高考总复习优化设计二轮用书英语A 满分练4 　阅读理解+七选五阅读

满分练(四)阅读理解+七选五阅读高考总复习优化设计GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2025Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2024江西鹰潭二模)ThischartshowshowmuchmoneyAmericanshaveinsavingsateveryage.ThetypicalAmericanhouseholdhasanaverageof$8,863inanaccountatabankorcreditunion,accordingtoarecentreportfromBankratethatanalyzedinflation-adjusteddatafromtheFederalReserve.That’spurelyinliquidsavings,soitdoesn’tincluderetirementfundsorotherinvestments.However,thatamountvariesgreatlybyageandhouseholdtype.SavingsvarywidelybyhouseholdtypeandageFormanyfamilies,thisamountofsavingsfallsshort,someexpertswarn.“Theultimatedestinationshouldbeenoughtocoversixmonths’expenses,perhaps9to12monthsforsolebreadwinnersorself-employedindividuals,”GregMcBride,CFAandchieffinancialanalystforB,saysinthereport.“Here’sthethingwithemergencymoney:Moreisalwaysbetter,”best-sellingauthorandco-founderofAEWealthManagementDavidBachtellsCNBCMakeIt.“Youhearallthetimeexpertssay,youshouldhavethreemonthsofexpensessetaside.Well,itdepends.Intherecession,whenpeoplelosttheirjobs,threemonthsofexpensessetasidewasn’tenough.”Meanwhile,otherresearchhasfoundthat60percentofmillennialsdon’thaveenoughmoneytocovera$1,000emergency.Inadditiontobuildingyouremergencyfund,youshouldaimtoputaround15percentofyourincometowardsretirementsavings,accordingtothefinancialservicescompanyFidelity.Ifyouwanttoputmoreawayeachmonth,startbycuttingbackonAmericans,threebiggestexpenses:housing,transportationandfood.Youcanalsoresearchwaystotrim(削减)yourbudgetandlookintostrategiesforboostingyourincome.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过图表介绍了美国人在各个年龄段的储蓄金额。1.Accordingtothechart,forthosebetween35and44,whohavethemostinsavings?A.Singleswithchildren.B.Singleswithoutchildren.C.Coupleswithchildren.D.Coupleswithoutchildren.答案

C解析

细节理解题。根据柱状图可知,35~44岁的人群中,有孩子的夫妇存款最多。故选C项。2.AccordingtoGregMcBride,atleasthowmuchmoneyshouldbesetasideforafamilywithonlyonepersonwhoearnsmoney?A.3months’expenses.B.6months’expenses.C.9months’expenses.D.12months’expenses.答案

C解析

细节理解题。根据第四段中Greg

McBride所说的话可知,对于只有一人养家糊口的家庭,要预留9~12个月的花费,所以至少要有9个月。3.Whichcolumnofanewspaperisthisarticleprobablyfrom?A.Businessandtrade.B.Savingandinvesting.C.Healthandwellness.D.Employmentandretirement.答案

B解析

推理判断题。根据全文大意,文章通过图表介绍了美国人在各个年龄段的储蓄金额,可以推断这篇文章应该来自报纸中的“Saving

and

investing(储蓄和投资)”专栏。B(2024广东惠州一模)Asachild,Johnalwayswonderedhowthehumanbodyworkedandhowhecouldkeepithealthy.Hisinterestinmedicinegrewstrongerwhenhevolunteeredatachildren’shospitalduringhighschool.Thenever-give-upspiritofyoungpatientsbattlingagainstvariousillnessesmassivelyaffectedhim.Initially,hechosenursingincollege,believingitwouldleadhimtoworkcloselywithchildren.Butafterhisfirsthalfyear,herecognizednursingwasn’tfitforhim.Switchingtobiologyhelpedhimdiscoverhispassionforlearningaboutthecomplexitiesofhumanbodyandusingthatknowledgetohelpchildren.Althoughthethoughtofthelengthyeducationandresidencyrequiredforpediatrics(儿科学)madehimhesitant,aheart-to-heartconversationwithhisbrotherchangedhismind.HisbrotherconvincedJohnthathispassionshouldmotivatehimratherthanscarehim.ItwasthenthatJohndecidedtobecomeapediatricianbecauseofthesimplefactthathewouldworkwithchildreneveryday,andwouldmakeapositiveimpactontheirlivesandtheirfamilies.Pediatricsisnotjustaboutregularcheck-ups,italsoincludesmakingsickkidsfeelbetterandhelpingthemheal.ThisbringssomuchjoytoJohn’sheart.Tohim,heisnotonlyadoctorbutalsoateacher,offeringasafespaceforthelittleonestoopenupandsharetheirfearsorconcerns.Plus,hereallyenjoysbeingafriendlyandeasy-to-talk-topersonintheirlives.BeingapediatriciangivesJohntherewardingexperienceofhelpingandinteractingwithchildrendailyandmakingthoselittleones’toughtimeseasier.Also,thechangingworldofhealthcaremeanshe’llalwaysbelearningnewthingsandfacingexcitingchallenges.Withhisfutureplans,hewantstogetintothefieldofbeingaphysicianassistant—asteppingstonethatkeepshiminvolvedinpediatriccarewhilestillengagedindirectinteractionwithyoungpatients.Itallowshimtodolotsofthesamethingsasapediatrician,aswellashelpshimimproveskillsthatarevitalformakingkidshealthier.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了John从小对人体的运作和健康感兴趣,高中时在儿童医院志愿服务增强了他的医学热情。虽然最初选择护理,但转学生物后,他决定成为儿科医生,为孩子们的生活带来积极影响。4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Hebegantohaveaninterestinmedicineduringhighschool.B.Hedecidedtoworkonnursingaftergraduationfromcollege.C.Hegotinspiredbyyoungpatientswhenvolunteeringatahospital.D.Hewascuriousabouthowthedoctorsworktokeeppeoplehealthy.答案

