小升初英语复习课程讲义：第十五讲：首字母填空（教师版）

第十五讲：首字母填空

一、【考点解读】

首字母填空是近几年小升初试题必考的的题型之一，因为它有着非常好的信度和效度，

同时又能拉开考生间的分差、提高区分度。这种题型属于能力测试的范畴，要求考生在充分

理解短文的基础上将单词拼写出来，并且单词形式合理，符合语法规范和短文需要。这种试

题的首字母已给，所填的单词就必须是该字母开头的单词。这既是一种限制，又是一种提示。

所以这对于小升初学生的要求比较高，本讲重点讲解该种题型的一些方法和技巧。

二、【知识讲解】

知识点1——★首字母SECTION解题秘籍

▲答题步骤：

1)阅读全文（粗读和细读）

2)判断所缺单词词性

3)填出使文章完整通顺的单词

4)检查所填单词的数和时态

▲解题重点：

1)词性（尤其是长句）；

2)上下文联系；

3)固定搭配;

4)积累高频词汇；复查语法

▲注意事项：

1会判断词性，具备分析句子的结构和成分能力

2关注细节（时态，语态，人称，名词单复数，形容词副词的级）

3一般全文中5-6个单词相对比较简单，可顺利填出

4要学会猜测单词，不留空格

5不要在一时拿不定主意的词上纠缠

▲解题难点：

考纲词汇生僻或冷门词汇；

一词多义的词；

知识点2——做首字母填空必备

1、归根结底，记忆单词方法错误

小学阶段，大部分孩子背诵单词只关注其拼写以其中文意思，而忘记最重要的一点----单词

的词性；对于语感不太好的学生，我们建议在做此题时，首先去判断句子所缺的是成分从而

确定其词性。

2、通过上下文联系去推理

有的老师要求小朋友通读全文，这点是很好。可是现实情况下，孩子们考英语总是时间来不

及。但实际上只要从空格往前推2句开始联系和推理就够了。句中会出现相关的情节、反

义词、时间等让你确定空格的答案。

（1）依据习惯用法与固定搭配进行填词：如…Whishelp,theoldmanwassafe.Theboy

thankedhimverymuch.从句意我们就知道是“在他的帮助下”，withhishelp.

（2）依据语法知识进行填词：如…Itwasalearlier.从句中的earlier可以看出它是

比较级，我们应该会想到修饰形容词比较级有哪些词，前面有a,那肯定就是little.

（3）依据常识的积累进行填词：如…Butitwastoolate.Hisfriendwasveryangry.Mr.White

saidnothingbutonlyoneword“S.”Mr.White迟到了，他的朋友很生气，他什么都没说，

只说了一个字“S.”我们根据常识肯定是向他的朋友道歉，所以肯定填sorry.

（4）依据逻辑推理与句意理解进行填词：如OneSundayafternoon,Mr.Whitedrovehisnew

cartohisfriend’shousehappily.Hewantedtophisfriendupatfiveandthenwenttoseea

newmovietogether.根据句意，Mr.White高兴地开着车去他的朋友家，然后一起去看电影，

我们可以进行逻辑推理，他肯定是去接他的朋友，所以填pick.

3、缩小词汇范围，让大脑变成词库

一旦确定空格词性和上下文意思推理后，就能明显缩小词汇范围。同时，切记首字母的单

词不会超过新2的难度，所以新3的单词根本在首字母题中用不上，显得鸡肋。因此，同学

们只要填基础词就可以了。譬如，我们判断此处为介词，那么a开头的介词above,along,

among,about等，就会缩小一些的范围。根据优秀老师的教学经验，我们专门设置了一个首

字母单词高频分级图，对于很多历年考过的单词作了分级，都会在课程最后给大家罗列出来。

4、最后要注意，填完以后仔细检查

填完后，尤其检查以下几处：1）动词时态2）名词单复数3）形容词副词比较级最高级4）

单词拼写

5、系统学习靠什么

一个好的首字母专项练习工具，不仅能事半功倍，还能少走弯路。

知识点3——首字母填空高频词汇

小升初首字母填空高频词汇汇总

A

about,also,and,although,always,any,anything,are,all,ache,at,actor,again,agree,ask,answer,

around,afraid,age,across,alone,as,away,able

B

both,because,before,but,between,behind,besides,by,back,believe,buy,busy,become,beach,

belong,bad,blood,beautiful

C

can,children,come,cool,change,climate,care,corner,called,cold,chance,clear,clean,cost,co

mfortable

D

different,difficult,drive,decide,do/does,die(dead/dying),dream,dinner,disappear,during,down,drop

