2025年上海春季高考英语冲刺复习讲练 第7讲：完形填空之高分思路点拨含详解

第07讲：完形填空之高分思路点拨

一知识梳理

【考情链接】

一，题型介绍

上海高考英语完形填空不仅考查学生对词汇，语法等基础知识的综合运用能力，而且考查学生的逻辑推理和篇章结

构理解能力。历年完形填空选材科学，结构清晰，主题明显，但文章阅读难易度指数(Readability)一般较大，区分度高,是历年

高考得分率较低的题型之一。备选项以实词为主,涉及名，动，形，副四类词，有时亦会考察逻辑衔接词或短语，突出词汇等选

项在语境及篇章结构环境下的最优匹配。命题主要思路：语义优先于语法原则,上下文语境分析原贝||。

考查目标：词汇,语法等的综合运用能力,而且考杳学生的逻辑推理和篇章结构理解能力。

命题原则：是“以实词为主，虚词极少涉及，突出词汇语境化”。

题型特点：该题型难度大,区分度高,是历年高考得分率较低的题型。

二，设题焦点

1.上下文直接信息题

2.词,句，文三结合理解题

3.词义辨析题

4.语法知识和固定短语考查题

5.行文逻辑和全文中心把握题

【要点梳理】

一，解题策略

1.语义优先于语法原则

文章的开头部分尤其是第一句话不设空格，据此可以对所选短文的题材有大致理解，单纯的语法题已从该题型中彻底消

失。所以理解文章的主旨大意，快速识别语篇类型(是议论文还是说明文，并进一步识别是其中具体某一类),进而预判篇章

结构以及作者的行文步骤和风格，心中有了大致的蓝图之后，即可结合以下各种解题技巧和对文章意思的理解对每个空

格作出正确的判断。

2.词内选项句内找原则

从近几年的高考原题来看,近义词或词组的辨析正成为考试的热点。四个选择项要么都是词义相近的名词单数或复数,

要么都是近义动词的同一时态等,只能根据上下文的语境作出正确的选择。如果提供的四个选择项词义相差悬殊,则上文

或下文肯定有答题提示，有时第一个空格要读完全文才能回答。

二，解题技巧

＞解题技巧一：依据首句线索，紧扣主题选择。

首句通常是文章的主题句，便于考生对短文主题,内容或背景有个大概了解。它的目的是向考生提供时间，地点，人物，事件,

论点等有用的信息。把握了主题句，对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。

(2024年宝山区二模)

Fordecades,peoplehaveguessedthatartificialintelligence(AI)willeventuallyreplacehumanworkers.Butdevelopments

inthepastfewyearshave___41___theseconcernsascompanieshavereleasedAIthatcananswerquestions,writearticlesand

createimages.Now,evenpeopleincreativefieldsmustconsiderthe___42___ofAIreplacingthem.Butmanyexpertsstillinsist

thattheseAIprogramsarenosubstituteforhumanability.

41.A.deniedB.preventedC.transferredD.intensified

42.A.functionB.possibilityC.capabilityD.character

＞解题技巧二：仔细推敲，注意逻辑关系和过渡词。

做题时，要充分利用上下文，找到适当的逻辑关系。常考逻辑关系有：并列，转折，递进，对比，因果，让步.例证等。分为以下

5种关系：

①对立关系

包括让步和转折关系，常见的标志词和短语：but,however,yet,onthecontraiy,bycontrast,unfortunately,although,even

though,nevertheless,inspiteregardlessof,anyhow,insteadof,ratherthan,not...but等。

②因果关系

常用的标志词和短语有:because,fbr,since,as,thus,hence,therefore,so,so...that,such...that,inorderthat,

consequently,accordingly,dueto,thanksto,inresponseto,onaccountof,becauseof,considering(hat,seeingthat,inthat,now

that,asaresult,forthisreason等。

③并列关系

常用的标志词和短语有:and,or,neither...nor,either...or,notonly...butalso,likewise,similarly,equally,inthesame

