专题02 选择性必修第一册Unit 4 ~Unit 5单元词汇短语句型梳理（期末复习知识清单）（背诵版及全解全析）

3/7专题01选择性必修第一册Unit4~Unit5单元词汇短语句型梳理清单清单01词类转换(变出精彩，举一反三)Unit4varyvi.(根据情况)变化；改变→variousadj.各种各样的→varietyn.多样性；种类approvevi.赞成；同意vt.批准；通过→approvaln.赞成；批准→approvingadj.赞许的→disapprovevi.不赞成；不同意employvt.使用；应用；雇用→employeen.雇员→employern.雇主→employmentn.雇用；职业→unemploymentn.失业differvi.相异；不同于→differentadj.不同的→differencen.差别；差异favourvt.较喜欢；选择；有利于n.帮助；恩惠；赞同→favourableadj.赞成的；有利的angern.愤怒；怒气vt.使生气；激怒→angryadj.生气的→angrilyadv.生气地reliableadj.可靠的；可信赖的→relyvi.依赖；信赖→unreliableadj.不可靠的slightadj.轻微的；略微的→slightlyadv.略微；稍微assessvt.评估；评价→assessmentn.评价；评定educatorn.教师；教育工作者→educatevt.教育→educationn.教育→educatedadj.受过教育的occupyvt.占据；占用→occupiedadj.忙于的；被占用的→occupationn.职业；占领embarrassedadj.难堪的；尴尬的→embarrassvt.使窘迫→embarrassingadj.令人尴尬的→embarrassmentn.难堪anxietyn.焦虑；担心→anxiousadj.焦虑的→anxiouslyadv.焦虑地adjustvt.调整；调节vi.适应→adjustmentn.调整；适应→adjustableadj.可调整的reactvi.（对……）起反应；回应→reactionn.反应；回应interpretvt.把……理解为；口译→interpretern.口译者→interpretationn.解释；口译Unit5devotevt.把……献给；专心于

→devotedadj.挚爱的；忠实的→devotionn.忠诚；挚爱shortagen.不足；缺少；短缺

→shortadj.短的；矮的；缺乏的→shortenv.(使)变短；缩短convincevt.使相信；说服

→convincedadj.确信的；信服的→convincingadj.令人信服的assumevt.假定；假设；承担

→assumptionn.假定；假设；承担intenseadj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的

