中考完形填空专项复习讲义（含答案）

中考完形填空专项复习讲义一、题型介绍完形填空是中考英语的重要题型之一，通常在一篇约200-250词的短文中设置10-15个空白。要求考生根据上下文语境、语法规则、词汇搭配、逻辑关系等，从所给的选项中选出最佳答案，使短文意思通顺、结构完整。它不仅考查词汇和语法，更侧重考查语篇理解和综合语言运用能力。二、核心解题策略@通读全文，把握主旨：不要急于做题，先快速通读全文1-2遍（跳过空白），了解文章大意、主题、基本情节、人物关系和作者态度。这是解题的基础。@瞻前顾后，寻找线索：仔细阅读空白处所在的句子及其上下文。寻找解题线索，包括：词汇复现：相同的词、同义词、近义词、反义词、相关词。逻辑关系：因果关系(because,so,therefore)、转折关系(but,however,although)、递进关系(also,besides,furthermore)、时间顺序(first,then,finally)等。注意连接词。语法结构：时态、语态、主谓一致、固定搭配、从句引导词等。语义连贯：选项填入后，句子意思是否通顺，是否符合上下文逻辑。@先易后难，各个击破：遇到一时难以确定的题目，先做标记跳过，继续做后面的题目。有时后面的信息会为前面的题目提供线索。全部做完后再回头解决难题。代入验证，复查全文：所有选项初步选定后，将答案代入原文，再次通读全文，检查是否语义连贯、逻辑通顺、语法正确。这是避免失误的关键一步。三、考点分类精讲与原创练习考点一：上下文理解与逻辑推理(Context&Logic)特征：答案的选择高度依赖对上下文信息的理解和逻辑关系的判断。线索可能在前文、后文或需要综合推断。技巧：仔细阅读空白前后的句子，理解其内在联系（因果、转折、递进、时间等），注意代词所指对象，体会作者的情感态度。原创练习(Passage1):ItwasasunnyMondaymorning.Astheschoolbellrang,studentsrushedintotheclassroom.Todaywasthedayfortheannualschoolsportsmeeting.Everyonewasexcited,especiallyTom,whohadbeenpracticingforthelongjumpforweeks.However,justbeforetheeventstarted,Tom___1____hisanklewhilewarmingup.Hisfriendsquickly___2____himtotheschoolclinic.Thedoctorsaiditwasnotserious,butTomcouldn’tparticipate.Feelingdisappointed,Tomsatonthebench.Suddenly,hisbestfriendMikecametohimandsaid,“Don’tworry,Tom.I___3____foryou!”Mikewasn’tgoodatlongjump,buthetriedhisbest.___4____theend,Mikewonthethirdprize.Tomwastouchedandrealizedthatfriendshipwasmoreimportantthanwinning.1.A.hurtB.cutC.brokeD.hit2.A.carriedB.pushedC.pulledD.led3.A.jumpB.jumpedC.willjumpD.amjumping4.A.OnB.AtC.InD.By答案与解析：1.A.hurt(hurt常指“扭伤”，符合运动受伤的语境。cut“割伤”，broke“折断”，hit“击中”均不如hurt贴切。)2.A.carried(朋友帮助受伤的Tom去诊所，carried“抬着、搀扶”最符合场景。pushed“推”，pulled“拉”，led“带领”都不够体贴受伤的情况。)3.B.jumped(Mike说的话发生在过去，且他后来确实跳了，所以用过去时jumped。willjump是将来时，amjumping是现在进行时，都不符合过去的语境。)4.C.In(固定搭配“intheend”表示“最终、最后”。)考点二：固定搭配与习惯用语(Collocations&Idioms)特征：答案往往是某个动词、名词或形容词的固定搭配（如动词短语、介词短语、名词短语）。技巧：熟记常见搭配。注意空格前后的词，看它们是否构成固定表达。原创练习(Passage2):Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,electriccarsarebecomingmorepopular.Theyare___5____fortheenvironmentbecausetheydon’tproduceharmfulgases.Lastmonth,ourcity___6____anewpolicytoencouragepeopletouseelectriccars.Thosewhobuyelectriccarscangetasubsidy.Myfatherdecidedtobuyone.Hesaid,“Althoughitisabitexpensivenow,itwill___7____moneyinthelongrunbecauseelectricityischeaperthangasoline.”Healsoaddedthat___8___everyoneusescleanenergy,ourcitywillhavefresherair.5.A.worseB.betterC.similarD.common6.A.announcedB.inventedC.discoveredD.described7.A.wasteB.saveC.costD.borrow8.A.untilB.ifC.unlessD.because答案与解析：B.better(根据后文“不产生有害气体”，电动车对环境“更好”。)A.announced(城市“宣布”一项政策。