way,thatistosay,aswellas,thesame...as等。

④总分关系

常用的标志词和短语有:suchas,forexample,forinstance,toillustrate,asanillustration,to(akeanexample,more

specifically等。

⑤递进关系

常用的标志词和短语有：then,besides,additionally,inaddition,furthermore,moreover,whatismore,what'sworse,even

worse等。

（2024年崇明区二模）

Furthermore.___47___researchisneededtoknowwhateffecttheclassroomvisualenvironmenthasonchildreifsattentionand

learninginrealclassrooms,MFishersaid."___481.Iwouldsuggestthatinsteadofremovingalldecorations,teachersshould

considerwhethersomeoftheirvisualdisplaysdomakeitdifficultforyoungchildrento___49___

47.A.additionalBpriorC.nationalD.independent

48.A.HoweverB.BesidesC.ThereforeD.Meanwhile

49.A.stretchB.adaptC.concentrateD.explore

＞解题技巧三：根据上下文逻辑关系，辨析词义。

（2024年奉贤区二模）

25money,alltheycouldaffordwassomePVCpipesandducttape（强力胶布）.26,theysearchedthe

cityfbrvariousspareparts,gatheringwhatevertheycouldtobringtheirvisiontolife.Withtheteachers,guidanceand

encouragement,they27togetherarobotwithnomorethanmetalandwires.

25.A.ReliantonB.AvailabletoC.ShortofD.Desperatefor

26.A.ThereforeB.OtherwiseC.MoreoverD.However

27.A.tiedB.piecedC.addedD.wrapped

＞解题技巧四：注意同形词或词组的辨析。

（2024年虹口区二模）

WhilethelegalactiontakenbyChileisthemostimpactfuland51todate,othercountriesarcconsideringupdating

existinglawstofacethenewdevelopmentsinneurotechnologies.

51.A.far-reachingB.labor-savingC.short-sightedD.ill-limed

＞解题技巧五:利用原词复现或同现，选择最佳选项。

（2024年嘉定区二模）

Sincehisvideo,theconcepthascaughtonrapidlyamongthe47,whoarepointingoutthatithascomeata

significanttimewheneverythingisuncontrollablyexpensive.............

Thistrendhelpsyoungmoderatespendingby50theideaoflivingwithinbudgets?'

...........bu:acoolwayfbrtheyoungergenerationto55theirfinances.

47.A.maleB.femaleC.youngD.old

（2023•上海金山•统考二模）

Asamatteroffact,sciencehasneverbeena(n)___45___effort.IsaacNewtonstoodonthe“shouldersofgiants^^;Neil

Armstrong's"onesmallstep“wasadreamrealizedbyhundredsofthousandsofengineersandscientists.Scienceis,andalways

hasbeen,andrepetitiveprocesswhereindividualsdrawondiscoveriesmadebyothersto___(gradually)___advancethe

boundariesofhumanknowledge.

45.A.terrificB.constantC.intellectualD.individual

＞解题技巧六：注意固定搭配，常用句型及生活常识以及文化背景确定选项。

(2023•上海虹口•统考二模)

ThemajorityofAmerica's700,000orsoeateriesnow(distribute)bymeansofadeliveryapp.Modernlife

makespeoplerelymoreonconveniencefood,asmorewomenworkandeverybodyis44time.Indoingso,ithasalso

changedoneofSiliconValley'smostcriticizedbusinessmodels.

RestaurantsenteredthedigitalworldtwodecadesagowhenTinEuropeandGrubhubinAmericaputmenus

45.

44.A.friendlytoB.experiencedinC.shortofD.responsiblefbr

45.A.outsideB.rightC.onlineD.free

＞解题技巧七：仔细分析长难句，找出主从句等。

(2023•上海宝山•统考二模)

Somepeopletryto53themselvesfromthesong,anditworks.Youcan(ryreadingabook,listeningtoa

differentsongorevenplayinganinstrument.Others54thetuneinquestion,becauseitiscommonlybelievedthat

earwormsoccurwhenyourememberonlypartofasong;hearing(heentiresongmaystopit.Neia“ogisfs(神经学家)pointout

thatit'srecommendabletochewgumtoreducethe55ofancarworinbecausejawmovementinterfereswithmusical

iiicniory.However,it'siinporlarillonoteihalthispliunoiiiunonusuallylastslessthan24hours.

