高考英语一轮复习 板块1 教材复习 Bo5 Unit 1　Great scientists

GreatscientistsBOOK5

Unit1内容索引·Part1清单式背诵——主干知识一遍过清单一

词表词汇速记清单二

教材词句盘点·Part2学案式检测——背诵效果速评估·Part3层级式精练——单元要点全练通层级一

重难点练透层级二

基础点练全层级三

主题写作升华1.putforward

提出(建议)(raise)；推荐；将……提前；将(钟表等)向前拨putaside把……放在一边；储存；留出时间；不理会，忽视putaway放好；积蓄putdown放下；镇压；写下；付定金putoff延期；推迟putout扑灭；生产，制造putup举起；搭建，建造；提供食宿；张贴putupwith忍受；容忍putthrough接通电话；完成eg.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Sowouldyoupleasesparesometimetoreviewthedraftscriptattachedtothisemailandputforwardyourownideas？(求助信)那么，请您抽出一些时间来修改一下这封电子邮件所附的手稿草稿，并提出您自己的想法好吗？2.conclude

vt.&vi.结束(close)；推断出，得出结论(reasonout)•conclude...from从……推断出……conclude(fromsth)that...(从某事中)推断……conclude...with/bydoingsth...以……结束……toconclude最后•conclusionn.结论；结束cometo/reach/draw/arriveataconclusion得出结论bring...toaconclusion使……结束makeaconclusion下结论inconclusion总而言之eg.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Inconclusion，myEnglishteacheristhepersonIrespectmost.(人物介绍)总之，我的英语老师是我最尊敬的人。【联想】表示“总而言之”的其他表达方式还有：inshort，inbrief，inaword，allinall，tosumup，briefly(speaking)，onthewhole3.attend

vt.照顾；护理(carefor)；出席；参加(participatein)；专心；留意(payattention)•attendameeting/alecture/awedding/class参加会议/听讲座/参加婚礼/上课attend(on/upon)sb伺候某人；照顾某人attendto处理(生意或个人事务)；照料(某人)；接待(顾客)；专心；注意(to为介词)•attendancen.出席；到场；参加eg.(全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Withanimportantmeetingtoattend，Ican’tgotothebookstorewithyou.(道歉信)

我有一个重要的会议要参加，不能和你一起去书店了。4.expose

vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临，使遭受(危险或不快)；使接触；使体验•exposesth/sb/oneselfto...使某物/某人/自己暴露或置身于……•exposedadj.无遮蔽的；不遮挡风雨的；无保护的beexposedto暴露于；遭受到；(使)接触到•exposuren.暴露；面临，遭受(危险或不快)；揭露eg.(2020·浙江7月卷)Heexposedhissharpteeth，glaringatusasheranforward.(动作描写)他暴露自己锋利的牙齿，一边怒视我们一边向前跑。【点拨】在expose...to...和beexposedto结构中，to为介词，其后要用名词、代词或动名词作宾语。【同义】disclose，exhibit，uncover，bringout5.curen.[C]治愈；痊愈；药物；疗法；措施

vt.治愈；治疗；解决；改掉(坏习惯)•acureforsth针对……的治疗acureforpoverty解决贫困问题的措施beyondcure无可救药•curesbofsth治愈某人的病；改掉某人的坏习惯6.challengen.挑战

vt.向……挑战；对……质疑•face/respondtothechallenge面对/回应挑战accept/takeup/onachallenge接受挑战•challengesbtosth向某人挑战某事challengesbtodosth向某人挑战做某事challengeaview质疑某个观点•challengingadj.具有挑战性的eg.(2022·苏州模拟)Usedtotakingupchallenges,Sadiyawasdeterminedtodosomethingforthechildren.萨迪亚习惯于接受挑战，决心为孩子们做点什么。7.absorb

vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；使并入；吞并；理解；掌握；使缓冲•absorb/attract/drawone’sattention吸引某人的注意absorb...from...从……中吸收……o...把……吸收进……absorboneselfin...使全神贯注•absorbedadj.全神贯注的(be/get)absorbedin...全神贯注于……，专心于……eg.(浙江6月卷)Absorbedin/AbsorbingmyselfinpractisingEnglish，IhavedevelopedfluencyinspokenEnglish.(申请信)专心练习英语，我的英语口语非常流利。【点拨】(be/get)absorbedin...结构在句中作定语、状语时，常用其过去分词形式“absorbedin...”。类似的结构还有：belostin,becaughtin,beburiedin,bedevotedto,beinvolvedin等。【同义】suck，takein，occupy，understand，grasp8.suspect

