能源学术英语综合教程1教师手册Unit4-TB

Unit4EnergyandSustainabilityViewingandspeakingViewing11-5:TFTFF21990s1.5million;27%80%-95%;50%;80%35billion10thousand40%TranscriptGermanyisintransition.Oneoftheworld’slargesteconomiesispursuinganambitiousgoal‒switchingtorenewableenergy.Forthecompletetransformationofitsenergyinfrastructure,theGermanenergymarketisenteringanewage.Intelligentideas,resoluteaction,andpoliticalwillhavemadeGermanyafrontrunner.Sincetheearly1990s,bothcompaniesandcitizenshavebeeninvestinginsolar,windandbio-energypowerplants.Theseinvestmentsaresupportedbyanattractiveandstablelegalframework.Germany’senergyrevolutioniswellunderwayandmovingforwardwithgreatmomentum.Morethan1.5millionrenewablepowerplantshavebeeninstalledinGermanyoverthepast25years.Aworldrecord!Renewablesnowproduceover27%oftheelectricityconsumedinGermany.Butthisisjustthebeginning.Germany’senergytransitionispursuingambitiousgoals.It’splannedthatby2050theemissionofgreenhousegaseswillhavebeenreducedby80%-95%.Toachievethis,energyconsumptionwillbereducedby50%andatleast80%ofelectricitywillcomefromrenewables.Off-shorewind,on-shorewindandsolararethefuturepillarsofGermany’senergysupply.Sunandwindarefluctuatingenergysources.Variationsingenerationcausedbytheweathermustbebalancedout.Thismeansintegratingrenewableenergyintotheenergyinfrastructureisthemainchallenge.Theexistingelectricitygridneedstobeadaptedandgridparticipantsneedtobeabletocommunicateinanintelligentnetwork‒asmartgrid.Morestoragecapacityforrenewableenergyneedstobebuilt,andlargeinvestmentswillbeneededtoimproveenergyefficiencyfurther.Thefluctuatingsupplyofelectricityfromrenewablesrequiresupgradestobemadetotheentirepowergrid.Aninvestmentofover35billioneurosisplannedfortheconstructionofhigh-voltagetransmissionlines,electricityautobahnsfromthewind-richnorthtomajorindustrialregions.Largeinvestmentsarealsoplannedforthelocaldistributiongridsaswellasfornewcommunicationtechnologiesthatwillquicklyidentifyanybottlenecks.Energystoragesystemsareanotherkeytointegratingandusingrenewableenergyoptimally.Largebatterysystemsalreadyhelpedstabilizethegridbycompensatingforfluctuationsinrealtime.Thefallingcostofsolarpowerismakingenergystorageincreasinglyattractiveforprivatehouseholdstoo.Thisledtoaround10thousandsolarbatterysystemsbeinginstalledinGermanhouseholdsin2014alone.Increasingenergyefficiencyinallsectorsisanotherpillaroftheenergytransition.Germanyisoneoftheworld’sleadingindustrialnationsinthisfield.Thecountryalreadyconsumeslessprimaryenergythan25yearsago.Energyconsumptionisbecomingincreasinglydecoupledfromeconomicgrowth.Buildingsaccountforaround40%ofGermany’senergyconsumption,mostofwhichisusedforheating.Thefederalgovernmentoffersuniqueincentivesforupgradingtheenergyperformanceofbuildings.World-leadingGermanresearchinstitutesanduniversitiesworkcloselywithindustrytobringinnovationstothemarket.Whetherforwindorsolarpower,greaterintegration,energystorageorenergyefficiency,Germanyishometooutstandingresearchanddevelopmentfacilities.Speaking2Solarenergycanbeuseddirectlyforvariouspurposes;windenergy,hydropowerandbioenergyallcomeindirectlyfromthesun.IntheplacewhereIlive,solarwaterheatersareinstalledontheroofsofthebuildings,providinghotwaterfortheshower.Intheneighboringcommunity,solarpanelsareinstalledoutsidethewallsofbuildings,rightunderthewindowsofeachapartment.InthenearbyparkwhereIusuallytakeawalkafterdinner,thelightsarealsopoweredbythesun.3cleanenergyCleanenergyistheenergythatcanbeextracted,generatedandconsumedwithoutanysignificantnegativeimpactontheenvironment,collectedfromrenewableresourceswhicharenaturallyreplenishedonahumantimescale,suchassunlight,wind,tidesandgeothermalheat.Itprovidesenergyinfourimportantareas:electricitygeneration,airandwaterheating/cooling,transportation,andruralenergyservices.Cleanenergyisoneofthekeypillarsofsustainabledevelopmentinthatithelpsreducedependenceonfossilfuelresources,provideopportunitiesformitigatinggreenhousegases,andservetheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingthesustainabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirenergyneeds.ExtensivereadingIntegratedexercises11Ourelectricitysectorhasgonethroughdramaticchanges;We’reclearlyinatimeofunparalleledtransformation;Acleanenergyfutureisonewewanttomakecertainnottomiss.2Powerplantslikesolarandwindonesrequirenofueldelivery;Don’thavetoworryaboutairorwaterpollution,orwateruse,orcatastrophicfailures;Beabletospendmoreenergydollarsonpeople;Meetenergydemandwithlessenergywithefficientlighting,motors,andappliances.3Cleanenergymeansjobsinmanufacturing,installation,servicing,etc.;itcanmeanrevenuesforcommunitiesandlandownerswhohostrenewableenergy;Peoplewanthealthyairandcleanwaterfortheircommunitiesandtheirkids;Wecanfindleadershipandsupportinarangeofplacesandcolors.4Thereisplentywecandoforthegrid.Arangeofnewtechnologiesandapproachesarelettingusbemuchmoreactiveparticipantsinmakingtheelectricitygridworkforall.Harnessingthepowerofsunbeamsandsilicon,wecanturnourroofsintominipowerplants,andgenerateelectricitynotjusttomeetourownneedsbuttohelputilitiesandthelocalelectricitygridsmeetpeakpowerdemandsonhot,sunnydays.2challengesopportunitieswewanttomakecertainnottomisseasierroutefromacrossthepoliticalspectrumasolidmajorityofaffordablerooftopsolarelectricitysuppliespurposeanddirectionpostponewin3Examples:energypricevolatilitysupply-demandimbalanceenergypovertyenergysecuritygreenhouseeffectenvironmentalproblems4清洁能源激动人心的雄辩言辞能源转型着眼于过去经历巨变弄清新的商业模式金融工程燃料运输灾难性后果选民登记表广泛吸引力许多地方无论就职演讲小型发电厂发电满足我们自己的需要用电需要高峰期放手去做树立远大目标恪守肯尼迪诞辰100周年纪念日史无前例的大变革时代电力供需关系不同政治派别的人绝大部分美国人分布式能源技术5asolidmajorityofstudentsintheclasshasgonethroughdramaticchangesoverthepasttwodecadesawiderangeoffacilitiesregardlessofagemeettheneedsofyounglearnersmustlivebymyrulesIntensivereadingWarmingup1F2F3F4T5T6T7T8FTextunderstanding11Ifyoutrytopushaboulder,itpushesyouback.Onceyou’vestartedtheboulderrolling,itdevelopsmomentum.Afootballplayermovingatspeedhasalotofmomentum.Inasportsteamorapresidentialcampaign,everybodyrelisheshavingthe“BigMo”.2Theyareunbelievablyexpensive.Theyarebuilttolastforaverylongtime.Theyhaveahugeamountofinertia.Theyhavealotofmomentumoncethey’resetinmotion.3momentuminertia2alightbulbthebulbanditsfixtureroomsandentirebuildingsbetrainedenergyworkerstrainingprogramscostlyinstallationslengthylifespanshavebeenrecovered3previousenergytransitionsinertiaandmomentumLanguagebuilding11-5:befgc6-10:jadih21-5:BBBBB6-10:CBBAB3possibilityresistantpainfulregulatorsubsequentbuilderlengthilyinvestmentcontinualpromoter4feasibleoutdoormotionarrayspandistribution5movingobjectthestateofmotionmoveatspeedkineticenergypresidentialcampaignenergytransitionaircraftcarrierincandescentlightbulbchangealightbulbdesklampinaccordancewithcarryoutbelaidoffintherightsequenceinsomecasestrainingprogramcomeintoplaythelifespanrecoverthecostgointocommercialserviceinanunprecedentedmannergasoline-poweredcarelectriccarfluorescentlight6Onceyou’vestartedtheboulderrolling,itdevelopsmomentum,whichisdefinedbyitsmassandvelocity.Considertheincandescentbulb,acurrentobjectofhatredofmanyenvironmentalistsandenergy-efficiencyadvocates.Theincandescentlightbulb,whichcametobethesymbolofinspiration,hasbeendevelopedintohundreds,ifnotthousands,offorms.It’seasytochangealightbulb,butit’shardertochangethebulbanditsfixture.Notonlydoourprospectivenewenergyworkershavetobetrained,theyhavetobetrainedintherightsequence.Insomecases,collegesanduniversitiesmighthavetochangetheirtrainingprograms,addinganotherlayerofdifficulty.TheoldestcontinuouslyoperatedcommercialhydroelectricplantintheUnitedStatesisonNewYork’sHudsonRiver,anditwentintocommercialservicein1898.7Theremaybeproblemsifresponsibilitiesarenotclearlydefined.Shewasaskedtodotheafter-salesservice;thatis,shehadtotunethepianosforthecustomersintheirhomes.Goodcommunicationiskeytooursuccess.Theinfluenceofnewhousingpoliciesreachesfarbeyondthehousingmarketitself.Hecametorealizehewasonlyapuppet.Thestoreoffersadazzlingarrayofgardentools.Itisonethingtoannouncespendingcuts,butit’sanotherthingtocarrythemout.Giventhatsheisfondofchildren),Iamsureteachingistherightcareerforher.This

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incidentitemfactorMacro-skill:Unity1Paragraph1showsunityofaparagraph.Itfocusesonthetopic:aquantitativemeasureofthequalityoflife.Paragraph2lacksunityinthatthelastthreesentences,coveringdifferenttopicssuchascivilizationandculture,deviatefromthetopicofthisparagraph:aquantitativemeasureofthequalityoflife.Paragraph3alsolacksunity.Thelasttwosentencesdealwithanothertopic:therelationshipbetweenthequalityoflifeandpercapitaelectricityconsumption.2Paragraph4:Recentscientificevidenceshowsthatmajorandwidespreadclimatechangeshaveoccurredwithstartlingspeed.Paragraph5:Onshorewindhastheadvantageofbeingoneofthemostaffordablerenewableenergysources.2Paragraph4Crossout:Preventingcatastrophicclimatechangesis,atitscore,anenergychallenge.Wehumanbeingsshouldmakeconcertedeffortstofacethechallenge.Paragraph5Crossout:Somee