核心素养测评（选择性必修第二册Unit5FirstAid）

核心素养测评(25分钟25分)二十六选择性必修第二册Unit5FirstdⅠ.阅读理解(共4小题;每小题2.5分,满分10分)(2025·名师原创)DoctorshavetransplantedapigkidneyintoaNewJerseywomanwhowasneardeath,partofadramaticprofsurgeriesthatalsostabilizedherflingheart.LisaPisano’scombinationofheartandkidneyflurelefthertoosicktoqualifyforatraditionaltransplant,andoutofoptions.ThendoctorsatNYULangoneHealthdesignedanovelone-twopunch:Implantamechanicalpumptokeepherheartbeatinganddayslatertransplantakidneyfromageneticallymodifiedpig.Pisanoisrecoveringwell,theNYUteamannouncedWednesday.She’sonlythesecondpatientevertoreceiveapigkidney—followingalandmarktransplantlastmonthatMassachusettsGeneralHospital—andthelatestinastringofattemptstomakeanimal-to-humantransplantationareality.Thisweek,the54-year-oldgraspedawalkerandtookherfirstfewsteps.“Iwasattheendofmyrope,”PisanotoldTheAssociatedPress.“Ijusttookachance.Andyouknow,worstcasescenario(设想),ifitdidn’tworkforme,itmighthaveworkedforsomeoneelseanditcouldhavehelpedthenextperson.”Dr.RobertMontgomery,directorofNYULangoneTransplantInstitute,recountedcheersintheoperatingroomastheorganimmediatelystartedfunctioning.“It’sbeentransformative,”Montgomerysdoftheexperiment’searlyresults.But“we’renotoffthehookyet,”cautionedDr.NaderMoazami,theNYUheartsurgeonwhoimplantedtheheartpump.“WiththissurgeryIgettoseemywifesmileagn,”Pisano’shusbandToddsdWednesday.Othertransplantexpertsarecloselywatchinghowthepatientimproves.“Ihavetocongratulatethem,”sdDr.TatsuoKawofMassGeneral,whonotedthathisownpigkidneypatientwashealthieroverallgoingintohisoperationthanNYU’spatient.“Whentheheartfunctionisbad,it’sreallydifficulttodoakidneytransplant.”【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道,一个妇女在进行心脏泵植入的同时,接受了肾移植。手术很成功。1.WhatisspecialaboutPisano’ssituation?A.Heroperationwassuccessful.B.Sheisabitoldforthissurgery.C.Bothherheartandkidneyfled.D.Whatshereceivedisapigkidney.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段中“LisaPisano’scombinationofheartandkidneyflurelefthertoosicktoqualifyforatraditionaltransplant”可知,Pisano的心脏和肾脏同时衰竭,不适合做肾脏移植手术,这是很特殊的情况。故选C。2.WhatdoesDr.RobertMontgomerythinkofthistransplantation?A.Risky. B.Difficult.C.Experimental. D.Revolutionary.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第五段中“It’sbeentransformative”可知,RobertMontgomery博士认为,这个移植案例是革命性的。故选D。3.WhatdoweknowaboutDr.TatsuoKaw?A.HethinkstheNYUpatientneedswatching.B.HeisaheartsurgeoninNewYorkUniversity.C.Hefinishedapigkidneytransplantlastmonth.D.Heexpressedconcernforthepatient’srecovery.【解析】选C。推理判断题。结合第三段中“followingalandmarktransplantlastmonthatMassachusettsGeneralHospital”和最后一段中“...Dr.TatsuoKawofMassGeneral,whonotedthathisownpigkidneypatientwashealthieroverallgoingintohisoperationthanNYU’spatient.”可知,第三段中提到的麻省综合医院的那次移植手术,就是最后一段中提到的Dr.TatsuoKaw进行的。故选C。4.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthistext?A.NYUPerformsPigKidneyTransplantB.NYULeadstheKidneyTransplantationC.AWomanMagicallySurvivedHeartFlureD.TheFirstAnimal-humanKidneyTransplant【解析】选A。标题归纳题。本文是一篇医学新闻,报道了纽约大学给一个心脏和肾脏都有问题的病人进行了心脏植入泵手术,紧接着又把一个猪的肾脏移植到了她身体里。能够概括以上内容的标题是A选项。Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)(2024·广西河池模拟)OnthedayafterThanksgiving,AllisonScottandherboyfriend,AlfredValdivia,Jr.,madethedecisiontoheaduptoBigBearLakeinCaliforniaforalast-minutecampingtrip.Thecouplepackeduptheir5andbroughtalongtheirdogfortheplannedovernight,neveronceimaginingthattheywereactuallysettingoutona(n)6missionforamanthey’dnevermet.

AllisonandAlfred7acampingspotbetweenBigBearLakeandAngelusOaks.Theywererelaxingwhen,suddenly,alow-flyingplane8theirattention.Astheplanewentby,theyheardaman’svoicecallingoutforhelpsomewherenearby.9,theytrackedthesoundtoaridgeline(山脊线),andatthebottomofthehill,amannamedEricwas10.

“Hehadastickwithawaterbottleonittryingtosignal.Hecouldn’t11.Hisfeetwereextremelyswollenand12justfromwalkingsomuch,andpossiblythecoldwherehewas,”Allisonrecalled.

AllisonandAlfredclimbeddowntoEricandlearnedthathe’d13fromhishomeinOceansidetwoweeksearlier.Nooneknewwherehewas,andnoonewaslookingforhim.Hedoesn’townacellphone,either.He’dmanagedto14forthepast14dayseatingonlyhalfajarofsalsahe’dbroughtalongforthehike.