vt.认为；怀疑

n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯

adj.不可信的；可疑的•suspectthat...怀疑……；觉得……suspectsbof(doing)sth怀疑某人(做过)某事suspectsbtobe...怀疑某人是……•asuspectpackage可疑包裹9.blame

vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于

n.过失；责备•blamesb/sthfor(doing)sth为某事/物责备某人blamesthonsb/sth把某事归咎于某人/事betoblame(forsth)(为某事)承担责任；该(为……)受责备•lay/puttheblameon把……归咎于……【点拨】betoblame不能用被动语态，该短语用主动语态表示被动含义。10.link

vt.&n.连接；联系(connect)link...to/with...将……和……联系或连接起来linkupwith与……联合；使与……衔接eg.(2022·南京模拟)Theystayedlinkedtightlyandmanagedtoensuretheyweresafebymakingtheirfeetfirmlyplantedinthesand.他们紧紧地联系在一起，并设法确保他们的脚牢牢地插在沙子里，从而确保他们的安全。11.announcevt.宣布；通告；宣告(决定、计划等)；(尤指通过广播)通知•announcesth(tosb)(向某人)宣布、通告某事announcethat...宣布……；通知……Itis/wasannouncedthat...据宣布……•announcementn.[C]通知；通告[U]宣布；宣告makeanannouncement宣布通告•announcern.广播员；播音员【联想】后缀－ment构成的抽象名词：movement移动；运动；development发展disappointment失望；excitement兴奋improvement改善；treatment对待；judgment判断12.instructvt.命令；指示；教导•instructsbtodosth命令某人做某事instructsbin(doing)sth指导某人(做)某事instructsbthat...(should)dosth命令……(宾语从句中用虚拟语气)•instructiveadj.指示性的，有教育意义的instructionn.指导；指示；(常用复数形式)用法说明13.constructionn.[U]建设；修建；[C]建筑物•(be)underconstruction正在建设中•constructvt.建设；修建constructiveadj.建设性的；有助益的；积极的eg.(天津卷书面表达)What’smore,Iwillemailyouourtrainingplansoon,hopingyoucanoffersomeconstructivesuggestionsregardingit.(求助信)更重要的是，我会尽快将我们的培训计划电邮给你，希望你能提供一些建设性的建议。14.contributevt.&vi.捐献；贡献；捐助；投稿；导致•contribute(sth)to...(把某物)捐献给……；给……投稿contributeto有助于；导致；投稿•contributionn.捐献；贡献；稿件makeacontribution/contributionsto对……做出贡献(to为介词)eg.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Iamdeterminedtostudyhard，tobeausefulpersontothecountryandtocontributetotheimprovementofpeople’slives.

我决定努力学习，成为一个对社会有用的人，并且促进人们改善生活。【同义】donate；givesthaway；support；assist15.makesense讲得通；有意义；有道理•makesenseof理解；明白makenosense没道理；没意义•inasense在某一方面；就某种意义来说innosense决不(位于句首时用部分倒装)Thereisnosense(in)doingsth.做某事是没有道理的。eg.Worsestill,severalpagesinthebookaremissing,whichmakesitimpossibleformetomakesenseofthebook.(投诉信)

更糟糕的是，书里少了几页，这让我无法理解这本书。16.enthusiastic

adj.热情的；热心的•beenthusiasticabout(doing)sth热衷于(做)某事•enthusiasmn.热情；热心enthusiasticallyadv.热情地；热心地eg.(北京卷书面表达)Additionally,nowthatyouareenthusiasticabouttheChineseculture,whynottakeuphistoryasyourmajor？(建议信)

另外，既然你对中国文化很感兴趣，为什么不把历史作为你的专业呢？17.cautiousadj.小心的；谨慎的；细心的•becautiousof/about(doing)sth谨防……•cautiouslyadv.小心地；谨慎地•cautionn.小心；谨慎withcaution仔细地eg.(江苏卷书面表达)Itseemsweshouldbecautiousaboutratings.看来我们应该对评级保持谨慎。1.gatherinformation收集信息2.makefurtherinvestigations做进一步调查3.acloudofgas一团气体4.findsupportingevidence找到有力的证据5.topreventthisfromhappeningagain为了防止这种情况再次发生6.bepassedfromparentstotheirchildren(某物)由父母传给子女7.researchintoadisease对一种疾病的研究8.anoutbreakofcholera霍乱爆发9.doscientificjob做科学工作10.workexperience工作经验11.developasevereillness得了一种严重的疾病12.thefireworksdisplay烟火表演13.thecentreofthesolarsystem太阳系的中心14.forthatreason由于那个原因15.goroundtheearth围着地球转16.onthebasis基于1.Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.(形式主语it；betoblame)

看来水是罪魁祸首。2.Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingroundit...(with复合结构)

他把一个固定的太阳放在太阳系的中心位置，别的行星都围绕着太阳转动……3.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.(only位于句首的部分倒装)只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。1.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.

