2020年中考英语热点突破训练任务型阅读含解析

2020年中考英语热点突破训练任务型阅读含解析任务型阅读（一）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成表格中所缺信息。TheInternethasbecomeanimportantpartofourlives.Ithaschangedthewaywelive,work,andcommunicate.WecandomanythingsontheInternet,suchasshopping,studying,andmakingfriends.Onlineshoppinghasbecomeverypopular.Wecanbuyalmosteverythingweneedwithoutleavingourhomes.Itsavesusalotoftimeandenergy.Wecancomparepricesandchoosethebestproducts.However,wealsoneedtobecarefulwhenshoppingonline.Weshouldmakesurethewebsitesaresafeandreliable.StudyingonlineisanothergreatadvantageoftheInternet.Wecanaccessalargeamountofinformationandeducationalresources.Therearemanyonlinecoursesandtutorialsavailable.Wecanlearnatourownpaceandinourowntime.Thisisespeciallyusefulforpeoplewhocan'tattendtraditionalschoolsorhavebusyschedules.Makingfriendsonlinehasalsobecomeacommonthing.Wecanmeetpeoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworldandcommunicatewiththemeasily.SocialmediaplatformslikeFacebook,Twitter,andWeChathavemadeitpossibleforustostayconnectedwithourfriendsandfamily.However,weshouldalsobecautiouswhenmakingfriendsonline.Weneedtoprotectourpersonalinformationandbeawareofpotentialrisks.|Aspects|Details|Advantages|Precautions|||||||OnlineShopping|Buyalmosteverythingwithoutleavinghome|Savetimeandenergy;comparepricesandchoosethebestproducts|Makesurewebsitesaresafeandreliable||StudyingOnline|Accessalargeamountofinformationandeducationalresources;manyonlinecoursesandtutorials|Learnatownpaceandtime;usefulforthosewhocan'tattendtraditionalschoolsorhavebusyschedules|||MakingFriendsOnline|Meetpeoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworld;communicateeasilythroughsocialmedia|Stayconnectedwithfriendsandfamily|Protectpersonalinformation;beawareofpotentialrisks|解析：这篇文章围绕互联网在生活中的三个方面展开，即网上购物、在线学习和网上交友。对于每个方面，我们需要从文中提取关键信息填入表格。在“OnlineShopping”部分，文中明确提到“buyalmosteverythingweneedwithoutleavingourhomes”，这是购物方式的特点；“savesusalotoftimeandenergy”以及“comparepricesandchoosethebestproducts”是其优点；“makesurethewebsitesaresafeandreliable”则是需要注意的事项。“StudyingOnline”方面，“accessalargeamountofinformationandeducationalresources”和“manyonlinecoursesandtutorials”说明了学习的资源情况；“learnatourownpaceandinourowntime”以及“usefulforpeoplewhocan'tattendtraditionalschoolsorhavebusyschedules”是其优势，文中未提及这方面的特别注意事项。“MakingFriendsOnline”中，“meetpeoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworld”和“communicatewiththemeasily”描述了交友的特点；“stayconnectedwithourfriendsandfamily”是好处；“protectourpersonalinformation”和“beawareofpotentialrisks”是需要注意的地方。任务型阅读（二）阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。Inmanycountries,theideaofa“worklifebalance”isbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.Peoplearerealizingthattheyneedtimeforbothworkandpersonallife.InJapan,foralongtime,theculturehasbeencenteredaroundhardwork.Peopleoftenworklonghours,sometimesevensleepingattheoffice.However,thishasledtomanyproblems.Forexample,thereisahighrateofstressrelateddiseases.Inrecentyears,theJapanesegovernmenthasbeentryingtochangethissituation.Ithasintroducedpoliciestoencouragepeopletotakemoreholidaysandhaveabetterworklifebalance.IntheUnitedStates,thesituationisabitdifferent.WhileAmericansalsoworkhard,theygenerallyhavemoreflexibleworkschedules.Theycantaketimeoffforfamilyeventsorpersonalneeds.Butstill,manyAmericansfeelstressedbecauseofwork.Thepressuretosucceedinacompetitivejobmarketishigh.InEurope,theconceptofworklifebalanceisdeeplyrooted.CountrieslikeGermany,France,andSwedenhavelawsthatlimitthenumberofworkinghoursperweek.Workersinthesecountriesarealsoentitledtoasignificantamountofpaidvacationtime.Asaresult,peopleinEuropetendtohaveamorerelaxedlifestylecomparedtothoseinJapanandtheUnitedStates.1.Whyistheideaof“worklifebalance”becomingimportant?Becausepeoplearerealizingthattheyneedtimeforbothworkandpersonallife.2.WhatproblemshasthelonghourworkcultureinJapanledto?Ithasledtoahighrateofstressrelateddiseases.3.WhathastheJapanesegovernmentdonetochangethesituation?Ithasintroducedpoliciestoencouragepeopletotakemoreholidaysandhaveabetterworklifebalance.4.WhydomanyAmericansfeelstressed?Becausethepressuretosucceedinacompetitivejobmarketishigh.5.HowisthesituationinEuropedifferentfromthatinJapanandtheUnitedStates?InEurope,theconceptofworklifebalanceisdeeplyrooted.Therearelawstolimitworkinghoursperweekandworkersareentitledtoasignificantamountofpaidvacationtime.Asaresult,peopleinEuropetendtohaveamorerelaxedlifestyle.解析：对于问题1，文章开篇就提到“Peoplearerealizingthattheyneedtimeforbothworkandpersonallife”，这就是“worklifebalance”变得重要的原因。问题2，文中明确指出在日本，“thishasledtomanyproblems.Forexample,thereisahighrateofstressrelateddiseases”，所以答案是高压力相关疾病的发生率。问题3，根据“theJapanesegovernmenthasbeentryingtochangethissituation.Ithasintroducedpoliciestoencouragepeopletotakemoreholidaysandhaveabetterworklifebalance”，可知政府采取了引入政策鼓励人们多休假和实现更好的工作与生活平衡的措施。问题4，在描述美国情况时提到“manyAmericansfeelstressedbecauseofwork.Thepressuretosucceedinacompetitivejobmarketishigh”，这就是美国人感到压力大的原因。问题5，文中将欧洲与日本和美国进行了对比，提到欧洲“theconceptofworklifebalanceisdeeplyrooted”，有法律限制每周工作时间，工人有大量带薪休假时间，所以欧洲人生活更轻松。任务型阅读（三）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成下列各题。Smartphoneshavebecomeaninseparablepartofourlives.Theyhavebroughtmanyconveniences,butalsosomeproblems.Oneofthemainconveniencesiscommunication.Wecaneasilycallorsendmessagestoanyonearoundtheworld.Socialmediaappsonsmartphonesallowustoshareourliveswithfriendsandfamily.Wecanalsousevideocallingappstohavefacetofaceconversationswithpeoplefaraway.Anotherconvenienceisaccesstoinformation.Withasmartphone,wecansearchforanyinformationweneedatanytime.Wecanreadnews,learnaboutdifferentcultures,andeventakeonlinecourses.However,smartphonesalsocausesomeproblems.Oneofthebiggestproblemsisaddiction.Manypeoplespendtoomuchtimeontheirsmartphones,whichaffectstheirrealliferelationships.Theymayignoretheirfamilyandfriendswhentheyaretogether.Anotherproblemisthenegativeimpactonhealth.Staringatthesmartphonescreenforalongtimecancauseeyeproblems,suchasdryeyesandblurredvision.Itcanalsoleadtoneckandbackpainduetobadpostureswhenusingthephone.1.Whatarethetwomainconveniencesofsmartphonesmentionedinthepassage?Thetwomainconveniencesarecommunicationandaccesstoinformation.2.Howcanweusesmartphonesforcommunication?Wecancallorsendmessagestoanyonearoundtheworld,usesocialmediaappstoshareourliveswithfriendsandfamily,andusevideocallingappstohavefacetofaceconversationswithpeoplefaraway.3.Whatisoneofthebiggestproblemscausedbysmartphones?Oneofthebiggestproblemsisaddiction.4.Howdoessmartphoneaddictionaffectpeople'slives?Itaffectstheirrealliferelationshipsandtheymayignoretheirfamilyandfriendswhentheyaretogether.5.Whathealthproblemscanusingsmartphonesforalongtimecause?Itcancauseeyeproblems,suchasdryeyesandblurredvision,andalsoleadtoneckandbackpainduetobadpostureswhenusingthephone.