53.A.perceiveB.isolateC.distractD.identify

54.A.seekoutB.actoutC.castoutD.knockout

55.A.proportionB.intensityC.integrityD.preference

附1：完形填空高频词汇

abandon;absorb;acquire;activate;adapt;address;adjust;adopt;affect;alter;avoid;ask;add

balance;bringup;bring

challenge;collect;change;convince;comeback;carryout;choose;contain;come:cooperate;

commit;counter;complete;compose

define;distribute;decrease;discourage;dominate;drive;

experience;escape;enter;end;emphasize;envy;educate;equal;ease

find;forbid;function;fasten;facilitate;force;form

gain;gowith;giveinto;get;grant;guess

interest;introduce;

动词judge;

improve;inquire;indicate;involve;inspire;impacton

limit;load;layoff;learn

make;miss;makeanyprogress

organize;operate;

prove:propose;prevent:protect:

ruin;require;relieve;realize;relate;receive;resist;reach;recall;risk;review;

stress;send;spread;spreadout;serveanypurpose;smile;share;sleep

take;takeanyadvantage;

use;understand;

winanysupport

addict;advance;advantage;admire;attraction;aspect;adolescent;adulthood;amount;

achievenient;acconiEiodaiion;ability;association;

behavior;benefit;business;

coincidence;chance;comparison;concept;condition;culture;case;company;childhood;custom;

case;cause;cleaner;comparison;

distraction;decision;donation;disease;distinction;

evidence;expense;effort;extent;emotion;event;entertainment;

名词falsehood;Hgurc;fairness;feeling;tact;

guidance;

habit;harmony;handwriting;

innovation;innocence;inquiry;inlention;intent;interest;implement;impact;issue;interaction;

knowledge;

live;local;invitation;leisure;look;

mystery:method;mood;minority;majority;mass;minimum;

neighborhood:

object;occasion;

purpose;productivity;postponement;payment;peace;procedure;

question:quantity;quality;

resistance;risk;receipt;reception;result;restaurant;reform;responsibility;resource;

score;scene;survey;surrounding;service;support;structure;smile;

temptation;trend;tiredness;thickness;thought;trouble;tourist;transport;trust;

visitor;view;

wait;

alarming;active;alert;alternative;appropriate;appropriate;alternative;

better;

charming;calm;critical;concerning;courageous;creative;clearer;complex;crucial;compulsory;

disappointing;delighied;

extraordinary;encouraging;environmental;economic;earlier;

frustrating;familiar;faster;

generous;geographic;

harmless;historical;

inevitable;instructing;important;imaginary;innovative;individual;

logic;longer;later;

形容词

major;

national;

opposite;objective;

preventable;persistent;

ridiculous;resistant;relevant;

strange;silent;sustainable;sufficient;small;satisfied;same;similar;slower;slight;separate;

smaller;shorter;sustainable;

true;tough;temporary;

unfamiliar;unblocked;universal;unconscious:unique;useful

wrong;wider;

accidentally;

bycontrast;Besides;

consequently;considerably;constantly;consciously;

deliberately;delicately;

equally;eventually;equivalently;

fully;Forexample;

副词

gradually;

however;happily;

Inparticular;Inconclusion;Incomparison;inaword;inaddition;inwantof;incaseof;infavour

of;inadditionto;

meanwhile;Moreover;

necessarily;

otherwise;obviously;occasionally;

really;readily;really:rather;respectively;

附2：seriously;兀

形Therefore;填

空what'smore;常

见形

近词：

l.fer

I.confer商议，2.offer提供3differ与不同.41偃「推断,5矛的右更喜欢,6.suffer遭受［.refer提及，参考,8.〔ransfer转移

2.form

1.inform通知2perfonn表演，表现3platform站台,4.transform转变，变革,5.uniform制服.