→intenselyadv.强烈地；热切地→intensityn.强度；强烈expandv.扩大；增加；拓展

→expansionn.扩大；增加；拓展estimatev.估计；估价；估算

→estimationn.估计；估价→overestimatev.高估→underestimatev.低估consumev.消费；消耗

→consumern.消费者→consumptionn.消费；消耗量realadj.现实的；真实的

→realityn.现实；事实→realizev.意识到；实现→realisticadj.现实的extendv.延长；扩大

→extensionn.扩展部分；扩大；电话分机chemicaladj.化学的n.化学制品

→chemistryn.化学→chemistn.化学家；药剂师essentialadj.完全必要的；极其重要的

→essencen.本质；精华→essentiallyadv.本质上；根本上depthn.深度

→deepadj.深的→deeplyadv.深深地；极其→deepenv.加深entireadj.完全的；全部的

→entirelyadv.全部地；完全地domesticadj.国内的；家用的

→domesticallyadv.国内地；家用地清单清单02识词知意(厚积薄发，熟能生巧)Unit4reliableadj.可靠的；可信赖的varyvi.(根据情况)变化；改变approvevi.赞成；同意vt.批准；通过appropriateadj.合适的；恰当的vt.占用；挪用employvt.使用；应用；雇用witnessvt.当场看到；目击；见证n.目击者；证人distinguishvi.&vt.区分；辨别differvi.相异；不同于favourvt.较喜欢；选择；有利于n.帮助；恩惠；赞同occupyvt.占据；占用；使忙于adjustvt.调整；调节vi.&vt.适应；(使)习惯contrastn.对比；差异vt.形成对比identicaladj.相同的；完全一样的barriern.障碍；隔阂embarrassedadj.难堪的；尴尬的bothervi.&vt.费心；麻烦；使担心n.麻烦；不便angern.愤怒；怒气vt.使生气interactionn.交互；互动Unit5devotevt.把…献(给)；把…专用于；专心于；convincevt.使相信；使确信；说服；attainvt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到；overcome(overcame,overcome)克服；解决；战胜；estimatevt.估计；估价；估算；n.估计；估算；domesticadj.本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的；comprisev.包括；包含；由…组成；realityn.现实；实际情况；事实；alternativen.可供选择的事物；adj.可供替代的；非传统的；depthn.向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)；rootn.根；根茎；根部；根源；aspectn.方面；层面；清单清单03高频短语(积少成多，活学活用)Unit4bodylanguage肢体语言varyfrom...to...在……到……之间变化avarietyof各种各样的beappropriateto/for对……合适makeeyecontact进行眼神交流bycontrast相比之下bycomparison与……相比较approveof赞成；支持infavourof赞同；支持lookdownon/upon瞧不起；俯视interpret...as...把……理解为avoiddoingsth.避免做某事straightenup挺直；整理inotherwords换句话说haveatendencytodosth.倾向于做某事callon拜访；号召occupyoneselfwith/indoingsth.忙于做某事stareat盯着看；凝视reactto对……作出反应adjustto适应；调整breakdown消除；分解；出故障getthrough度过；通过；接通电话makeinferences推理；推断feeldown感到沮丧Unit5devote...to...把……用于；献身于ashortageof...缺乏……succeedindoingsth.成功做某事athomeandabroad在国内外takeon呈现；承担（责任）；雇用becomprisedof由……组成inturn相应地；转而；依次forinstance例如；比如makeanefforttodosth.努力做某事inaddition除此之外focuson关注；聚焦于carryout执行；实施haveanimpacton...对……有影响playarolein...在……中起作用farfromthecase远非如此tackletheproblem解决问题fulfilone’sdream实现某人的梦想makeuseof利用berichin富于；富含overcomedifficulties克服困难清单清单04高频句型(精彩句型，句句精彩)v-ing作表语Thecrucialthingisusingbodylanguageinawaythatisappropriatetothecultureyouarein.最关键的是使用身体语言的方式要适合你所处的文化。with复合结构Withtheirchinsontheirhands,theyoccupythemselvesbystaringoutofthewindoworupattheceiling.他们双手托着下巴，专注地盯着窗外或抬头望着天花板。“否定词+比较级”表最高级Andifwearefeelingdownorlonely,thereisnothingbetterthanseeingthesmilingfaceofagoodfriend.如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更美好的了。have+宾语+宾补Soifastudenthashisheadloweredtolookathiswatch,itimpliesheisboredandjustcountingtheminutesfortheclasstoend.因此，如果一个学生低下头看手表，这意味着他感到无聊，只是在数着时间等下课。不定式短语作后置定语Forexample,makingeyecontact—lookingintosomeone'seyes—insomecountriesisawaytodisplayinterest.例如，在一些国家，进行眼神交流——直视某人的眼睛——是一种表达兴趣的方式。whendoing...省略句式InJapan,itmaydemonstraterespecttolookdownwhentalkingtoanolderperson.在日本，与长辈交谈时低头可能是表示尊重。what引导主语从句However,whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.然而，他最担忧的是农民们的收成不好，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。It＋be＋过去分词＋that...Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan’shybridstrains.如今，据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物。giventhat...鉴于，考虑到，引导条件状语从句GiventhatYuan’shybridsmadehimquitewealthy,onemightthinkhewouldhaveretiredtoalifeofleisure.考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。清单05清单05单元写作(通用表达，范文背诵)Unit4一、单元写作任务本单元的话题是“非语言沟通”，与此相关的写作任务为撰写一篇关于肢体语言的说明文。这类文章旨在向读者清晰介绍肢体语言的定义、核心特征，重点阐述其在日常沟通中的应用场景（如人际交往、职场互动、跨文化交流等），并结合具体案例分析其文化差异性。核心目标是通过具象化的描述与逻辑分析，让读者理解肢体语言作为“无声语言”的沟通价值，掌握不同场景下肢体语言的运用技巧，避免因误用引发的误解。二、通用表达1.话题词汇肢体语言bodylanguage非语言沟通non-verbalcommunication眼神交流eyecontact面部表情facialexpression文化差异culturaldifference传达情感conveyemotions避免误解avoidmisunderstanding表示尊重demonstraterespect肢体动作bodygesture跨文化交流cross-culturalcommunication表达赞同expressapproval传递信心conveyconfidence文化适应性culturaladaptability沟通效率communicationefficiency面部表情facialexpression2.话题句式(1)段首句（引出主题/明确观点）Asanessentialpartofnon-verbalcommunication,bodylanguageplaysacrucialroleinourdailyinteractions.