C解析

细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The

never-give-up

spirit

of

young

patients

battling

against

various

illnesses

massively

affected

him.”可知,从第一段中可了解到John在医院做义工时受到年轻病人的启发。5.WhydidJohnchoosethecareerasapediatrician?A.Tolearnaboutthecomplexitiesofhumanbody.B.Tobringaboutimprovementsinchildren’slives.C.Togetrewardingexperienceofhelpingchildren.D.Tofacethechallengesmakinghimhesitantandscared.答案

B解析

细节理解题。根据第二段中“It

was

then

that

John

decided

to

become

a

pediatrician...on

their

lives

and

their

families.”可知,John选择了儿科医生的职业是因为他想改善儿童的生活。6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesJohn’sfeelingtowardsbeingapediatrician?A.Excitedbuttired.B.Worthybutstressful.C.Proudanddelighted.D.Concernedandmoved.答案

C解析

推理判断题。根据第三段中“This

brings

so

much

joy

to

John’s

heart.”以及第四段中“Being

a

pediatrician

gives

John...making

those

little

ones’

tough

times

easier.”可知,John对成为一名儿科医生的感受是自豪和喜悦的。7.What’sthetextmainlyabout?A.John’sjourneyofpursuingacareerinpediatrics.B.John’schallengesandrewardsasapediatrician.C.Acomparisonbetweenpediatriciansandnurses.D.Theimportanceofimprovingthehealthofchildren.答案

A解析

主旨大意题。根据第二段中“It

was

then

that

John

decided

to

become

a

pediatrician...on

their

lives

and

their

families.”并结合全文可知,文章主要讲述了John从小对人体的运作和健康感兴趣,高中时在儿童医院志愿服务增强了他的医学热情。虽然最初选择护理,但转学生物后,他决定成为儿科医生,为孩子们的生活带来积极影响。A项具有高度概括性,符合全文语境。故选A项。C(2024安徽合肥二模)Somelanguagesarerapid-fireandothersmoreunhurriedbutthereisnodifferenceinthespeedatwhichinformationisshared,accordingtothenewresearch.Theworld’s7000orsolanguagesdiffergreatlynotonlyintheirrangeofavailablephonemes—theunitsofsoundthatmakeupspeech,butalsointhepaceatwhichthesebuildingblocksarethrowntogetherinspeech.Butthenewresearchintotheinformationcontentinspeechshowsthatlanguagesallowtheirspeakerstocommunicateaboutthesameamountofinformationperseconddespitewidevariationsinthespeedofspeech.Tounderstandthisbetter,researchersledbyChristopheCoupéfromtheUniversityofLyonandYoonOhfromtheUniversityofCanterburystudiedrecordingsof170nativeadultspeakersof17EuropeanandAsianlanguages.Eachspeakerreadasetofstandardizedtextscontainingabout240,000syllables(音节).Theresearchersfoundthatthefastestlanguagehit9.1syllablespersecond,andtheslowestamere4.3.Butthiswascancelledoutbytheamountofinformation,measuredinbits,thateachsyllablecontained.Thisvariedsignificantlyfrom4.8bitspersyllableforBasqueto8.0bitspersyllableforVietnamese.Thestudyfoundlanguagesthatpackalotofinformationintosoundsandsyllablestendtobespokenmoreslowly,whilethosewithalowinformationdensity(密度)aredeliveredmorerapidly.Whilespeechrateandinformationdensityfluctuate(波动)widely,theinformationrate—thespeedatwhichinformationisdelivered—staysconsistentlyaround39.15bitspersecond.Theresearcherssaythisappearstorepresentaoptimal(最佳的)rateforgivingandreceivinginformation.Languagesseemtostablyinhabitanoptimalrangeofinformationrates,awayfromtheextremesthatcanstillbeavailabletoindividualspeakers.Ofcourse,noteverybodyspeaksattheoptimalinformationrate.Weallknowpeoplewhotalktooquicklyorslowly,andthenewresearchmaycastlightonwhywefindlisteningtothemhardwork.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语言学领域的最新研究成果,尽管各语言语速各异,但信息传递效率却基本一致。8.Whathasthenewresearchfoundout?A.Languagestendtoconveyinformationwithsimilarefficiency.B.Languageshavenearlythesamerangeofavailablephonemes.C.Thenumberoflanguageshasgraduallydecreasedtoabout7000.D.Thespeedofspeechisdeterminedbytheinformationcontent.答案