解析：问题1，文中明确提到“Oneofthemainconveniencesiscommunication”和“Anotherconvenienceisaccesstoinformation”，所以答案是通信和获取信息。问题2，在阐述通信便利时，详细说明了“callorsendmessagestoanyonearoundtheworld”“usesocialmediaappstoshareourliveswithfriendsandfamily”以及“usevideocallingappstohavefacetofaceconversationswithpeoplefaraway”，这些都是使用智能手机进行通信的方式。问题3，文中指出“Oneofthebiggestproblemsisaddiction”，所以答案是成瘾问题。问题4，关于成瘾的影响，文中提到“affectstheirrealliferelationships.Theymayignoretheirfamilyandfriendswhentheyaretogether”，这就是成瘾对生活的影响。问题5，在健康影响方面，“Staringatthesmartphonescreenforalongtimecancauseeyeproblems,suchasdryeyesandblurredvision.Itcanalsoleadtoneckandbackpainduetobadpostureswhenusingthephone”，明确说明了长时间使用手机会导致的健康问题。任务型阅读（四）阅读短文，根据短文内容判断正（T）误（F）。Theworldisfacingaseriousproblemplasticpollution.Plasticiseverywhere,fromtheoceanstothemountains.Ittakeshundredsofyearsforplastictobreakdown,anditisharmfultotheenvironmentandwildlife.Manyseaanimalsmistakeplasticforfood.Whentheyeatplastic,itcanblocktheirdigestivesystemsandcausethemtodie.Plasticalsoreleasesharmfulchemicalsintotheenvironmentasitbreaksdownslowly.Tosolvethisproblem,manycountrieshavestartedtotakeaction.Somecountrieshavebannedtheuseofsingleuseplastics,suchasplasticbagsandstraws.Othershaveencouragedrecyclingprograms.Inaddition,individualscanalsoplayanimportantrole.Wecanreduceouruseofplasticproductsbyusingreusablebags,bottles,andcontainers.Wecanalsoparticipateinbeachcleanupactivitiestoremoveplasticfromtheenvironment.1.Plasticpollutionisaseriousproblemintheworld.(T)2.Plasticbreaksdownquicklyintheenvironment.(F)3.Eatingplasticcancauseseaanimalstodie.(T)4.Nocountryhastakenactiontosolvetheplasticpollutionproblem.(F)5.Individualscan'tdoanythingtohelpreduceplasticpollution.(F)解析：对于第1题，文中明确提到“Theworldisfacingaseriousproblemplasticpollution”，所以该表述正确。第2题，文中说“Ittakeshundredsofyearsforplastictobreakdown”，说明塑料分解很慢，而不是很快，所以该表述错误。第3题，“Manyseaanimalsmistakeplasticforfood.Whentheyeatplastic,itcanblocktheirdigestivesystemsandcausethemtodie”表明吃塑料会导致海洋动物死亡，该表述正确。第4题，文中提到“manycountrieshavestartedtotakeaction.Somecountrieshavebannedtheuseofsingleuseplastics...Othershaveencouragedrecyclingprograms”，说明很多国家已经采取行动，所以该表述错误。第5题，文中指出“individualscanalsoplayanimportantrole.Wecanreduceouruseofplasticproducts...Wecanalsoparticipateinbeachcleanupactivities”，说明个人可以采取很多措施来减少塑料污染，所以该表述错误。任务型阅读（五）阅读短文，根据短文内容完成句子。Globalwarmingisoneofthemostpressingenvironmentalissuesofourtime.Itismainlycausedbytheincreaseingreenhousegases,suchascarbondioxide,intheatmosphere.Theeffectsofglobalwarmingarefarreaching.Oneofthemostobviouseffectsistheriseinsealevels.AstheEarth'stemperatureincreases,theiceinthepolarregionsmelts,whichcausesthesealevelstorise.Thiscanleadtofloodingincoastalareas.Anothereffectisthechangeinweatherpatterns.Globalwarmingcancausemoreextremeweatherevents,suchasheatwaves,droughts,andheavyrainfall.Theseextremeweathereventscanhaveanegativeimpactonagriculture,waterresources,andhumanhealth.Toaddressglobalwarming,weneedtotakeaction.Wecanreduceourcarbonfootprintbyusingrenewableenergysources,suchassolarandwindpower.Wecanalsoplantmoretrees,astreesabsorbcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere.1.Globalwarmingismainlycausedbytheincreasein____________intheatmosphere.greenhousegases,suchascarbondioxide2.Oneofthemostobviouseffectsofglobalwarmingis____________.theriseinsealevels3.Themeltingoficeinthepolarregionsduetoglobalwarmingcanleadto____________incoastalareas.flooding4.Globalwarmingcancausemoreextremeweatherevents,whichcanhaveanegativeimpacton____________,waterresources,andhumanhealth.agriculture5.Wecanreduceourcarbonfootprintbyusing____________andplantingmoretrees.renewableenergysources,suchassolarandwindpower解析：第1题，文中明确提到“Itismainlycausedbytheincreaseingreenhousegases,suchascarbondioxide,intheatmosphere”，所以答案是温室气体，如二氧化碳。第2题，“Oneofthemostobviouseffectsistheriseinsealevels”直接给出了答案。第3题，“AstheEarth'stemperatureincreases,theiceinthepolarregionsmelts,whichcausesthesealevelstorise.Thiscanleadtofloodingincoastalareas”说明极地冰融化会导致沿海地区洪水泛滥。第4题，“Theseextremeweathereventscanhaveanegativeimpactonagriculture,waterresources,andhumanhealth”表明极端天气对农业、水资源和人类健康有负面影响。第5题，“Wecanreduceourcarbonfootprintbyusingrenewableenergysources,suchassolarandwindpower.Wecanalsoplantmoretrees”说明使用可再生能源和种树可以减少碳足迹。任务型阅读（六）阅读短文，将下面的段落大意与相应的段落匹配。A.TheimportanceofprotectingculturalheritageB.ThedefinitionandtypesofculturalheritageC.ThethreatstoculturalheritageD.Themeasurestoprotectculturalheritage1.Culturalheritagereferstothelegacyofphysicalartifactsandintangibleattributesofagrouporsociety.Itincludeshistoricalbuildings,artworks,traditionalcustoms,andlanguages.(B)2.Culturalheritageisofgreatsignificance.Ithelpsusunderstandourpast,shapeouridentity,andconnectdifferentgenerations.(A)3.However,culturalheritageisfacingmanythreats.Naturaldisasters,wars,andhumanactivitiessuchasurbanizationandpollutioncandamageordestroyculturalheritage.(C)4.Toprotectculturalheritage,weneedtotakevariousmeasures.Governmentscanmakelawstoprotecthistoricalbuildings.Peoplecanalsoparticipateinculturalheritageprotectionactivities.(D)解析：第1段对文化遗产进行了定义，指出它是一个群体或社会的物质和非物质遗产，并列举了历史建筑、艺术品、传统习俗和语言等类型，所以与B匹配。第2段强调了文化遗产的重要性，如帮助我们了解过去、塑造身份和连接不同世代，与A匹配。第3段阐述了文化遗产面临的威胁，包括自然灾害、战争以及城市化和污染等人类活动，与C匹配。第4段提出了保护文化遗产的措施，如政府立法和人们参与保护活动，与D匹配。任务型阅读（七）阅读短文，根据短文内容完成表格。Therearedifferenttypesoffestivalsaroundtheworld.Eachfestivalhasitsownuniquemeaningandcelebrationstyle.Springfestivalsareverypopular.InChina,theSpringFestivalisthemostimportanttraditionalfestival.Peoplecleantheirhouses,decoratethemwithredpapercuts,andhaveabigfamilyreuniondinneronNewYear'sEve.Theyalsosetofffireworkstowelcomethenewyear.InJapan,theCherryBlossomFestivalisheldinspring.Peoplegotoparkstoenjoythebeautifulcherryblossomsandhavepicnicsunderthetrees.Harvestfestivalsarealsosignificant.IntheUnitedStates,ThanksgivingDayisaharvestfestival.Familiesgettogether,haveabigmealwithturkeyasthemaindish,andgivethanksfortheharvest.InIndia,thePongalfestivalisaharvestfestival.PeoplecookaspecialdishcalledPongalandofferittothegodstoexpresstheirgratitudefortheharvest.|FestivalType|Country|FestivalName|CelebrationStyle|||||||SpringFestival|China|TheSpringFestival|Cleanhouses,decoratewithredpapercuts,haveafamilyreuniondinneronNewYear'sEve,setofffireworks||SpringFestival|Japan|TheCherryBlossomFestival|Gotoparkstoenjoycherryblossomsandhavepicnicsunderthetrees||HarvestFestival|TheUnitedStates|ThanksgivingDay|Familiesgettogether,haveabigmealwithturkeyasthemaindish,givethanksfortheharvest||HarvestFestival|India|ThePongalFestival|CookaspecialdishcalledPongalandofferittothegodstoexpressgratitudefortheharvest|解析：本题需要从文中提取不同国家不同类型节日的相关信息填入表格。