专题02 语法考点精要：梳理核心语法点及易错题陷阱（知识清单广东专用）（原卷版）

/专题02语法考点精要：梳理核心语法点及易错题陷阱一、动词的时态和语态1.一般现在时：表示习惯、客观事实或真理。注意第三人称单数动词加-s/-es。2.一般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。注意规则与不规则动词的过去式。3.一般将来时：表示将来发生的动作。常用will/shalldo或begoingtodo结构。4.现在进行时：表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。结构为am/is/aredoing。5.过去进行时：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。结构为was/weredoing。6.现在完成时：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或持续到现在的动作。结构为have/hasdone。7.过去完成时：表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。结构为haddone。8.被动语态：强调动作的承受者。基本结构为be+过去分词，注意时态一致。二、非谓语动词1.动词不定式：todo形式。可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语。2.动名词：v-ing形式。具有名词性质，可作主语、宾语、表语。3.现在分词：v-ing形式。具有形容词或副词性质，可作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语，表示主动或进行。4.过去分词：v-ed形式。具有形容词或副词性质，可作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语，表示被动或完成。三、情态动词1.can/could：表示能力、可能性、请求或许可。2.may/might：表示可能性、请求或许可，语气较委婉。3.must：表示必须、肯定推测。否定形式mustn't表示禁止，needn't表示不必。4.shall：用于第一人称，表示征求意见或将来。5.should：表示应该、建议或推测。6.will/would：表示意愿、请求或习惯性动作。7.need：表示需要。既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。8.情态动词+havedone：表示对过去情况的推测或判断。四、主谓一致1.语法一致原则：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数。2.意义一致原则：主语形式为单数但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；反之亦然。3.就近原则：由or,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso等连接的主语，谓语动词与靠近的主语保持一致。4.集体名词作主语时，强调整体用单数，强调个体成员用复数。五、名词性从句1.主语从句：在句中作主语的从句。注意谓语动词用单数。2.宾语从句：在句中作宾语的从句。注意时态一致和语序。3.表语从句：在系动词后作表语的从句。4.同位语从句：对抽象名词进行解释说明的从句。六、定语从句1.关系代词which：指物，在从句中作主语、宾语。2.关系代词that：指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语。3.关系代词who/whom：指人，who作主语，whom作宾语。4.关系代词whose：指人或物，在从句中作定语。5.关系副词when：表示时间，在从句中作时间状语。6.关系副词where：表示地点，在从句中作地点状语。7.关系副词why：表示原因，在从句中作原因状语。8.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别。七、状语从句1.时间状语从句：由when,while,as,before,after,until,since等引导。2.地点状语从句：由where,wherever等引导。3.原因状语从句：由because,since,as,for等引导。4.目的状语从句：由sothat,inorderthat等引导。5.结果状语从句：由so...that,such...that等引导。6.条件状语从句：由if,unless,aslongas等引导。7.让步状语从句：由though,although,evenif,nomatterwhat/how等引导。8.方式状语从句：由as,asif,asthough等引导。9.比较状语从句：由than,as...as,notso...as等引导。八、虚拟语气1.条件句中的虚拟语气：与现在事实相反，从句用过去式，主句用would/could/should/mightdo；与过去事实相反，从句用haddone，主句用would/could/should/mighthavedone；与将来事实相反，从句用shoulddo/weretodo，主句用would/could/should/mightdo。2.表示命令、建议、要求的动词、名词、形容词后的从句中，谓语动词用(should)do。3.wish后的宾语从句中，表示现在用过去式，表示过去用haddone，表示将来用would/coulddo。4.asif/though引导的从句中，根据实际情况使用虚拟语气。九、倒装句1.完全倒装：将整个谓语提到主语前面。常见于地点副词开头或表语前置的句子。2.部分倒装：只将助动词、情态动词或系动词提到主语前面。3.否定词或短语位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。4.only修饰状语位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。5.so/such...that结构中，so/such位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。十、强调句1.Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其余部分。2.判断方法：去掉Itis/was...that/who，句子结构仍然完整。十一、介词和介词短语1.常用介词的基本用法和区别。2.介词与动词、形容词、名词的固定搭配。十二、连词1.并列连词：and,but,or,so,for,yet等。2.从属连词：引导状语从句和名词性从句的连词。易错题陷阱梳理1.时态混用：尤其在宾语从句和条件状语从句中，注意主从句时态呼应。2.非谓语动词逻辑主语：注意非谓语动词的动作发出者与句子主语是否一致。3.情态动词表推测：对现在/过去的推测，注意使用不同的结构。4.主谓一致被修饰语干扰：主语后有with,aswellas等短语时，谓语动词与主语保持一致。