A解析

细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But

the

new

research

into

the

information

content

in

speech

shows...the

speed

of

speech.”可知,新研究发现语言倾向于以相似的效率传递信息。故选A项。9.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.B.Abriefintroductionoftheresearchprocess.C.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.D.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.答案

B解析

段落大意题。根据文章第三段“To

understand

this

better...for

Basque

to

8.0

bits

per

syllable

for

Vietnamese.”可知,第三段主要讲述了研究团队如何进行实验,包括他们选择的参与者、实验材料以及实验发现的一些具体数据,因此,这一段是对研究过程的简要介绍。10.WhatcanwelearnfromthefindingofChristophe’sstudy?A.Morewordsinspeechconveymoreinformation.B.Theinformationrateremainsatareasonablelevel.C.Thespeechratecanaffecttheinformationdensity.D.Languageswithmoresyllablesaredeliveredfaster.答案

B解析

细节理解题。根据文章第四段尾句可知,从Christophe的研究中我们能得知语言的信息率保持在合理水平。故选B项。11.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheoptimalinformationrate?A.Itcanleadtosmoothcommunication.B.Itmayresultinthedifficultyoflistening.C.Itstaysthesameforindividualspeakers.D.Itpreventsspeakersfromgoingtoextremes.答案

A解析

推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Languages

seem

to...be

available

to

individual

speakers.”可推知,最优信息速率可以避开个体说话者的极端速率,能够使沟通顺畅。DAbrownanddrylawnisnotsomethingmanygardenerswouldboastabout.ButthatisexactlythekindofyardcompetitionorganizersinSwedenwerelookingforwhentheylaunchedtheprizeforthe“World’sUgliestLawn”.Peoplefromaroundtheworldwereinvitedtopostpicturesoftheirdehydrated(脱水的)grasstosocialmediainabidtowintheuncertainhonor.Theintention,accordingtothosebehindtheproject,wastoraiseawarenessof“savingwateronaglobalscalebychangingthenormforgreenlawns”.Lawns,whichcanrequirelargeamountsofwatertomaintain,arecomingunderincreasingexaminationasclimatechangemakesperiodsofdroughtmorefrequentandintense.TheglobalinitiativewaslaunchedontheofficialwebsiteforGotlandinSweden.“Hugeamountsofwaterareusedtowaterlawnsforaesthetics(美学).Astheworldgetswarmer,lackofwaterinurbanareasisprojectedtoaffectupto2.4billionpeopleby2050.Bynotwateringlawnsforaestheticreasons,wecanprotecttheavailabilityofgroundwater,”thecompetitionorganizerssaid.TheunlikelytitlehasbeenawardedtoKathleenMurraywholivesinSandfordinTasmania,Australia.Accordingtotheorganizers,Murray’slawn“boastsdeepanddrydivotscreatedbythreewildbandicoots(袋狸)andnotonedust-covereddecimeteriswastedonwatering”.Murraysaidinthepressreleaseabouthertriumph,“Iamterriblyproud!IknewIwouldhavemy5minutesoffame,evenifitwasforhavingtheugliestlawnontheplanet!Iamnowfreeofevertakingcareofmylawnagain.”ApressreleasebytheGotland,officeadded,“Fortheplanetanditsdecliningstockpilesoflife-givingliquid,thankyou,Kathleen,aswellasthosenaughtybandicootsdamagingyourlawnforthegreatergood.”Organizersadded,“GotlandaimstoshowtoSwedenandtheworldthatsustainablebehaviordoesn’thavetobedull.”【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻稿。文章主要介绍瑞典庭院比赛组织者推出“世界上最丑草坪”奖。12.WhatcanwesayabouttheyardcompetitionorganizedinSweden?A.Peoplehadevendoubteditsauthenticity.B.Peopleworldwidewereunwillingtojoin.C.Itsparticipantsmustbeprofessionalgardeners.D.Itsentriesmustagreewiththeexistingaesthetics.答案

