcycle

enginetofrightenothersoff.(所给词的适当形式填空)

6.(2023高三•上海•专题练习)Iamlookingforwardto(receive)yourletter.

(所给词的适当形式填空)

7.(2023高三•上海••专题练习)Atthe2016Oscarceremony,DiCaprio's(win)the

awardforBestActorimpressedalltheaudiencepresent.(所给词的适当形式填空)

8.(2023高三•上海•专题练习)Manypeoplefindthatemotionscanstimulatethemtoeatwhenthey

arenothungry,whichoftenleadsto(eat)toomanycaloriesfromfoodsthathave

lownutritionalvalue.(所给词的适当形式填空)

9.(2022高三•上海•专题练习)It'sthesametoday.Ifstudentshavetherightresources

(explore)ideasfbrthemselves,manypeoplecan“teach"includingcarersandparentsduringa

pandemic(流行病).(所给词的适当形式填空)

10.(2023高三•上海•专题练习)Recyclinginthehomeisveryimportantofcourse.However,

(force)torecycleoftenmeanswealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed.(所给词的适当形式填

空)

11.(2023高三•上海•专题练习)Pickingagreatgiftrequires(know)theperson

you,regivingitto.(所给词的适当形式填空)

12.(2022高三•上海•专题练习)Learningdoesnotonlyhappenwhensomeoneolderputs

informationintothelearner'smind.Thinkabouthowoftenchildrenandevenadultslearnfromtrial

anderror,fromlearningtorideabiketo(use)anewtechnology.(所给词的适当形

式填空)

13.(2022高三•上海•专题练习)Therearesomewaystounliethemesswe'recreatingintheworld's

oceans,including(expand)ourideaofseafoodtoincludejellyfish.(所给词的适当形

式填空)

14.(2022高三•上海•专题练习)Now,wc'rconestepcloserto(find)ananswer.

AccordingtotheKeplerspacetelescope,abouthalfthestarssimilarintemperaturetoourSuncould

havearockyplanetcapableofsupportingliquidwaleronitssurface.(所给词的适当形式填空)

15.(2022高三•上海•专题练习)Onthebackofamotorcycle,(place)allyour

trustinsomeonetogetyousafelyhomeisawaytoremindyouofthelovetheyhaveforyou.(所给

词的适当形式填空)

纭含於

Passage1

(2024•广东江苏•高考真题)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正

确形式。

HealherwickStudiorecentlybuiltagreenhouseattheedgeoftheNationalTrust'sWoolbeding

Gardens.Thisbeautifulstructure,namedGlasshouse,isalthecentreofanewgardenthatshowshow

theSilkRoadinfluencesEnglishgardenseveninmodemtimes.

Thelatest](engineer)techniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotective

2(function)structurethatisalsobeautiful.Thedesignfeaturestensteel“sepals(萼片)”

madeofglassandaluminium(铝).Thesesepalsopenonwarmdays3(give)the

insideplantssunshineandfreshair.Incoldweather,thestructurestays4(close)

toprotecttheplants.

Further,(heSilkRouteGardenaroundthegreenhouse5(walk)visitors

throughajourneyinfluencedbytheancientSilkRoad,bywhichsilkaswellasmanyplantspecies

cametoBritainfor6firsttime.TheseplantsincludedmodernWestern7

(favourite)suchasrosemary,lavenderandfennel.Thegardenalsocontainsawindingpaththat

guidesvisitorsthroughthetwelveregionsoftheSilkRoad.Thepathoffersover300plantspeciesfor

visitorstosee,too.

TheGlasshousestands8agreatachievementincontemporarydesign,to

housetheplantsofthesouthwesternpartofChinaattheendofapathretracing(追溯)thesteps

alongtheSilkRoute9brought(heplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatocome

todefinemuchofthe10(rich)ofgardeninginEngland.

Passage2

(2023•上海•高考真题)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethe

passagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,Jillineachblankwith

theproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

2022GuidetoIndependentSchools

DucovtrprivateschoolsinCrMterBostonandbeyond.

IDEAS|NICHOLASCHAIN

Whendoctorsknowthattheydontknow

>yMciCkMl——⑶-fllf»@,

Doctorsarcscientistswhooperateinaworldofstatistics,oddsandprobability.Yetthey've

longbeentaughtthatwhendealingwithpatientstheyshouldconveyareassuringlevelofconfidence

andcertainty.],patientsexpecttheirdoctorstogivethemacleardiagnosisanda

straightforwardcourseoftreatment.Butnowthatinfonnationabouteverymedicalcondition

imaginableisjustafewclicksaway,expertsareaskingwhetherdoctors5apparent2

whencommunicatingwiththeirpatientsactuallydoesmoreharmthangood.Withtheinformation

overloadbroughtbytheprogressofmedicineandtechnologyanswersare3black

orwhite.

Medicalschoolsarconlyjuststartingtoteachdoctorshowtodealwiththis,andpaticnts,

expectationshaven't4,either.

“Medicinehasalwaysfallenshortofthesortofcertaintythatwefindinmathandgeometry^^,

saysDr.RossUpshur,aresearcherattheDaliaLanaSchoolofPublicHealthinToronto.uIfyou

thinkaboutknowledgeandwhatitdoes,it'sabout5uncertainty,notaboutcreating

certainty.M

Doctorsintraining,likegamblers,needtobe6workinginafieldinwhich

they,reconstantlyweighingtheoddsbasedonamyriadoffactors.WhenUpshurteachesmedical

studentshowtodiagno

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