5.定语从句关系词选择：根据先行词和在从句中的成分选择正确的关系词。6.虚拟语气条件句的时态运用：准确判断与现在、过去、将来事实相反的假设。7.倒装句的触发条件：熟悉需要倒装的各种情况，避免遗漏。8.强调句与定语从句、主语从句的区别：通过结构分析和成分判断。9.介词搭配：积累常见动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配。10.近义连词辨析：如because/since/as,if/whether等。一、根据所给词的适当形式填空1.Bythetimewearrived,themeeting________(start).2.Theproblem________(discuss)atthemeetingtomorrow.3.Hesuggestedthatwe________(leave)earlytoavoidthetraffic.4.Notuntilyesterday________herealizehismistake.5.Itwasinthispark________Ifirstmether.6.Shemadeapromise________shewouldneverbelateagain.7.Thebook________(write)byafamousauthorisverypopular.8.You________(notneed)tocomeifyouarebusy.9.Neitherthestudentsnortheteacher________(be)interestedintheactivity.10.Heisconsidering________(accept)thejobofferfromthatcompany.11.IfI________(be)you,Iwouldthinktwicebeforemakingthedecision.12.Sodifficult________theproblemthatnobodycouldsolveit.13.Thisisthevillage________hespenthischildhood.14.Thenumberofpeoplewho________(support)theplanisincreasing.15.Sheseems________(know)everythingabouttheincident.16.Itisimportantthateveryone________(attend)themeeting.17.Hardly________hefinishedhisspeechwhentheaudiencebegantoapplaud.18.Iwillneverforgetthedays________weworkedtogetherinLondon.19.Thecomputerneeds________(repair)immediately.20.Onlyinthisway________youmakeprogressinyourEnglishstudy.二、选择题1.Thenewpolicy________intoeffectnextmonth.A.willcomeB.comesC.cameD.hascome2.Itisrequiredthatallapplications________byFriday.A.aresubmittedB.besubmittedC.willbesubmittedD.submitted3.Bytheendoflastyear,they________morethantenprojects.A.completedB.hadcompletedC.havecompletedD.willcomplete4.Theprofessor,togetherwithhisassistants,________theexperiment.A.areconductingB.isconductingC.conductD.wereconducting5.Shedenied________anythingaboutthemissingdocuments.A.toknowB.knowingC.knowD.knew6.Ifhe________herenow,hewouldhelpussolvetheproblem.A.isB.wasC.wereD.willbe7.Itwasinthelibrary________shefoundthereferencebooksheneeded.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when8.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewas________hemissedthebus.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.which9.Notonly________interestedinthesubject,butalsoalltheotherstudents.A.theteacherisB.istheteacherC.theteacherwasD.wastheteacher10.Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthat________publishedthisyear.A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.wasD.were11.Hesuggested________themeetinguntilnextweek.A.topostponeB.postponingC.postponeD.postponed12.Bythetimeyouarrive,I________mywork.A.willfinishB.willhavefinishedC.havefinishedD.finished13.Thehouserequires________becauseitistooold.A.torepairB.beingrepairedC.repairingD.repaired14.Itishightimethatwe________measurestoprotecttheenvironment.A.takeB.tookC.willtakeD.havetaken15.Sofast________thatit'sdifficulttoimagineitsspeed.A.lighttravelB.travelslightC.doeslighttravelD.lighttravels16.Ihavenoidea________hewillagreetoourplanornot.A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.which17.Thenumberofpeopleinvited________fifty,butanumberofthem________absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were18.Onlywhenyouhaveacquiredagoodknowledgeofgrammar________writecorrectly.A.youwillB.youcanC.canyouD.can'tyou19.Itisnecessarythathe________thetaskbeforeFriday.A.finishesB.finishC.finishedD.willfinish20.Thisistheverybook________I'vebeenlookingforallthisyear.