高考总复习优化设计二轮用书英语A 文体分类练3　说明文之新发明新产品类

文体分类练(三)说明文之新发明/新产品类高考总复习优化设计GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2025Passage

1(2024宁夏银川二模)主题:发明创造

词数:324

难度:★★★☆☆3MandDiscoveryEducationannouncedSeanJiangfromGilmanSchoolasoneofthetoptenfinalistsfromacrossthenationforthe20233MYoungScientistChallenge.It’sacompetitionthatencouragesstudentstoidentifyaneverydayproblemandsubmitavideoshowingthesciencebehindthesolutionheorshecameupwith.14-year-oldJiangdecidedtohelpthosewhocan’tsee.Blindpeoplehadahardtimenavigating(导航)objectsthataremediumtofarrange.SoJiangwantedtodesignsomethingtogivethemaheads-uponobstaclesthatmaybeincoming.Jiang’sinspirationcamefromthepowersofthehearingsystem.“Ilearnedinschoolthatbatsandwhalesareabletouseecholocation(回声定位)tohelpthemnavigateandjustusetheirsenseofhearingandIalsosawonYouTubesomeveryskilledblindpeoplethatuseecholocationtohelpthemwalk,”saidJiang.Jiangstartedwithavirtualrealitysettingandthenmadeitareality.Hiscreationusesadepthcamerathatcandetecthowcloseobjectsare,thusgivingenoughtimetododgetheobstacles.Whenablindiswalkingwiththedevice,thesensorofthedepthcameragatherstheinformationregardingtheobstacles’positionanddistance.ThentheAIsysteminitwillturnthedistancedataintomusicalsoundguidance.Thiscouldsignificantlyincreasethewalkingspeedofablindpersonaswellasdecreasethenumberofobstaclestheyhit.Someothersimilarprogramswerealrightatfindingobjectsthatwereincloserange,butJiangstillwantedtheblindtoexperiencetheworldevenfullersotheywereabletoseestuffthatwasmuchfurtherawaythantheircircleofreach.InOctober,thetoptenfinalistswillcompeteinpersoninMinneapolisforthetitleof“America’sTopYoungScientist”anda$25,000prize.【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了一个青少年Sean

Jiang的发明创造,他发明的设备能用声音帮助盲人顺利行走。1.What

can

we

learn

about

Jiang

from

the

first

two

paragraphs?A.He

was

the

champion

of

the

2023

3M

event.B.He

invented

technology

to

remove

road

obstacles.C.He

sought

to

assist

the

blind

in

walking

smoothly.D.He

developed

a

new

navigation

app

for

his

school.答案

C解析

推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,Jiang设法帮助盲人顺利行走。2.Why

did

Jiang

mention

“echolocation”?A.To

show

the

development

of

technology.B.To

present

the

difficulties

the

blind

face.C.To

stress

the

significance

of

hearing.D.To

explain

the

inspiration

of

his

invention.答案

D解析

推理判断题。根据第三段可知,Jiang提到“回声定位”是为了解释他的发明灵感。3.What

does

the

underlined

word

“dodge”

mean

in

paragraph

4?A.Avoid.

B.Encounter.C.Challenge.

D.Remove.答案

A解析

词句猜测题。画线词下文“When

a

blind

is

walking

with

the

device,the

sensor

of

the

depth

camera

gathers

the

information

regarding

the

obstacles’