1.formal正式的2f0rmei•前者,3.infoimation信息,4.format格式,5.formula方程式,6.formation形成

3.pose

I.compose组成2dispose处置,3.deposit存钱,4.expose暴露,5.impose强加,6.oppose反对,7.propose提议，求婚,8.purpose目

的,9.suppose猜想，假设

4.fine

1.define卜.定义2refine提炼3confine局限于,4.infinite无限的,5.finite芍限的,6.finish完成

5.quire

I.require要求,2.inquire打听，询问,3.acquire获得

6.serve

1.deserve值得,2.reserve预订3conserve保留,4.preservc保存,5.conservativc保守的,6.obscrve观察

7.vis

I.vision视力，远见2visual视觉的,3.visible可见的,4.television电视,5.visil参观.

Lievise修改2device装置,3.advise建议,4.supervise监督

8.scribe

1.describe描述,2.prescribe开处方3script手稿

9.port

1.export出□,2.import进口,3.transport运输,4.opportunity机会,5.suppon支持,6.passporl护照

1.portable可携带的2portion部分,3.proportion比例

lO.part

1.partner伙伴,2.particular特别的,3.participate参与

11.pend

1.expend花费2depend依靠,3.suspend延缓，悬浮,4.indispensable不可或缺,5.expendi〔ure花销

12.sume

1.assume猜想,承担281^111］】。消耗,消费,33。$山'0©假设,4.resume简历.重新开始

13.press

1.depress压抑2express表达，迅速的,3.impress给...印象,3.compress压缩,4.oppress压迫5.pressure压力

14.spect

1.aspect方面,2.respect尊敬，方面,3.perspective观点,4.suspect怀疑,5.prospect前景,6.inspect检查,7.expect期待

1.spectator观众2spectacular壮观的

1.species物种2special特别的3specialized专门的,4.specific具体的,5.specify具体说明

15.vail

1.available可用的2prevail流行

16.1ect

1.select挑选2elect选举,3.coHect收集,4.neglect忽视,5.intellect智力,6.dialect方言［.reflect反映，反射

I7.1ieve

I.believe相信2「elieve解放,3.achieve获得

18.verse

1.adverse不利的2diverse各种各样,3.universe宇宙的,4.reverse颠倒，倒转,5.converse交谈,相反的,6.university大学,7.

version版本，译本,8.anniversary周年纪念口

I9.volve

I.revolve旋转，革命2involve包含，牵连,3.evoKe进化

1.volume数额，音量

20.ssion

Lpassion激情2commission佣金,委员会,3.mission使命,4.session议程

2l.il1

l作坊2pill药丸,3.spill溅,4.bin账单直到,6.th坊1激动

22.mit

1.commit犯….错误2omit省略,3.limit限制,4.permit允许,5.emit泄漏，释放,6.lransmit传播［.submit提交,屈服于,8.summit

峰会

23.suc

l.issue话题2.pursue追求3.tissue（肌肉）组织

24.ray

1.pray祷告2spray喷射,3.tray托盘,4.betray背叛,5.gray灰色

25.slance

1.instance事例,2.dis【ance距离,3.substance物质,4.circumstance环境

26.stitute

1.constitute组成，宪法,2.institute机构,3.substitute代替.