所以每次爆发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人病死。句型公式|everytime引导时间状语从句可引导时间状语从句的其他名词短语：(1)由time构成的名词词组：eachtime，thefirst/lasttime，nexttime，anytime等。(2)the＋瞬间名词：theminute，theinstant，themoment等，意为“一……就……”。①IdohopethatyoucanpayavisittomyhometowneverytimeyoucometoChina.我真的希望你每次来中国都能来我的家乡参观。②(全国卷Ⅰ)ThefirsttimeIwentthere，theywerelivinginasmallhousewithdogs，ducks，andotheranimals.我第一次去那里时，他们和狗、鸭和其他动物住在一所小房子里。③Becareful!Themachinestartsthemomentyoupressthebutton.小心！你一按按钮，机器就启动了。2.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.

人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。句型公式|neither...nor...(1)neither...nor...“既不……也不……”，连接句中两个相同的句子成分。连接主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。(2)遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词：·either...or...要么……要么……·notonly...butalso...不仅……而且……·not...but...不是……而是……①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Withoutmotivation，youcanneithersetagoalnorreachit.没有动力，你既无法设定目标，也无法实现它。②Lastyear，neithertheexpertsnorthephysicianwasenthusiasticaboutthecurefortheseveredisease.去年，无论是专家还是医生都对这种严重疾病的治疗不感兴趣。③Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentswereinstructednottobeexposedtothesunforalongtimelastsummer.去年夏天，老师和学生都被要求不要长时间暴露在阳光下。(限时20分钟)课内基础达标——英汉互译1.____________vt.打败；战胜；使受挫

n.失败2.____________adj.熟练的；经验或知识丰富的

n.专家；行家3.____________vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加4.____________vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光5.______________n.治愈；痊愈

vt.治愈；治疗defeatexpertattendexposeⅠ.单词过关检测cure6.______________vt.吸收；吸引；使专心7.______________vt.认为；怀疑

n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯8.______________vt.预见；预知9.______________vt.责备；谴责

n.过失；责备10.______________n.柄；把手

vt.处理；操纵absorbsuspectforeseeblamehandle11.pumpn. ________________________

vt. ________________________12.fireworkn. ________________________13.chartn. ________________________14.enthusiasticadj. ________________________15.spinvi.&vt. ________________________16.infectvt. ________________________17.deadlyadj. ________________________18.cluen. ________________________泵；抽水机(用泵)抽(水)烟火(燃放)图表热情的；热心的(使)旋转；纺(线或纱)感染；传染致命的线索；提示1.paintvt.&vi.绘画；涂

n.油漆；绘画颜料→____________n.画家；油漆匠→____________n.油画；水彩画2.sciencen.科学→____________n.科学家→____________adj.科学的3.concludevt.&vi.结束；推断出→____________n.结论；结束4.analysevt.分析→____________n.分析；分解5.infectvt.传染；感染→____________adj.传染的→____________n.感染；传染；传染病painterpainting课外拓展延伸——词形变换scientistscientificconclusionanalysisinfectiousinfection6.attendvt.照顾；护理；出席；参加→____________n.出席；到场；参加7.exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光→____________adj.无遮蔽的；不遮挡风雨的；无保护的→____________n.暴露；面临，遭受(危险或不快)；揭露8.challengen.挑战