E

either,else,every,easy,enter,early,enough,enjoy,end,each,exam,energy,excited,education

F

for,forget,far,from,find,finally,family,friendly,famous,flow(flew),feel,few,fall

G

good,get,great,grade,game,give,guess,go,grow

H

hold,home,hope,help,have,heroes,however,happen,hundred,high,hurt,hard

I

in,improve,inside,imagine,into,if,impossible,interesting,idea,instead

J

job,join,just

K

kind,keep,know(known)

L

lonely,like,loud,lazy,live,later,little,look,learn,listen,large,longer,last,luck

M

medical,medicine,make,much,more,mountain,mean,manner,message,move,must

N

nice,neighbour,neither,nor,night,nothing,not,necessary,nature,number

O

olympic,over,older,over,one,only,on,once,other,out,often,own,offer

P

parents,poor,pollution;popular;polite;put;person;present;protect;place(s),possible;play;publ

ic;pass(past),plan.

Q

quickly,quiet

R

research;recently;repair;real;robot;round;right;return;result;

S

sport;safe;similar;same;sometimes;start;share;still;show;smell;smile;shopping;such;sleepy;

seem;survive;success;stay;skill;soon;stop;

T

turn(turning);tree;truth;tired;think(thought);thirsty;times;than;try;travel;teaching;themselve

s;terrible;traffic;

U

understand;use;useful;usually;umbrella;until;

V

voice;visit;view;very;volleyball;

W

willing;with;without;

Y

yet;year;

三、【典例探究】

【例题1】：

Dogsaregoodpets.Theyareveryf1topeopleandalsoverybeautiful.Mostdogsgeton

verywellwithc2andtheirparents.Othersaregoodwatch-dogsbecausetheycryloudlywhen

as3arrives.

Whenyoubuyadog,animportantthingtothinkaboutisitss4——buyasmalldogif

yourhomeissmallandabiggeroneify5islarger.Manypeopledon’tknowhowmuchto

feedtheirdogs.Dogseata6anything!Theylikemeat,riceandlotsofotherthings.Youcan

buylotsoffoodm7fordogsinshops.Don’tletyourdogseattoomuch.Feeditonlyoncea

day.Alwaysl8waterforyourdog.Itcangetthirstyveryquickly,especiallyins9.

Rememberthatdogsneede10.Youshouldtakeitforawalkeveryday.Don’tkeepyour

doginsideallday.

答案及简析

1.friendly.人们之所以把狗作为宠物来养，主要是因为它们比较通人性，且对人很友好，

能给人们带来欢乐。根据“beveryf1topeople”来分析，此空应填一个形容词，表明狗对

人的态度。friend是名词，friendly是形容词，故friendly是正确答案。

2.children.宠物狗自然是在家中养，它们除了听主人的话以外，与家中的小主人即孩子

也是好朋友。由于是指大多数家庭的情况，并受their一词的提示，此处应填“孩子”的复数

形式，即children。

3.stranger.狗的天性是护家。文中的watch-dogs意为“看家狗”，专门指有生人来时发出

叫喊的狗。“生人”在英文中即为stranger。

4.size.这个空略微有点难。一是size一词平时用得较少，二是一般家庭都养小型犬，供

狗活动的空间一般不成问题，因此，对狗的体积问题考虑的较少。从后面的句子来看，此处

是在谈狗的体积的问题——“如果你的家小，就买一只小狗；如果你的家大，就买一只大狗。”

5.yours.这是一个名词性物主代词，代替上半句的yourhome。此句完整的说法应是buya

smalldogifyourhomeissmallandbuyabiggeroneifyourhomeislarger.为避免词的重复使

用，在英文句子中常用名词性物主代词代替前面的那个名词。

本文最突出的一个特点就是决大多数需填词的后面都有一句或两句话的内容是对所填

词的内容进行补充说明的。因此，在做这种类型的题时，一定要注意分析上下文的内容，进

行推理和归纳，正确的理解句意，最后决定出最佳的词及其正确形式。

【例题2】：

Therewasanoldmanwholovedmoneyverymuch.Hen1gaveanythingtoanybody.