27.tract

1.attract吸引2distract（使）分心,3.conlract签合同，收缩4.abstract抽象的，摘要5.subtract减,6.tractor拖拉机7.extract提

取：榨取

28.ceed

I.exceed超过,2.succeed成功，接替,3.proceed继续

29.cede

1.recede衰退2concede给予,3.precede在..之前

3O.struct

1.structure结构2instruct指导3construct建筑,4.destruct毁灭

31.sist

1.assist协助,2.consist组成,3.resist反抗,4.persist坚持,5.insist坚持,6.sister姐妹

32.ash

1.clash碰撞2crash碰碎3smash粉碎

33.rrow

1.borrow借2narrow狭窄的3arro\v剑,4.sparrow麻雀,5.sorrow悲伤,6.tomorrow明天

34.llow

1.fellow伙伴,2.follow跟随,3.hollow空心的,4.pillow枕头,5.yellow黄色的,6.allow允许,7.shallow浅的,8.swallow吞，燕子

35.tain

1.attain达到2contain包含,3.obtain获得,4.stain污渍,5.sustain支持，持续,6.entertain娱乐［.retain滞留,8.maintain保持

36.ulatc

1.stimulate刺激,2.accumulate枳蓄,3.calculatc计算,“speculate推测,5.regulate调节,6.circulate循环

37.prise

I.comprise组成,2.surprise惊讶,3.enlerprise企业

38.fuse

1.confuse使..疑惑2refuse拒绝,3.diffuse熔化

39.gress

I.progress进步,2.regress倒退,3.aggressive进攻性的,4.congress国会

40.vention

I.convention传统，会议2invenlion发明,3.adventure冒险,4.inlervention干预,5.preven【阻止,6.event大事件

y课堂精练

【精选】上海市2024年各区一模完形填空难题易错题剖析:

X2024一模•杨浦-50/51/52

Step1:Whatisitthatyouwanttodo

Decidewhatyouwantto50assmalldailyhabits.Next,thinkabouthowandwhenyouwilldo(his.

51,considerthehabitsthataffecthappinessnegativelyandthatyouwanttobreak.Likeme,doyouwantto

52eatinglunchatyourdeskandgetoutsideinstead?

50.A.buryB.changeC.addD.delete

51.A.GenerallyB.AlternativelyC.EventuallyD.Initially

52.A.enjoyB.imagineC.delayD.stop

X2024一模•浦东・53

Evaporatedwalercoolshotair,aprocessknownasevaporativecoolingwhichis52inHuizhouskywells.Inthe

past,Huizhoufamiliescollectedrainwaterintheirskywellsbecausetheybelievedthiscouldsafeguardandboosttheirwealth.

Skywellsthereforehavechannelsaroundthemto53rainwatercomingfromtheroofs.

53.A.collectB.purifyC.drainD.evaporate

X2024一模•闵行・50

Arecentstudyofcross-culturalobservationaldatalastingthepastl(X)years—muchofwhichwas___50___byManthe

Huntercontributors—foundthatwomenfromawiderangeofcultureshumanimalsforfood.79percentof(he63societieswith

cleardescriptionsoftheirhuntingstrategiesreportedlyfeaturewomen___51___.Thewomenareinvolvedinhunting

regardlessoftheirchildbearingstatus.

50.A.quotedB.ignoredC.collectedD.stored

X2024一模•宝山・42

Ideally,childhoodisatimeofgrowthandlearning,preparingforadulthoodandalsohavingfun.Butformanychildren

aroundtheworld,thistimeiscutshortwhsntheyarcforcedtowork,sometimesindangerousconditions.___41___,theUnited

Nations(U.N.),somenationalgovernmentsandotherorganizations___42___June12astheannualWorlcDayAgainstChild

Labor.

42.A.recognizeB.discoverC.chooseD.consider

X2024一模•嘉定・47

Rememberthatinterviewsaremoreaboutmakingstrong47thanprovingqualifications.Thisisatwo-stepprocessthat

willrequiresomehomework.First,identifywhattheorganizationspecificallyneedsfromthisrole.Second,48your

response:opositionyourselfasthebestpersontofillthatneed.

47.A.transitionsB.judgmentsC.matchesD.distributions

X2024一模•普陀•53/55

“Thescientificevidenceis53-wewillcontinuetoseemoreclimaterecordsandmoreintenseandfrequent

extremeweathereventsimpactingsocietyandecosystems,untilwestop54greenhousegases/'readastatementfrom

SamanthaBurgess,deputydirectorof(heEuropeanUnion'sCopernicusClimateChangeService,whichalso55ihai

thissummerwasthehottestonrecord.