vt.向……挑战→____________adj.具有挑战性的9.absorbvt.吸收；吸引；使专心→____________adj.专心致志的10.investigatevt.&vi.调查→____________n.调查11.pollutevt.污染；弄脏→____________n.受污染的→____________n.污染12.announcevt.宣布；通告→____________n.播音员；广播员→_____________n.通知；宣告attendanceexposedexposurechallengingabsorbedinvestigationpollutedpollutionannouncerannouncement13.certainadj.确实的；肯定的→____________n.确信；确实→____________adv.确定；肯定14.instructvt.命令；指示；教导→____________n.指导；指示；用法说明→____________adj.指示性的；有教育意义的15.responsibleadj.有责任的；负责的→____________n.责任；负责16.constructvt.建设；修建→____________n.建设；建筑物→____________adj.建设性的；有助益的；积极的17.contributevt.&vi.捐献；贡献；捐助→____________n.捐献；贡献certaintycertainlyinstructioninstructiveresponsibilityconstructionconstructivecontribution18.movev.移动；运动→____________n.移动；运动；动作19.enthusiasticadj.热情的；热心的→________________adv.热情地；热心地→____________n.热情；热心20.cautionn.小心；谨慎→____________adj.小心的，谨慎的→____________adv.小心地；谨慎地21.rejectvt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃→____________n.拒绝；抛弃22.universen.宇宙；世界→____________adj.普遍的；宇宙的→____________adv.普遍地movemententhusiasticallyenthusiasmcautiouscautiouslyrejectionuniversaluniversallyⅡ.短语词块过关检测1.________________________提出2.________________________使显露；暴露3.________________________决定做某事4.________________________讲得通；有意义5.________________________对……严格的6.________________________应受谴责/责备7.________________________调查putforwardexpose...tobedeterminedtodosthmakesensebestrictwith...betoblame课内基础达标——英汉互译lookinto8.________________导致；通向9.slowdown ____________________________10.apartfrom ____________________________11.link...to... ____________________________12.acloudofgas ____________________________13.gatherinformation ____________________________14.makefurtherinvestigations ____________________________15.thecentreofthesolarsystem____________________________leadto慢下来除……之外；此外将……和……联系或连接起来一团气体收集信息做进一步调查太阳系的中心1.__________________________放好；积蓄2.______________________________________得出结论3.__________________________处理；照料；接待；专心；注意4.__________________________针对……的治疗5.___________________________________接受挑战6.__________________________使全神贯注7.__________________________怀疑某人(做过)某事putawaycometo/reach/draw/arriveataconclusionattendtoacureforsthaccept/takeupachallengeabsorboneselfin...suspectsbof(doing)sth课外拓展延伸——英汉互译8.________________把某事归咎于某人9.linkupwith _____________________________10.instructsbtodosth _____________________________11.contributeto _____________________________12.inasense _____________________________13.beenthusiasticabout(doing)sth _____________________________14.becautiousof/about(doing)sth _____________________________blamesthonsb与……联合；使与……衔接命令某人做某事有助于；导致；投稿在某一方面；就某种意义来说热衷于(做)某事谨防……Ⅲ.句式过关检测1.看来水是罪魁祸首。(betoblame) Itseemedthat________________________.2.他把一个固定的太阳放在太阳系的中心位置，别的行星都围绕着太阳转动……(with的复合结构) Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystem_____________________________...课内基础达标——补全句子thewaterwastoblamewiththeplanetsgoingroundit3.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。(only位于句首的部分倒装) ___________________________________________oftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.4.所以每次爆发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人病死。(everytime引导时间状语从句) Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeopledied______________________________.5.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。(neither...nor...) _____________________________wasunderstood.OnlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementseverytimetherewasanoutbreakNeitheritscausenoritscure课外拓展延伸——补全句子1.我真的希望你每次来中国都能来我的家乡参观。(everytime引导时间状语从句) Idohopethatyoucanpayavisittomyhometown_____________________________.2.没有动力，你既无法设定目标，也无法实现它。(neither...nor...) Withoutmotivation，___________________________________.everytimeyoucometoChinayoucanneithersetagoalnorreachit3.那么，请您抽出一些时间来修改一下这封电子邮件所附的手稿草稿，并提出您自己的想法好吗？(putforward) Sowouldyoupleasesparesometimetoreviewthedraftscriptattachedtothisemailand____________________________?4.我有一个重要的会议要参加，不能和你一起去书店了。(with复合结构；attend) ____________________________________，Ican’tgotothebookstorewithyou.putforwardyourownideasWithanimportantmeetingtoattend1.expose用法个个清——练用法/写美句①Wewanttoexposethekids____________asmuchartandcultureaspossible.to②Ifyouexposeyourselftothesunlightforalongtimeinsummer，youwillgetsunburnt.