Aftersomeyearshebecamer2.

Onedayhewaswalkingneartheriverwithhisfriendswhenhefellintotheriver.His

friendsrantohelphim.Oneofthemheldouthishandandcried,“Givemeyourhand,andI’ll

p3youout！”Therichm4headwentdownthewatera5thencameupagain,buthedid

notg6hishandtohisfriend.Againanotherofhisfriendstried,butagainthes7thing

happened.

Thena8friend,Nasreddin,said,“TakemyhandandI’llpullyouout!”Therichman

tookhishandandNasreddinpulledhimoutofthewater.

“Youdon’tknowyourfriendveryw9.”Nasreddinsaidtotheothers.“Whenyousay

‘Give！’tohim,hed10nothing,butwhenyousay‘Take！’healwaystakes.”

答案与简析：

守财奴闹出了笑话。文中谈了一次救人的过程，解题时要根据当时的情况特别注意“give”

和“take”的妙用。

1.never.因为lovemoney,所以他决不会“给予”。never意为“从不”。

2.rich.rich是形容词，作表语。由于从不施舍，几年后他就富有了。

3.pull.pull...out意为“把……拉出来”。

4.man’s.head为名词，要选用man的所有格形式。

5.and.andthen...意为“后来又……”。and起并列作用。

6.give.give...to...意为“把……给……”。

7.same.句意为：又发生了同样的情况。

8.another.another表示不定指的“又一个，另一个”。

9.well.well为副词，knowwell意思是“很了解”。

10.does.这句话是引述原话，故用一般现在时。donothing表示“什么事都不干”。

四、【课堂运用】

【基础】

【练习1】

Doyouknowtheword“brunch”?IntheWest,manypeopleliketohavebrunch—late

(1)b________orearlylunch.Peopleoftenhavebrunch(2)b_____10a.m.and2p.m.onSunday

becausetheyprefertogetup(3)l_____afteraweek'shardworkorwanttoenjoybrunchwith

theirparents,orfriends.Thatisarelaxingandinteresting(4)w______ofeatingformostfamilies.

Today,brunchhasbecome(5)p______inbighotels.Onecan(6)e_____askfororcookit

himself.Tomakeit(7)l______likebothbreakfastandlunch,peoplechoosetohavelotsofdishes.

Youmayoftenseethefollowing(8)f______onthetable,meat,eggs,fruit,(9)v_______,orange

juice,teaandbacon.Doyouhavebrunchat(10)w_______?Ifnot,whynottry?

答案与解析3：

这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了近年来在西方流行的brunch(早午餐)。brunch一词是由

breakfast与lunch中的字母br和unch合在一起构成的。

1.breakfast,由下句“earlylunch”和前面的对应词late可知brunch是比breakfast要

晚，而比lunch要早。

2.between,这里的between…and…是固定搭配。

3.late,根据句中的状语“onSunday”和“afteraweek'shardwork”可知在周末由于人们都

在家休息，所以起床会较完。

4.way,对大部分家庭来说，这种brunch只是一种新的放松有趣的进餐方式。

5.popular,目前在西方，brunch已经成为一种时尚，越来越受到人们的欢迎。

6.either,这是一个等立连词，either…or…，意思是”或者……或者……”。

7.look,由于brunch介于breakfast和lunch之间，所以人们在做起brunch来，既要像

breakfast，又要像lunch。looklike的意思就是”看起来好像”。

8.food,根据下面所列举的内容可知答案。

9.vegetables,英语中，以字母v开头的food就是vegetables了。

10.weekend,根据文章的介绍，brunch是在周末人们所享用的进餐方式。

【练习2】

(1)