position

and

distance.Then

the

AI

system

in

it

will

turn

the

distance

data

into

musical

sound

guidance.This

could

significantly

increase

the

walking

speed

of

a

blind

person

as

well

as

decrease

the

number

of

obstacles

they

hit.”说明该设备能够帮助盲人避开障碍物,从而推知画线词意思是“避开”。4.What

is

the

text

mainly

about?A.3M

facilities

intended

for

the

blind.B.A

teen

using

sound

to

help

the

blind.C.An

invention

to

cure

vision

problems.D.A

competition

to

improve

the

blind’s

life.答案

B解析

主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了一个青少年Sean

Jiang的发明创造,他发明的设备能用声音帮助盲人顺利行走。Passage

2(2024广东湛江二模)主题:机器人传感器

词数:357难度:★★★☆☆ResearchershavedevelopedaroboticsensorthatcombinesartificialintelligencetechniquestoreadBraille(盲文)atspeedsroughlydoublethatofmosthumanreaders.Theresearchteam,fromtheUniversityofCambridge,usedmachinelearningalgorithms(算法)toteacharoboticsensortoquicklyslideoverlinesofBrailletext.Theroboticsensortheresearchersusedhasacamerainits“fingertip”,andreadsbyusingacombinationoftheinformationfromthecameraandthesensors.“Thisisahardproblemforroboticistsasthere’salotofimageprocessingthatneedstobedonetoremovemotionblur(模糊),whichistime-andenergy-consuming,”saidParthPotdarfromCambridge’sDepartmentofEngineering.“ThereareexistingroboticBraillereaders,buttheyonlyreadoneletteratatime,whichisnothowhumansread,”saidPotdar.“ExistingroboticBraillereadersworkinastaticway:Theytouchoneletterpattern,readit,pullupfromthesurface,moveover,lowerontothenextletterpattern,andsoon.Wewantsomethingthat’smorerealisticandfarmoreefficient.”Theteamdevelopedmachinelearningalgorithmssotheroboticreaderwouldbeableto“deblur”theimagesbeforethesensorattemptedtorecognisetheletters.TheytrainedthealgorithmsonasetofsharpimagesofBraillewithfakeblurapplied.Afterthealgorithmshadlearnedtodeblurtheletters,theyusedacomputervisionmodeltodetectandclassifyeachcharacter.Oncethealgorithmswereincorporated,theresearcherstestedtheirreaderbyslidingitquicklyalongrowsofBraillecharacters.TheroboticBraillereadercouldread315wordsperminutewith87%accuracy,whichistwiceasfastandaboutasaccurateashumanBraillereader.“Braillereadingspeedisagreatwaytomeasurethedynamicperformanceoftactile(能触知的)sensingsystems,soourfindingscouldbeapplicablebeyondBraille,forapplicationslikedetectingsurfacetexturesorslippageinroboticmanipulation,”saidPotdar.Inthefuture,theresearchersarehopingtoscalethetechnologytothesizeofahumanoidhand.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。剑桥大学的研究团队开发了一种机器人传感器,该传感器结合了人工智能技术,能以近似人类读者两倍的速度读取盲文。5.What

is

difficult

for

roboticists

to

deal

with

in

the

reading

process?A.Ridding

of

motion

blur.B.Teaching

a

robot

to

learn.C.Processing

robotic

sensors.D.Fixing

a

camera

on

the

fingertip.答案

A解析

推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“‘This

is

a

hard

problem

for

roboticists

as

there’s

a

lot

of

image

processing

that

needs

to

be

done

to

remove

motion

blur,which

is

time-and

energy-consuming,’said

Parth

Potdar

from

Cambridge’s

Department

of

Engineering.”可知,机器人专家在阅读过程中很难消除动态模糊。6.What

does

the

underlined

word

“static”

in

paragraph

3

mean?A.Still.

B.Fast.C.Clever.