53.A.irresistibleB.unchangeableC.inaccessibleD.unbearable

54.A.conveyingB.releasingC.relievingD.dismissing

55.A.predictedB.expectedC.doubtedD.determined

X2024一模•黄浦・46/47

Often,welovefoodbecausewehave46memoriesassociatedwithit.Mymom'smashedpotatoes(土豆泥)

remindmeofholidayjoyandpastreunionswithextendedfamily.Wearealsodrawn(ofoodsweweregivenearlyinlifeby

peoplewhocaredforus,whichcanhelpexplainour47loveforchickennoodlesoup,whichmanyparentsfeedtheir

sickchildrentomakethemfeelbetter.

46.A.culturalB.fondC.photographicD.shared

47.A.collectiveB.creativeC.lostD.parental

一课后反馈

模拟基础练I

Z^x

WhenHarrytoldmethathewasleavingthecompany,oneofthefirstthingshesaidtomewasthathedidn'tlikeemotional

goodbyes.Ihavedecidedtotakehimathisword.Everythingyouwillhearmesaytonightisstraightforwardand21,

justlikethemanhimself.

Harryhasbeeninthefinancedepartmentforsevenyears.InIhattime,hehasnotdoneanythingremotely22.I

askedseveralpeopleiftheyhadanecdotes（轶事）abouthim,andthebesttheycouldcomeupwithisthatheonceaccidentally

changedaformulaintheannualbudgetspreadsheet.Sincethe23wasquicklyspottedandfixed,ithadnoimpactatall.

WillHarrybe24?Notatall,thoughforreasonsthathemaynotfullygrasp.Thisisaneveninginwhichtheperson

whoisleavingreceivespresents（aswellasacardfrompeoplewhosenamesyoudon'trecognizebutwhojustlovedworkingwith

you）.Butthe25goesbothways.Theleavershaveapartinggiftoftheirowntopresent:aconvenientscapegoat（替罪

羊）.

Whensomeonedies,iheconventionisnottospeakillofthedeparted.Whenanemployee26acompany,il'sthe

opposite.Thingsthatdon'tworkaswellastheyshouldcanbelaidatthedoorofsomeonewhowon't27.Frustrations

thathavebeensuppressedcanfinallybeblamedonsomeone.Whenwespeakofyou,wewillsaythingslike“Harryhadmany

strengthsbut...”,andwewill28ourselvesthatyouheldusbackabit.Thiswillnotbetrue,butitwillbe29.

I'dliketotakethisopportunitytotellyouthatwcarcgratefulfbrthis30actofservice,whichcanlastfbraslongas

ayearaftersomeonehasacuiallyleftthebuilding.Afterthat,memoriestendiofade.IwishIcouldpromiseyouthatyouarcpari

ofcompanyfolklore,orthatyourroleinbanningplasticstrawsfromtheofficewillringthroughtheages.31,theonly

guaranteeIcangiveisthatnooneherewilleverreadyourexit-interviewnotes.

Thismayallseemalittle32.Youhavespentmanyyearsatthecompany,andyetwillprobably33.

Butinspiteofthat,youshouldstillfeel34inyourtimehere.Tohavedoneyourworkwellandtoleaveatatimeof

yourchoosingareachievementsthatarebeyondmostpeople.SopleaseraiseyourglassestoHarry.Hehasbeenanexcellent

colleagueandwon'treallybe35.