Atdifferenttimesinaman'slifehisfoodhasdifferenteffects(影响)onhisbody.Among

childrenf1isquicklychangedtothepower(力量)torunandplaygames.Mostofa

youngman'sfoodisspentongrowingt2;Wegrowupwardsonlyd3thefirst

twentyyearsofourl4,notlater.Workingmengettheirstrongbodiesfromtheirfood;and

iftheyworkh5,theydonotgetfat.Officeworkerseatwellands6downalot,and

maybegintogrowfatwhens7quiteyoung.Manyolderpeoplet8toworkmuch

andwalkoften.P9themostdifficulttimeiswhenamanr10sixtyyearsofage.

Hisbodyandmindb11restful,withoutmuchworkorinterest.Thatiswhenfood

changesquicklytof12.

答案：1.food2.tall3.during4.lives5.hard6.sit7.still8.try9.Perhaps10.reaches11.become

12.fat

【巩固】

【练习1】

(2)

Bats(蝙蝠)aretheonlyflying"animals"intheworld.Itisk1toallthattheycannot

seeverywell."Asb2asabat"isoftenheard.Yet,theyhavenot3flyingonthe

darkestnightsandf4theirwayroundverywell.Whycanbatsflyandseeatnight?They

flyb5"radar(雷达)".Thebat'sradarw6thesamewayastheradaronshipsand

planes.Asabatfliest7theair,itmakesasound.Ifthesoundshitt8,theywill

comebackandthebat'searswillr9themessage.Inthisway,thebatisa10to

knowwherethethingsare.Batsgooutforf11atnight.Inthedaytime,theyhanginsome

d12places.

答案：1.known2.blind3.trouble4.finding5.by6.works

7.through8.things9.reaches10.able11.food12.dark

【练习2】

（3）

Tennisisinitssecondlife.Itsfirstgameb1inFrance.Thenameofthegamecomes

fromtheFrenchword"tennez".TheEnglishmenc2thegame"tennis"whentheywatched

theFrenchmenplay800yearsago.

TheEnglishmenlikedtheFrenchgame.Tenniscourtswerebuiltineverypark,ineverycity,

justl3today.Thetwocountriesplayeda4eachother.Atfirsttheyplayedfor

honor.Thentheyw5money.Laterpeoplebegancheating（欺骗）togetmoney.Three

hundredyearsagothegamewasforbidden（禁止）tostopthecheating.Thegamea6

disappeared.AmericansfoundtheoldcourtswhentheywenttoEurope100yearsago.They

learnedw7theycoulddoaboutthegame.TheylikedthegameastheEnglishmenhad

b8.Afterreturninghome,theAmericansbuilttenniscourts.Tennisbegantobecome

p9inalltheUnitedStates.Nowitisoneofthemoste10gamesintheworld

again.

答案：1.began2.called3.like4.against5.won

6.almost7.what8.before9.popular10.exciting

【拔高】

【练习1】

(4)

Therearefourpeopleinmyfamily.Everydaymyparentsareverybusyt1tomake

moneyinordertopaythehightuition(学费）formybrotherandme.Theyh2say"I

loveyou"orsendf3toeachother.Besides，myfatherhasabadtemper(脾气).Itiseasy

forhimtolosehistemperw4he'sverytiredfromthehardwork.Ididn'tknowwhether

therewaslovebetweenthemu5onespring.Atthattime，myfathersuddenlygotbadly

sick.Mymotherhadtostaywithhiminthehospitalforamonth.Whentheyreturnedfromthe

hospital,theybothlookedveryw6asifbothofthemhadaseriousillness.

Aftertheywereback,mymotherhelpedmyfatherwalkslowlyonthecountryroadeveryday

inthemorninganddusk.H7aftertwomonthsmyfatherstillcouldn'twalkbyh8.

Allofuswereworriedabouthim.

"Dad，howareyouf9now?"Iaskedhimoneday.

"Susan,don'tworryaboutme."hesaidI10alowvoice."Ijustlikewalkingwithyour

mom.Ilikethiskindoflife."Readinghiseyes,Iknowhelovesmymotherverymuch.