Erictoldthecoupleitwasa“Thanksgivingmiracle”they’d15himatallwhenhewasextremelyweakandhungry.Then,AlfredcomfortedhimandAllisonusedhercellphonetocall911,andwithin15minutesarescuehelicopterarrivedtorliftthe16mantosafety.

OnceErichadbeen17evacuated(撤离),AllisonandAlfredcontinuedontheircampingtripasplanned.Later,Allison18Ericdowntocheckonhim.He19thecoupledinnerwouldbeonhimnexttimetheyfindthemselvesinOceanside!

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Allison和她的男友Alfred在感恩节后去露营时,意外发现并救助了被困在山中的Eric。Eric因脚部严重肿胀和感染而无法行走。Allison和Alfred帮助他联系了救援,最终Eric被救出。事后,Eric感谢这对情侣,并承诺将来请他们吃饭。5.A.clothing B.foodC.equipment D.entertnment【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意:这对情侣收拾好装备,带上了他们的狗,准备进行计划中的夜间行动,从来没有想过他们实际上是在为一个素未谋面的人执行救援任务。clothing服装;food食物;equipment装备;entertnment娱乐。根据上文“OnthedayafterThanksgiving,AllisonScottandherboyfriend,AlfredValdivia,Jr.,madethedecisiontoheaduptoBigBearLakeinCaliforniaforalast-minutecampingtrip.”可推知,临时决定外出露营的两人应该是收拾好露营的装备。故选C。6.A.fight B.rescueC.interest D.adventure【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意:这对情侣收拾好装备,带上了他们的狗,准备进行计划中的夜间行动,从来没有想过他们实际上是在为一个素未谋面的人执行救援任务。fight战斗;rescue救援;interest兴趣;adventure冒险。根据下文叙述的Allison和Alfred发现被困的Eric,并为他联系救援可知,他们是为一个素未谋面的人执行救援任务。故选B。7.A.picked B.noticedC.fetched D.observed【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意:Allison和Alfred在大熊湖和AngelusOaks之间选了个露营地。picked挑选;noticed注意到;fetched取来;observed观察。根据下文“acampingspotbetweenBigBearLakeandAngelusOaks”和“Theywererelaxing”可推知,他们是选了个露营地,然后开始放松。故选A。8.A.pdB.keptC.gaveD.caught【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意:他们正在放松,突然,一架低空飞行的飞机引起了他们的注意。pd支付;kept保持;gave给予;caught吸引。根据上文“alow-flyingplane”和下文“theirattention”可推知,正在露营的两人被低空飞行的飞机吸引了注意力。故选D。9.A.Curious B.DelightedC.Frightened D.Embarrassed【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:出于好奇,他们顺着声音追踪到一条山脊线,在山脚下,一个名叫Eric的人被困住了。curious好奇的;delighted高兴的;frightened害怕的;embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文“Astheplanewentby,theyheardaman’svoicecallingoutforhelpsomewherenearby.”可知,两人听到附近有一个男人的声音在呼救,因此出于好奇去追踪声音。故选A。10.A.called B.trappedC.helped D.absorbed【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意:出于好奇,他们顺着声音追踪到一条山脊线,在山脚下,一个名叫Eric的人被困住了。called呼叫;trapped困住;helped帮助;absorbed吸收。根据下文“Hisfeetwereextremelyswollen”可知,Eric的脚极度肿胀,因此是被困在了山脚下。故选B。11.A.drink B.eat C.talk D.walk【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意:他不能走路。drink喝;eat吃;talk谈话;walk走路。根据下文“Hisfeetwereextremelyswollen”可知,Eric的脚极度肿胀,因此他不能走路。故选D。12.A.infected B.influencedC.impressed D.improved【解析】选A。考查词义辨析。句意:他的脚因为走了太多路而极度肿胀和感染,可能还因为他所在的地方太冷了。infected感染;influenced影响;impressed给……留下印象;improved改善。根据上文“Hisfeetwereextremelyswollen”和下文“justfromwalkingsomuch”可推知,因为走了很多的路,Eric的脚极度肿胀,而且受了感染。故选A。13.A.gaveout B.putoutC.setout D.letout【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意:Allison和Alfred爬到Eric身边,得知他两周前从他在欧申赛德的家出发。gaveout分发;putout熄灭;setout出发;letout放出。根据下文“fromhishomeinOceansidetwoweeksearlier”可推知,Eric是两周前从家出发的。故选C。14.A.breathe B.acknowledgeC.compete D.survive【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意:在过去的14天里,他只吃了半罐他为徒步旅行带来的辣番茄酱,试图生存下来。breathe呼吸;acknowledge承认;compete竞争;survive生存。根据下文“eatingonlyhalfajarofsalsahe’dbroughtalongforthehike”可知,Eric只吃了半罐他为徒步旅行带来的辣番茄酱,因此是在努力生存下来。故选D。15.A.served B.discoveredC.assisted D.comforted【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意:Eric告诉这对夫妇,在他极度虚弱和饥饿的时候,他们发现了他,这是一个“感恩节奇迹”。served服务;discovered发现;assisted协助;comforted安慰。根据上文“theytrackedthesoundtoaridgeline,andatthebottomofthehill,amannamedEricwas______”可知,两人是发现了Eric。故选B。

16.A.starving B.healthyC.uneasy D.confused【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:然后,Alfred安慰他