invent“发明”，discover“发现”，describe“描述”均不适用。)7.B.save(固定搭配“savemoney”省钱。虽然初期贵，但长远看用电比油便宜，所以是“省钱”。)8.B.if(引导条件状语从句，“如果”大家都用清洁能源，城市空气会更好。until“直到”，unless“除非”，because“因为”逻辑不通。)考点三：语法结构运用(GrammarStructures)特征：涉及时态、语态、非谓语动词、从句（定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句）、主谓一致、比较级等语法点。技巧：分析句子结构，明确空白处在句子中的语法成分，根据语法规则选择正确答案。原创练习(Passage3):Mid-AutumnFestivalisatraditionalChinesefestival.Itiscelebratedonthe15thdayoftheeighthlunarmonth.Onthisday,familiesgettogetherandenjoythefullmoon.Theyalsoeatmooncakes,___9____areroundanddelicious.Thisyear,mygrandmothertaughtmehowtomakemooncakes.Shesaid,“Inthepast,mooncakes___10____madeathome,butnowmostpeoplebuythemfromstores.”ShealsotoldmealegendaboutChang’eflyingtothemoon.IwassointerestedthatI___11____astoryaboutitformyEnglishhomework.Myteachersaiditwas___12____andgavemeanA.9.A.whoB.whenC.whichD.where10.A.areB.wereC.willbeD.havebeen11.A.writeB.wroteC.willwriteD.amwriting12.A.boringB.simpleC.creativeD.difficult答案与解析：C.which(引导非限制性定语从句，修饰mooncakes，且mooncakes是物，用which。who指人，when/where分别指时间和地点。)10.B.were(根据“Inthepast”判断，用一般过去时被动语态weremade。)11.B.wrote(描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时wrote。)12.C.creative(老师给了A等，说明故事写得好，“有创意的”符合语境。boring“无聊的”，simple“简单的”，difficult“困难的”都不合适。)考点四：词汇辨析与运用(Vocabulary&Usage)特征：选项是意思相近或形式相似的词（近义词、形近词），需要根据语境和词义细微差别选择最贴切的词。技巧：理解每个选项的确切含义和常见用法，结合上下文语境判断哪个词填入后最符合句意。原创练习(Passage4):WhenIwasinprimaryschool,Iwasveryshyand___13____spokeinclass.Oneday,myteacherencouragedmetojointhespeechcontest.Iwasnervousbutdecidedtotry.Ipracticedeverydayafterschool.___14____thedayofthecontest,Iwasstillscared.However,whenIsawmyteachersmilingatme,Ifeltmoreconfident.Itookadeepbreathandstartedmyspeech.Tomysurprise,Iwonfirstprize!Thisexperiencetaughtmethatcourageisnottheabsenceoffear,___15____doingsomethingdespitefear.NowIoften___16____mystorywithmyclassmatestoencouragethem.13.A.alwaysB.oftenC.neverD.sometimes14.A.OnB.AtC.InD.For15.A.andB.soC.butD.or16.A.shareB.sharedC.willshareD.amsharing答案与解析：C.never(根据“veryshy”，推断在课堂上“从不”发言。always“总是”，often“经常”，sometimes“有时”都不符合害羞的性格。)A.On(表示具体某一天用介词on，“在比赛那天”。)C.but(句子表达“勇气不是没有恐惧，而是尽管恐惧仍然去做某事”，but表示转折关系。)16.A.share(描述现在经常性的行为，用一般现在时share。)四、综合提升训练尝试独立完成以下综合题，运用以上所有策略：原创练习(Passage5):Thelittlelibraryinourneighborhoodparkwasaquietplace.OldMr.Green___17____itforyears.Onerainyafternoon,Ifoundabooktherewithahandwrittennoteinside:“Tothefinder:Thisbookchangedmylife.Ihopeitdoesthesameforyou.”Itwassigned“AGratefulReader”.Thisdiscovery___18____me.Istartedreadingthebookimmediately.Itwasaboutkindnessandhelpingothers.___19____Ifinishedit,Ifeltinspiredtodosomethinggood.Idecidedto___20____someofmy