OnceIthoughtlovem11flowers,presentsandsweetkisses.Butfromthise12,

Iunderstandthatloveisinside,makinglifestrongandwarm.

答案：1.trying2.hardly3.flowers4.when5.until6.weak

7.However8.himself9.feeling10.in11.meant12.experience

【练习2】

(5)

Awomanwaseatinginarestaurant.Sheaskedthewaitertodomanyt1forher.Now

shewasg2thewaiteralotoftrouble.F3,sheaskedthewaitertoturnontheair

conditionerbecauseshef4toohot.Thensheaskedhimtoturnito5becauseshe

wastoocold.Thiswentonandonforn6halfanhour.

Butthewaiterwasverykindandh7.Hedideverythingthewomanaskedh8to

dowithoutgettingangry.F9,someoneelseintherestaurantaskedwhythew10

didn'tjustthrowthewomanout."Oh,Idon'tcare."Thewaitersaidandsmiling,"Wedon'teven

haveanairconditioner."

答案：1.things2.giving3.First4.felt5.off6.nearly7.helpful8.him9.Finally10.waiter

五、【课后巩固】

【习题1】

1.

Henrywasworried.Thiswashisfirsttimetogotravelingbyair.Hedidnotknowh___

tofindhisseat,sohewenttotheairhostessandasked,"Couldyouhelpme?Ican'tfindmyseat."

Theairhostesss___himtheseatandtoldhimtositd___andfastentheseat

belt.ShetoldHenrynottom___aboutwhentheplanewasgoingup.Andshealsosaid

thatHenry'searsmightfeelalittles___,buthedidn'tneedtoworryaboutitb___

manypeoplefeltlikethat.Whentheplanewasf___veryhigh,Henrycouldstandupand

walkround.Hecoulde___readbooks,newspapersorseefilms.Theairhostesswould

b_____foodanddrinks.Henrycoulde___theflightandarrivedhomesoon.

2.

IamBill.IamEIcometoCwithmyparents.Theyworkinauniversity(大

学)andIstudyinam______school.Westayinahouseneartheuniversitybutitisfarfrom(远

离)myschool.Igetupatsixinthemandthenhavesomebandmfor

breakfast.Igotoschoolbybike.Thefirstlessonbateight,soImustgetthereatseven

forty-five.InChina,lofpeoplegotoworkbybikeandyoucanseebikeshand

t.Chinaisa“CountryofBike.”

3.

Theu________meanstheearth,thesun,themoonandthestarsandthespaceb________them.

Manyofthestarsaresof_____awaythatwecannotseethem.Themoon,oursatellite,travels

a______theearth.Ithasalreadybeenvisitedb______manfromtheearth.Man-madesatellites

havebeensentupi______spacebymanycountries.Theygoroundtheearth.Theyareusedfor

helpingustolearnmorea______theearth,theweatherandotherthings.Theyarealsousedfor

sendingandr_______messages.Itmakespeoplef_______differentcountriesunderstandeach

othermuchbetter.Sopeoplesaytheworlditselfisbecomingamuchs_____place.Peoplecallthe

smallplace“theglobalvillage”.

4.

DoyouknowSweden?ItlinthenorthofEurope.Itisthefourthlargestcountryin

Europewithanareaof450000squarekilometersandapofabout8.5million.overone

thirdofthemliveinthethreelargestcities,namelyStockholm,GoteborgandMalmo.Morethan

halfofSwedeniscwithtrees.Itisoneofthercountriesinthe

world.About100yearsagoSwedenbecameindustrialized(工业化）。Todaylessthanlessthanone

thirdofthepeoplearef.

Swedenisthecountrywheretheworld-famousNobelPriozesareawarded.Manypeoplewho

havebeentoStockholm,thecofSweden,musthavevisitedtheplaceswhereNobel

Prizesareawarded.thefirstlanguageofSwedenisSwedish.Englishisthefirstf

languageinschools.Manymiddle-schoolstudentscanstwotothreelanguages.Most

oftheSwedishpeople,menandwomen