→________________________________foralongtimeinsummer，youwillgetsunburnt.(现在分词短语作状语)→________________________foralongtimeinsummer，youwillgetsunburnt.(过去分词短语作状语)ExposingyourselftothesunlightExposedtothesunlight2.absorb用法一遍过——猜词义/写美句①Manyofthesefarmershavebeenabsorbedintotheurbanworkforceoverrecentyears.________________②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking，andthat’splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday’sworthofVitaminD.________________③(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)Infact，mostpeopleonlyabsorbabout20percentofaspeaker’smessage.________________vt.使并入；吞并vt.吸收vt.理解④(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.________________⑤汤姆专心于工作，以至于忘记告知我会议的时间了。→Tom_________________________，soheforgottoinformmeofthetimeofthemeeting.→______________________________，Tomforgottoinformmeofthetimeofthemeeting.(现在分词短语作状语)→______________________________，Tomforgottoinformmeofthetimeofthemeeting.(过去分词短语作状语)adj.专心的wasabsorbedinhisworkAbsorbinghimselfinhisworkAbsorbedinhiswork3.blame用法多棱镜——练用法/写美句①(2022·泉州模拟)Allthateveningshewasupsetandblamedherbiologyteacher____________herproblem.Ifhehadn’tmadethemdissect(解剖)frogs,shewouldn’thavebeensoabsent－minded.②Itwastheprofessorratherthanhisassistantthatwas____________(blame)forwhathadhappenedinthelab.③(全国卷Ⅲ)Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning，andputtheblame____________thealarmclock.fortoblameon④Alicewasinlowspiritsbecauseshewasblamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork.→______________________________________________________，Alicewasinlowspirits.(分词短语作状语)Blamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork4.contribute用法巧练通——猜词义/写美句①(2021·全国乙卷书面表达)Besides,makingascheduleisamust,forgoodtimemanagementwillcontributetoourefficiency.________________②Ifyouwanttocontributetoournewspaper，pleasesendmeyourarticlebeforethedeadline.________________③(北京卷书面表达)总之，我为自己对传播中国文化做出的巨大贡献感到自豪。Inconclusion，Iwasproudof______________________________________________________.有助于投稿makinggreatcontributionstospreadingChineseculture5.put短语一网收——练用法/写美句①(2021·浙江1月卷)FinallyImanagedtoputmywholehead____________it,likeacork(软木塞)forcedintoabottle.②Firstheopenedashopandthenhe____________asignoutsidetheshoptoattractcustomers.③Ican____________thehousebeinguntidy，butIhateitifit’snotclean.intoputupputupwith④Encouragechildrento____________someoftheirpocketmoneytobuyChristmaspresents.⑤至于你在信中提出的问题，我认为有一个平衡的饮食是一个好主意。Asfortheproblem________________inyourletter，Ithinkitisagoodideatohaveabalanceddiet.putasideyouputforward6.“名词短语引导时间状语从句”句型荟萃——写美句①每当我听到这首英语歌曲，我就忍不住想起我的朋友安娜。_________________________________，Ican’thelpthinkingofmyfriendAnna.②他一到家，我们就在门口迎接他。_____________________________，we’dgreethimatthedoor.③他第一次上这位年轻老师的课时就对他的课产生了兴趣。Hebecameinterestedintheyoungteacher’slesson_____________________________________.EverytimeIhearthisEnglishsongTheminutehearrivedhomethefirsttimeheattendedhisclass1.(2021·八省市联考卷)Itisnotentirelysurprisingthatbearsshouldhaveahighdegreeofintelligence.Theyfacealotof____________(challenge)whentryingtogetfood.2.Thehonourismainlyduetoyou.Butforyourhelpandprofessional____________(instruct)，Iwouldn’thavesurvived.3.(2020·浙江1月卷)Reducingwater____________(pollute)isabenefitofusingcheesebrineonroads.challengesinstructionpollution4.(2020·山东高考模拟卷)Lifeinthetreetopscanbe____________(challenge)attimes.5.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Afteralongandcarefulsearch，Gregsaw，acrossafield，thedogmoving____________(cautious)away.6.Fromhiscomment，Icantellthemanagerdoesn’tsoundvery____________(enthusiasm)abouttheidea.7.Attheendofthemeeting,it_______________(announce)thatanagreementhadbeenreached.8.In____________(conclude),walkingisacheap,safe,enjoyableandreadilyavailableformofexercise.challengingcautiouslyenthusiasticwasannouncedconclusion1.DoctorSnowsuspectedthatthepollutedwaterwaslinked____________thedisease，buthedidn’tfindenoughevidence.2.Atpresent，theteamislooking____________thecauseoftheforestfire，whichcausedmorethan30deaths.3.Wemustbestrict____________ourstudentswhileweshouldgivethemloveandcareaswell.tointowith4.Helivedinalonelyvillage.Apart____________thevillagers，hehadnoonetotalkto.5.Thepolicearelookingintoamanwhoissuspected____________robbingabank.fromof熟词生义——根据语境写出加黑词的词性