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.as三、阅读理解A（2019年1月广东省普通高中学业水平考试英语试卷）Oncetherewasawomanwhowasgreatlydisturbedbyherhusband.Heseemedtocarelittleabouther.Sothewomantookhertroubletothelocalmagician.Shetoldhimherstory,fullofpityforherself."Canyougivemesomemagicpowerstomakehimlovemeagain?”sheaskedanxiously.Themagicianthoughtforamomentandreplied,“Iwillhelpyou,butfirstyoumustbringtomethreehairsfromalivinglion.These!MusthavebeforeIcangiveyoumymagicpowers.”Therewasindeedalionthatoftencameneartothevillage.Itwasfrightening.Thewomanthoughtagainandagainandatlastshehadanidea.Thenextmorningshetookayoungsheepandwaitedanxiously.Whenshesawthelionapproaching,sheleftthesheepinthepathofthelionquicklyandwentbackhome.Soithappenedthat,everydayearlyinthemorning,thewomanwouldriseandtakeayoungsheeptothelion.Graduallythelioncametoknowthewoman.Seeingthelion'strustinher,thewomancarefullypulledthreehairsfromitandsetoutforthemagicianshouse“Look,"shesaidhappilyassheentered,"heretheyare!"Andshegavehimthethreehairs.“Howdidyoumakeit?"askedthemagicianinsurprise.Thewomantoldhimthewholestory.Asmilespreadoverthemagiciansface."Youmaytreatyourhusbandthesamewayyou'vetreatedthelion,"hesaid1.Whatwasthewoman’sproblemaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Herhusbandtooknonoticeofher.B.Thewomanwasafraidofherhusband.C.Herhusbandalwaysgotherintotrouble.D.Thewomanandherhusbandhadahardlife.2.Whomdidthewomanaskforhelp?A.asheep.B.alion.C.AmagicianD.Herhusband.3.Beforeshegotthemagicpower,thewomanhadto.A.makemagicpowerswiththemagicianB.getthreehairsfromalivinglionC.rivethelionawayfromthevillageD.leaveasheepinthepathofthelion4.Whydidthewomantakeasheeptothelions?A.Toconfusethelion.B.Tocatchthelion.C.Togetthelionstrust.D.Toshowherpityforthelion5.Whatisthebesttitlefromthepassage?A.AnHonestMagicianB.HusbandandWifeC.AnangryLionD.GoodAdviceB（2025年云南省第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟试卷02）Thefieldofgeneeditinghaswitnessedremarkableprogressinrecentyears,withCRISPR-Cas9beingthemostprominenttechnique.CRISPR-Cas9isarevolutionarygene-editingtoolthatallowsscientiststomakeprecisechangestoanorganism'sDNA.Thistechnologyhasthepotentialtotreatgeneticdiseasesbycorrectingfaultygenes.Forexample,itcouldbeusedtocurediseaseslikesickle-cellanemiaandcysticfibrosis.Inadditiontomedicalapplications,CRISPR-Cas9hasimplicationsforagriculture.Scientistscanuseittodevelopcropsthataremoreresistanttopests,diseases,andenvironmentalstresses.However,theuseofCRISPR-Cas9alsoraisesseriousethicalconcerns.Oneofthemainissuesisthepossibilityofcreating"designerbabies."Ifgeneeditingisusedtoenhancecertaintraitssuchasintelligenceorphysicalappearance,itcouldleadtoanewformofeugenics.Therearealsoconcernsabouttheunintendedconsequencesofgeneediting,suchasoff-targeteffectsthatcouldcausenewhealthproblems.6.WhatisCRISPR-Cas9?A.Atraditionalmedicaltreatmentmethod.B.Agene-editingtoolthatcanmakeprecisechangestoDNA.C.Atypeofgeneticdisease.D.Anewagriculturalproduct.7.WhatarethepotentialapplicationsofCRISPR-Cas9?A.Treatinggeneticdiseasesandimprovingagriculture.B.Onlyforcreatingmorebeautifulpeople.C.Onlyformakingmoremoney.D.Onlyforcreatingnewdiseases.8.WhataretheethicalconcernsofusingCRISPR-Cas9?A.Creating"designerbabies"andunintendedconsequences.B.Itistooexpensive.C.Itistoodifficulttouse.D.Itisnotaccurateenough.9.Whatcouldoff-targeteffectsofgeneeditingcause?A.Morecrops.B.Morebeautifulpeople.C.Moreintelligentpeople.D.Newhealthproblems.C（2025年云南省第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟试卷01）Howtoimproveyourmemory?It'saquestionmanypeopleareinterestedin,especiallyasweageorwhenwehavealottolearn.Herearesomestrategiesthatcanhelp.Oneimportantmethodistouseassociation.____10___Forexample,ifyou'retryingtorememberanewword,youcanassociateitwithasimilar-soundingwordyoualreadyknoworanimagethatrepresentsitsmeaning.Thiscreatesaconnectioninyourbrainthatmakesiteasiertorecalltheinformationlater.Anotherusefultechniqueisrepetition.____11____Repeatingsomethingoverandoveragainhelpstoreinforceitinyourmemory.Youcanrepeatnewinformationaloud,writeitdownmultipletimes,orreviewitatregularintervals.Organizationalsoplaysabigrole.___12___Grouprelatedinformationtogether.Forinstance,ifyou'restudyingforahistoryexam,youcanorganizeeventsbytimeperiodortheme.Thisway,yourbraincanprocessandstoretheinformationmoreefficiently.Mnemonicdevicescanbeextremelyhelpful.____13___Anexampleiscreatinganacronymfromthefirstletterofeachwordinaphraseyouwanttoremember.Oryoucanmakeuparhymingsentencethatincorporatestheinformation.Finally,gettingenoughsleepandmaintainingahealthylifestyleareessentialformemory.____14____Whenyousleep,yourbrainconsolidatesmemories,somakesureyougetagoodnight'srest.Eatingabalanceddiet,exercisingregularly,andreducingstressalsocontributetobettermemoryfunction.A.Ithelpstomaketheinformationmorememorable.B.Sleepisthetimewhenyourbrainworkshardest.C.Thismeanscreatingasystemfortheinformation.D.Youcanrepeatnewinformationindifferentways.E.Ourbrainhasanaturalabilitytorememberthings.F.Theyaretrickstohelpyourememberinformation.G.Youconnectnewinformationwithsomethingyoualreadyknow.D（2025年1月上海市春季高考英语仿真模拟试卷07）Nottoomanydecadesagoitseemed“obvious”bothtothegeneralpublicandtosociologiststhatmodernsocietyhaschangedpeople’snaturalrelations,loosenedtheirresponsibilitiestokinsandneighbors,andsubstitutedintheirplacesuperficialrelationshipswithpassingacquaintances.However,inrecentyearsagrowingbodyofresearchhasrevealedthatthe“obvious”isnottrue.Itseemsthatifyouareacityresident,youtypicallyknowasmallerproportionofyourneighborsthanyoudoifyouarearesidentofasmallercommunity.But,forthemostpart,thisfacthasfewsignificantconsequences.Itdoesnotnecessarilyfollowthatifyouknowfewofyourneighborsyouwillknownooneelse.Eveninverylargecities,peoplemaintainclosesocialtieswithinsmall,privatesocialworlds.Indeed,thenumberandqualityofmeaningfulrelationshipsdonotdifferbetweenmoreandlessurbanpeople.Small-townresidentsaremoreinvolvedwithkinthanarebig-cityresidents.Yetcitydwellerscompensatebydevelopingfriendshipswithpeoplewhosharesimilarinterestsandactivities.Urbanismmayproduceadifferentstyleoflife,butthequalityoflifedoesnotdifferbetweentownandcity.Norareresidentsoflargecommunitiesanylikeliertodisplaypsychologicalsymptomsofstressoralienation,afeelingofnotbelonging,thanareresidentsofsmallercommunities.However,citydwellersdoworrymoreaboutcrime,andthisleadsthemtoadistrustofstrangers.Thesefindingsdonotimplythaturbanismmakeslittleornodifference.Ifneighborsarestrangerstooneanother,theyarelesslikelytosweepthesidewalkofanelderlycouplelivingnextdoororkeepaneyeoutforyoungtroublemakers.Moreover,asWirthsuggested,theremaybealinkbetweenacommunity’spopulationsizeanditssocialdiversity.Forinstance,sociologistshavefoundmuchevidencethatthesizeofacommunityisassociatedwithbadbehaviorincludinggambling,drugs,etc.Large-cityurbanitesarealsomorelikelythantheirsmall-towncounterpartstohaveacosmopolitan(见多识广的)outlook,todisplaylessresponsibilitytotraditionalkinshiproles,tovoteforleftistpoliticalcandidates,andtobetolerantofnontraditionalreligiousgroups,unpopularpoliticalgroups,andso-calledundesirables.Everythingconsidered,heterogeneityandunusualbehaviorseemtobeoutcomesoflargepopulationsize.15．Accordingtoparagraph1,itwasonceacommonbeliefthatpeopleinmodernsociety__________.A．tendedtoacquaintthemselveswithpeoplepassingbyB．usuallyhadmorefriendsthansmall-townresidentsC．boregreatresponsibilitiestoneighborsandrelativesD．couldnotdevelopverycloserelationshipswithothers16．Oneoftheconsequencesofurbanismisthatthecityresidents__________.A．lowerthequalityofrelationships B．showlittleconcernforstrangersC．sufferfromthelackoffriendship D．thebetteritsqualityoflifeis17．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatthebiggeracommunityis,__________.A．themorelikelyitistodisplaystress B．themoreopen-mindedpeopleareC．themoresimilaritsinterestsare D．thebetteritsqualityoflifeis18．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Minordifferencesintheinterpersonalrelationsbetweencitiesandtowns.B．Thepositiverolethaturbanismhasbeenplayinginourmodernsociety.C．Advantagesanddisadvantagesoflivinginbigcitiesorsmalltowns.D．Thestrongfeelingofalienationthatcityinhabitantsaresuffering.E（2025年福建省第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟试卷03）MyelderbrotherSteve,intheabsenceofmyfatherwhodiedwhenIwassix,gavemeimportantlessonsinvaluesthathelpedmegrowintoanadult.Forinstance,Stevetaughtmetofacetheresultsofmybehavior.OncewhenIreturnedintearsfromaSaturdaybaseballgame,itwasStevewhotookthetimetoaskmewhathappened.WhenIexplainedthatmybaseballhadsoaredthroughMrs.Holt’sbasementwindow,breakingtheglasswithacrash,Steveencouragedmetoconfess(认罪)toher.Afterall,IshouldhavebeenplayingintheparkdownFifthStreetandnotinthepathbetweenbuildings.AlthoughmykneesknockedasIexplainedtoMrs.Holt,Iofferedtopayforthewindowfrommypocketmoneyifshewouldreturnmyball.IalsolearnedfromStevethatpersonalpropertyisasacred(神圣的)thing.AfterIfoundashinysilverpeninmyfifth-gradeclassroom,Iwantedtokeepit,butSteveexplainedthatitmightbeimportanttosomeoneelseinspiteofthefactthatithadlittlevalue.HeremindedmeofhowmuchI’dhatetolosetosomeoneelsethesmalldogmyfathercarvedfromapieceofcheapwood.Ireturnedthepentomyteacher,Mrs.Davids,andstillrememberedthesmellofherperfumeasshepattedmeonmyshoulder.YetofalltheinstructionsStevegaveme,hisrespectforlifeisthemostvividinmymind.WhenIwastwelveIkilledanoldbrownsparrowintheyardwithaBBgun.Excitedwithmyaccuracy,IscreamedtoStevetocomefromthehousetotakealook.Ishallneverforgetthewayhestoodforalongmomentandstaredatthebirdontheground.Theninadead,quietvoice,heasked,“Didithurtyoufirst,Mark?”Ididn’tknowwhattoanswer.Hecontinuedwithhiseyesfirm,“Theonlytimeyoushouldeventhinkofhurtingalivingthingisifithurtsyoufirst.Andthenyouthinkalong,longtime.”Ireallyfeltterriblethen,butthatmomentstandsoutasthemostimportantlessonmybrothertaughtme.19．Whatisthemainsubjectofthepassage?A．TherelationshipbetweenMarkandSteve.B．TheimportantlessonMarklearnedinschoolC．Steve’simportantroleinMark’sgrowingprocess.D．MarkandSteve’srespectforlivingthings.20．ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhenMarkconfessedtoMrs.Holt,________.A．hefeltsurprised B．hewaslight-heartedC．hefeltfrightened D．hekneltbeforeher21．Inthestoryaboutthepen,whichofthefollowinglessonsdidSteveteachhisbrother?A．Respectforpersonalproperty.B．Respectforlife.C．Sympathyforpeoplewithproblems.D．Thevalueofhonesty.22．Accordingtothewriter,whichwasthemostimportantlessonStevetaughthisyoungbrother?A．Respectforlivingthings.B．Responsibilityforone’sactions.C．Thevalueofthehonesty.D．Careforthepropertyofothers.23．Whichofthefollowistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Markwasstillaboywhenhewrotethispassage.B．Marklostthesmalldoghisfathergavehim.C．Whenalivingthinghurtsyou,youshouldkillit.D．Evenifalivingthinghurtsyou,youshouldnotkillitwithouthesitation(犹豫).四、完形填空F（2022年1月浙江省普通高中学业水平考试英语仿真模拟试卷C）Iwas15whenIwalkedintoMcCarley’sBookstoreinAshland.AsIwaslookingat1ontheshelves,themanbehindthecounter,2,askedifI’dlike3.Ineededtostart4forcollege,soIsaidyes.I5afterschoolandduringsummersforthelowestwagesandthejobhelpedpayformyfreshmanyearofcollege.Iwouldworkmanyotherjobs:ImadecoffeeintheStudents’Unionduringcollege;IwasahotelmaidandevenmademapsfortheUSForestService.Butsellingbookswasoneofthemost6.

Onedayawomanaskedmeforbooksoncancer.Sheseemedfearful.Ishowedheralmost7wehadatthattime8andfoundotherbookswecouldorder.Sheleftthestoreless9.I’vealwaysrememberedthe10Ifeltinhavinghelpedher.

Yearslater,asa11inLosAngeles,Iheardaboutanimmigrant(移民)childwhowasbornwithhisfingersconnected,weblike.Hisfamilycouldnot12acorrectiveoperation,andtheboylivedin13,hidinghishandinhispocket.

I14mybosstoletmedothestory.Aftermystorywasbroadcast,adoctorandanursecalled,offeringtoperformthe15forfree.

Ivisitedtheboyintherecoveryroomsoonaftertheoperation.Thefirstthinghedidwastoholduphis16handandsay,“Thankyou.”Ifeltasenseof17.

Inthepast,whileIwas18,IalwayssensedIwasworkingforthecustomers,notthestore.Todayit’sthesame.NBCNewspaysmysalary,19IfeelasifIworkforthe20,helpingthemmakesenseoftheworld.1.A.maps B.titles C.articles D.reports2.A.thereader B.thecollegest