D.Lazy.答案

A解析

词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“‘There

are

existing

robotic

Braille

readers,but

they

only

read

one

letter

at

a

time,which

is

not

how

humans

read,’said

Potdar.”以及画线词下文“They

touch

one

letter

pattern,read

it,pull

up

from

the

surface,move

over,lower

onto

the

next

letter

pattern,and

so

on.”可知,现有的机器人盲文阅读器是以静态的方式工作的。7.What

did

Potdar

want

to

express

in

paragraph

6?A.The

good

performance

of

the

robot

sensor.B.The

promising

future

of

their

research

results.C.The

factors

in

making

the

tactile

sensing

systems.D.The

way

to

ensure

the

accuracy

of

the

technology.答案

B解析

推理判断题。根据第六段内容可知,他们的研究结果可以应用到其他方面。由此可推断,该研究结果是有前景的。8.Which

can

be

the

best

title

for

the

text?A.Technology

to

be

scaled

to

the

size

of

a

humanoid

handB.Robots

trained

to

read

Braille

at

twice

the

speed

of

humansC.A

great

way

to

measure

the

performance

of

sensing

systemsD.Machine

learning

algorithms

expected

to

change

Braille

writing答案

B解析

主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了剑桥大学研究团队开发的机器人传感器,该传感器结合了人工智能技术,能以近似人类读者两倍的速度读取盲文。B项“Robots

trained

to

read

Braille

at

twice

the

speed

of

humans

(机器人被训练以两倍于人类的速度阅读盲文)”最能概括本文主旨。Passage

3(2024湖南张家界二模)主题:预测阅读困难的新工具

词数:306难度:★★★☆☆Astudyexpandspositiveevidenceforanewscreeningtoolthatdirectlyengagespreschoolchildrenduringclinicvisitstoassesstheirearlyliteracyskills.Thetool,calledTheReadingHouse(TRH),isthefirstofitskind.Ithasthepotentialtoidentifyreadingdifficultiesasearlyaspossible,accordingtoresearchersatCincinnatiChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenter.TRHisanassessmentdevelopedbyJohnHuttonandhisteamforkidsagedfrom3to5.Screeningtakesjustaboutfiveminutesandassessesperformancelevelsforkidsagedfrom3to5.Itaddressesasignificantgapinwaystoscreenearlyliteracyskillsefficientlyanddirectly.Thetool,whichisfunforkids,couldbeusedinplaceslikeprimarycareorpreschoolsettings.Thescreeningmeasurescoreskillstypicallyappearinginthepreschoolagerange,

includingvocabulary,rhyming,alphabetknowledgeandprintconcepts.Allareskillspredictiveofreadingsuccessandoftenassociatedwithreadingdifficulties.Thestudyinvolved70healthychildren—34boysand36girls—between3and5yearsoldfromvarioussocioeconomicbackground.Thechildrencompletedstandardizedtestsofimportantliteracyskills:vocabulary,rhymingaridrapidautomatizednaming.Fifty-twoofthesechildrenalsosuccessfullycompletedMRI(磁共振成像),includingthemeasurementofthegraymattersurfaceoftheirbrains.Thethickercortex(皮质),particularlyinleft-sidedareassupportinglanguageandreading,hasbeenassociatedwithhigherskillsthatarepredictiveofreadingoutcomes.Manychildrenarriveatkindergartenunpreparedtolearntoread,

especiallythosefromminoritiesandeconomicallypoorbackgrounds—estimatedatover50%ofchildrenfromdisadvantagedbackgroundsintheU.S.andover25%overall.“Byscreeningearlyduringclinicvisits,wecantargeteffectiveinterventionsthathelpthesechildrenbetterprepareforkindergartenandimprovereadingoutcomes—literally,snappingtheirbrainstoread,”saidHutton.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些研究人员研发出了一个新的工具,可以帮助预测3—5岁的小孩是否会有阅读困难。9.What

might

be

the

purpose

of

creating

TRH?A.To

identify

the

best

reading

apps

for

kids.B.To

develop

preschool

kids’

literacy

skills.C.To

discover

kids’

reading

problems

early.D.To

study

key

factors

in

kids’

development.答案

C解析

细节理解题。根据第一段的“The

tool,called

The

Reading

House

(TRH),is

the

first

of

its

kind.It

has

the

potential

to

identify

reading

difficulties

as

early

as

possible,according

to

researchers

at

Cincinnati

Children’s

Hospital

Medical

Center.”可知,该工具可以确认学龄前儿童是否会有阅读困难。10.What

can

we

know

about

the

new

screening

tool?A.It

lacks

reliability.B.It

has

operational

advantages.C.It