21.A.off（heguardB.tothepointC.intheswingD.onthehorizon

22.A.funnyB.impressiveC.correctD.creative

23.A.breakdownB.discoveryC.mistakeD.crack

24.A.hatedB.rememberedC.adoredD.forgotten

25.A.impactB.exchangeC.ceremonyD.end

26.A.joinsB.foundsC.reformsD.exits

27.A.comeupB.answerbackC.leaveoffD.backaway

28.A.persuadeB.infonnC.remindD.caution

29.A.pointlessB.consequentialC.significantD.convenient

30.A.selflessB.grandC.finalD.accidental

31.A.InsteadB.OthenviseC.BesidesD.Therefore

32.A.weirdB.amusingC.excitingD.sad

33.A.makenodifferenceB.leavelittletraceC.havesonicsayD.producemuchimpact

34.A.regretB.guiltC.prideD.pain

35.A.missedR.replacedC.erasedD.blamed

重难提升练I

[2024-2025学年上海七宝中学高三上学期英语月考卷】

Before1815manufacturingintheUnitedStateshadbeendoneinhomesorshopsbyskilledartisans.Asmastercraftworkers,

theyimpartedtheknowledgeoftheirtradestoapprentices（学徒）andjourneymen（熟练二匚）.21womenoftenworkedin

theirhomespart-time,makingfinishedarticlesfromrawmaterialsuppliedbymerchantcapitalists.After1815thisolderformof

manufacturingbeganto22factorieswithmachinerytendedbyunskilledorsemiskilledlaborers.23

transportationnetworks,（heriseofcities,andtheavailabilityofcapitalandcreditallstimulatedtheshifttofactoryproduction.

Apprenticeswereconsideredpartofthefamily,andmasterswereresponsiblenotonlyforteachingtheirapprenticesatrade

butalsotorprovidingthemwithsomeeducationandfor24theirmoralbehavior.Journeymenknewthatifthey

25theirskill,theycouldbecomerespectedmasterartisanswiththeirownshops.Also,skilledartisansdidnotworkby

theclock.

Thefactorychangedthat.Goodsproducedbyfactorieswerenotasfinishedorelegantasthosedonebyhand,andpridein

craftsmanshipgavewayto（he26toincreaseratesofproductivity.Thenewmethodsofdoingbusinessinvolvedanew

andstrictersenseoftime.Absenteeismandlatenesshurtproductivityand,sinceworkwasspecialized,27theregular

factoryroutine.Industrializationnotonlyproducedafundamentalchangeinthewayworkwasorganized;it28thevery

natureofwork.

Thefirstgenerationtoexperiencethesechangesdidnotadoptthenewattitudeseasily.Thefactoiyclockbecamethesymbol

ofthenewworkrules.Onemillworkerwhofinally29complainedrevealinglyabout“obediencetotheding-dongofthe

bell-justasthoughwearcsomanylivingmachines."Withthe30ofpersonalfreedomalsocamethelossofstandingin

thecommunity.Unlikeartisanworkshopsinwhichapprenticesworked31withthemasterssupervisingthem,factories

sharplyseparatedworkersfrommanagement.Fewworkersrosethroughtherankstosupervisorypositions,andevenwell-paid

workerssensedtheir32instatus.

Inthisnewlyemergingeconomicorder,workerssometimesorganizedtoprotecttheirrightsandtraditionalwaysoflife.The

labormovementgatheredsomemomentum（动力，势头）inthedecadebeforethePanicof1837,butinthedepressionthat

followed,laborsstrength33.Duringhardlimes,fewworkerswerewillingtostrikeor34collectiveaction.

Andskilledcraftworkers,wholedtheunionmovement,didnotfeelaparticularlystrongbondwithsemiskilledfactoryworkers

andunskilledlaborers.Morethanadecadeofagitation（激烈争论）didfinallybringaworkdayshortenedto10hourstomost

industriesbythe1850s',andthecourtsalsorecognizedworkers'righttostrike,butthese35hadlittleimmediate

impact.

21.A.OtherwiseB.MoreoverC.HoweverD.Therefore

22.A.givewaytoR.makeupforCgetridofDendupwith

23.A.ExpensiveB.PublicC.DifficultD.Cheap

24.A.displayingB.supervisingC.respectingD.predicting

25.A.sharedB.assessedC.perfectedD.applied

26.A.pressureB.hatredC.freedomD.disappointment

27.A.followedB.brokeC.establishedD.fixed

28.A.ignoredB.demandedC.guaranteed