在“SpringFestival”部分，对于中国的春节，文中描述了“cleantheirhouses,decoratethemwithredpapercuts,andhaveabigfamilyreuniondinneronNewYear'sEve.Theyalsosetofffireworkstowelcomethenewyear”，这些就是春节的庆祝方式。日本的樱花节，“Peoplegotoparkstoenjoythebeautifulcherryblossomsandhavepicnicsunderthetrees”是其庆祝风格。“HarvestFestival”中，美国的感恩节，“Familiesgettogether,haveabigmealwithturkeyasthemaindish,andgivethanksfortheharvest”是庆祝方式。印度的庞格尔节，“PeoplecookaspecialdishcalledPongalandofferittothegodstoexpresstheirgratitudefortheharvest”是其独特的庆祝方式。任务型阅读（八）阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。Healthyeatingisessentialforagoodlife.Abalanceddietshouldincludeavarietyoffoodsfromdifferentfoodgroups.Fruitsandvegetablesareanimportantpartofabalanceddiet.Theyarerichinvitamins,minerals,andfiber.Weshouldeatatleastfiveservingsoffruitsandvegetableseveryday.Grains,suchasbread,rice,andpasta,arealsonecessary.Theyprovideuswithenergy.Weshouldchoosewholegrainproductsastheyaremorenutritious.Proteinsareneededforgrowthandrepair.Goodsourcesofproteinincludemeat,fish,eggs,andbeans.Weshouldincludesomeproteinineachmeal.Dairyproducts,likemilk,cheese,andyogurt,areimportantforbonehealth.Theyarerichincalcium.1.Whyishealthyeatingessential?Becauseitisessentialforagoodlife.2.Howmanyservingsoffruitsandvegetablesshouldweeateveryday?Weshouldeatatleastfiveservingsoffruitsandvegetableseveryday.3.Whatdograinsprovideuswith?Grainsprovideuswithenergy.4.Whataregoodsourcesofprotein?Goodsourcesofproteinincludemeat,fish,eggs,andbeans.5.Whyaredairyproductsimportant?Dairyproductsareimportantforbonehealthbecausetheyarerichincalcium.解析：第1题，文中明确提到“Healthyeatingisessentialforagoodlife”，这就是健康饮食重要的原因。第2题，“Weshouldeatatleastfiveservingsoffruitsandvegetableseveryday”直接给出了答案。第3题，“Grains,suchasbread,rice,andpasta,arealsonecessary.Theyprovideuswithenergy”说明谷物能提供能量。第4题，“Goodsourcesofproteinincludemeat,fish,eggs,andbeans”列举了蛋白质的良好来源。第5题，“Dairyproducts,likemilk,cheese,andyogurt,areimportantforbonehealth.Theyarerichincalcium”解释了乳制品重要的原因。任务型阅读（九）阅读短文，根据短文内容判断句子正误，正确的写“T”，错误的写“F”。Sportsarenotonlygoodforourphysicalhealthbutalsoforourmentalhealth.Playingteamsports,suchasbasketballandfootball,canteachusteamworkandcooperation.Welearntoworktogetherwithourteammatestoachieveacommongoal.Individualsports,likeswimmingandrunning,canhelpusbuildselfconfidence.Whenwesetagoalandachieveitthroughourowneffortsinindividualsports,wefeelasenseofaccomplishment.However,weneedtobecarefulwhendoingsports.Weshouldwarmupbeforeexercisingtopreventinjuries.Weshouldalsochoosetherightsportsequipmentaccordingtothesportwearedoing.1.Sportsareonlygoodforphysicalhealth.(F)2.Teamsportscanteachusteamworkandcooperation.(T)3.Individualsportscan'thelpusbuildselfconfidence.(F)4.Wedon'tneedtowarmupbeforeexercising.(F)5.Weshouldchoosetherightsportsequipment.(T)解析：第1题，文中提到“Sportsarenotonlygoodforourphysicalhealthbutalsoforourmentalhealth”，说明运动对身心健康都有益，而不是仅对身体健康有益，所以该表述错误。第2题，“Playingteamsports,suchasbasketballandfootball,canteachusteamworkandcooperation”表明团队运动能教会我们团队合作，该表述正确。第3题，“Individualsports,likeswimmingandrunning,canhelpusbuildselfconfide