A解析

推理判断题。由文章第一段内容可推测,该奖项不是常规奖项,所以人们甚至怀疑它的真实性。13.Whatisthepurposeofthisyardcompetition?A.Tocallonpeopletoprotectlawns.B.Toencouragepeopletobecreative.C.Tochallengethenormofaesthetics.D.Toremindpeopleofwatershortage.答案

D解析

推理判断题。由文章第二段内容可知,这场庭院比赛的目的是提醒人们注意缺水问题。14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“triumph”inparagraph4mean?A.Ambition. B.Success.C.Sorrow. D.Barrier.答案

B解析

词句猜测题。由文章第四段中的“The

unlikely

title

has

been

awarded

to

Kathleen

Murray

who

lives

in

Sandford

in

Tasmania,Australia.”可知,Kathleen

Murray获得“世界上最丑草坪”奖,所以画线单词的句子应表示Murray在新闻稿中谈到了她的获奖的成功,所以猜测triumph表“成功”。15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.People’sWhelmingReactionToAYardContestInSwedenB.LawnsAndRareBandicootsCallingForUrgentProtectionC.ALawnNamedTheUgliestGloballyAllForAGoodCauseD.TheWorld’sUgliestLawnUnacceptedByTheWholeWorld答案

C解析

标题归纳题。由文章第一段内容以及下文可知,文章主要介绍瑞典庭院比赛组织者为了提醒人们注意缺水问题,推出“世界上最丑草坪”奖。所以C项“A

Lawn

Named

The

Ugliest

Globally

All

For

A

Good

Cause(一块草坪被评为全球最丑陋草坪,只为做一件好事)”符合语境。Ⅱ.七选五(2024江西新余二模)Howlongdoesittaketobecomeanelite(精英)inyourfield?

16

That’swhatJohnHayes,acognitivepsychologyprofessoratCarnegieMellonUniversity,wantedtoknow.

Fordecades,Hayeshasbeeninvestigatingtheroleofeffort,practiceandknowledgeintopperformers.

17

TheresearchfocusedonpeoplelikeMozartandPicasso—todeterminehowlongittookthemtobecomeworld-classattheircraft.

Let’stalkaboutwhatHayeshasdiscoveredaboutworld-classperformers.Andmoreimportantly,let’sdiscusshowyoucanusetheseinsightstoachieveyourgoalsandbecomeyourbest.

18

Heanalyzedthousandsofmusicalpiecesproducedfrom1685to1900.Thecentralquestionthatdrovehisworkwas,“Howlongafteronebecomesinterestedinmusicisitthatonebecomesworld-class?”Eventually,Hayesdevelopedalistof500piecesof“masterworks”inthefield,whichwerecreatedbyatotalof76composers.

Hayesmappedoutthetimelineofeachcomposer’scareer.

19

Whathediscoveredwasthatvirtuallyeverysingle“masterwork”waswrittenafterthetenthyearofthecomposer’scareer.Notasinglepersonproducedincredibleworkwithoutputtinginadecadeofpracticefirst.EvenageniuslikeMozarthadtoworkforatleasttenyearsbeforeheproducedsomethingthatbecamepopular.

20

Infollow-upstudies,Hayesfoundsimilarpatternsamongfamouspaintersandpopularpoets.ThesefindingshavebeenfurtherconfirmedbyresearchfromprofessorslikeK.AndersEricsson,whoproducedresearchthatrevealedthatyouneededtoputin“10,000hours”tobecomeaneliteorexpertinyourfield.A.Ittakestimetoachieveyourgoals.B.Andwhatdopeoplelikedoingintheirsparetime?C.Hehasstudiedthemosttalentedcreatorsinhistory.D.Hayesstartedhisresearchbyexaminingsuccessfulcomposers.E.ProfessorHayesbegantorefertothisperiodasthe“tenyearsofsilence”.F.Andwhatdothesuccessfulpeopledodifferentlyth