作为非语言沟通的重要组成部分，肢体语言在日常交流中扮演着关键角色。Whilewordsareimportantincommunication,bodylanguageoftenconveysmoreauthenticemotionsthatcannotbeexpressedverbally.尽管语言在沟通中至关重要，但肢体语言往往能传递出无法用言语表达的更真实情感。Bodylanguagevariesfromculturetoculture,andunderstandingthesedifferencesisvitaltoavoidingmisunderstandingsincross-culturalcommunication.肢体语言因文化而异，理解这些差异对避免跨文化沟通中的误解至关重要。Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthatbodylanguage,suchasgesturesandfacialexpressions,isanindispensabletoolforhumancommunication.众所周知，手势、面部表情等肢体语言是人类沟通中不可或缺的工具。(2)主体段落（分析特征/举例说明）Indailylife,simplebodygesturescandeliverclearmessages.Forexample,noddingusuallymeans"agreement"inmostcountries,whileshakingone'sheadoftenindicates"disapproval".在日常生活中，简单的肢体动作就能传递明确信息。例如，在大多数国家点头通常表示“同意”，而摇头则常意味着“反对”。Bodylanguagealsoplaysakeyroleintheworkplace.Afirmhandshakeandsteadyeyecontactcanconveyconfidenceduringajobinterview,helpingtheinterviewerleaveagoodimpression.肢体语言在职场中也发挥着重要作用。求职面试时，有力的握手和坚定的眼神交流能传递自信，帮助给面试官留下良好印象。However,thesamebodylanguagemayhavetotallydifferentmeaningsindifferentcultures.Forinstance,makingdirecteyecontactisconsideredpoliteinWesterncountries,butitmightberegardedasrudeinsomeAsiancultures.然而，相同的肢体语言在不同文化中可能有着截然不同的含义。例如，直视对方的眼睛在西方国家被视为礼貌，但在一些亚洲文化中可能被认为是无礼的。Facialexpressionsareanotherimportantpartofbodylanguage.Awarmsmilecanbreakdowncommunicationbarriers,makinginteractionsmoreharmoniousnomatterwhereyouare.面部表情是肢体语言的另一重要组成部分。温暖的微笑能打破沟通隔阂，无论在何处都能让交流更加融洽。(3)段尾句（总结升华/提出建议）Inconclusion,bodylanguageisasilentbutpowerfulcommunicationtool.Masteringitsusageandculturaldifferencescangreatlyimproveourcommunicationefficiency.总之，肢体语言是一种无声却有力的沟通工具。掌握其运用方法及文化差异，能显著提升我们的沟通效率。Therefore,weshouldpaymoreattentiontoobservingandlearningbodylanguageinourdailylife,soastocommunicatemoreeffectivelywithpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.因此，我们在日常生活中应多留意观察和学习肢体语言，以便与不同背景的人更高效地沟通。Tosumup,bodylanguagecomplementsverbalcommunication.Onlybycombiningthetwocanweachievemoreauthenticandsmoothinteractions.总而言之，肢体语言是语言沟通的补充。只有将两者结合，我们才能实现更真实、顺畅的交流。Itisnecessaryforustounderstandtheculturalconnotationsofbodylanguage,whichwillhelpusavoidunnecessarymisunderstandingsandbuildbetterinterpersonalrelationships.了解肢体语言的文化内涵对我们来说十分必要，这将帮助我们避免不必要的误解，建立更良好的人际关系。三、范文背诵DearRobert,Iamgladtoreceiveyouremail.NowIwilltellyousomethingaboutbodylanguageinChina.First,inChina,wewaveourhandstosay“hello”or“goodbye”.Second,weusuallygreetourguestsbyshakinghandswiththem.Ofcourse,somepeoplemaynodandsmileinsteadofshakinghands.Third,whenyouareintroducedtoaChinesegroup,theymaygreetyouwithclappingtheirhands.Inaddition,likepeopleinmanyothercountries,wenodourheadstosay“yes”andshakeourheadstosay“no”.Lastbutnotleast,peoplewillholdtheirthumbsuptopraiseapersonifhedoessomethinggreat.Ihopethisinformationwillbehelpfultoyou.Yours,LiHuaUnit5一、单元写作任务本单元的话题是农业发展的争议与选择，与此相关的写作任务为撰写一篇正反观点式议论文。这类文章需聚焦农业领域的具体争议议题，如“是否应全面推广智能农业”“有机农业是否适合大规模种植”“传统耕作与现代化耕作孰优孰劣”等。核心要求是先客观呈现正反两方的观点及支撑论据，再明确表达自己的立场并进行总结，引导读者理性看待农业发展中的矛盾，符合辩论性文章“观点对立、论据充分、立场清晰”的特点。二、通用表达1.话题词汇(1)智能农业intelligentagriculture(2)有机农业organicagriculture(3)传统耕作traditionalfarming(4)现代化耕作modernizedfarming(5)粮食产量grainoutput(6)生态环境ecologicalenvironment(7)化学肥料chemicalfertilizer(8)农业技术agriculturaltechnology(9)可持续发展sustainabledevelopment(10)大规模种植large-scaleplanting(11)土壤肥力soilfertility(12)病虫害防治pestanddiseasecontrol(13)资源消耗resourceconsumption(14)食品安全foodsafety2.话题句式(1)段首句（引出主题/提出争议）①Whenitcomestothedebateabout

whetherweshouldpromoteintelligentagricultureonalargescale,peopleholdsharplydifferentopinions.当谈及“是否应该大规模推广智能农业”的争论时，人们持有截然不同的观点。②Thereisaheateddiscussionoverthechoicebetweentraditionalfarmingandmodernizedfarminginagriculturaldevelopment.农业发展中，关于传统耕作和现代化耕作的选择引发了热烈讨论。③Asthepopulationgrowsrapidly,thequestionof

whetherorganicagriculturecanmeetthefooddemand

hasarousedwidespreadconcern.随着人口快速增长，“有机农业能否满足粮食需求”这一问题引起了广泛关注。(2)主体段落（呈现正反观点/列举论据）①

Thosewhosupportmodernizedfarmingarguethat

itcangreatlyimprovegrainoutputwiththehelpofadvancedtechnologyandequipment,thussolvingtheproblemoffoodshortage.支持现代化耕作的人认为，借助先进的技术和设备，它能大幅提高粮食产量，从而解决粮食短缺问题.②

Onthecontrary,opponentsofthisviewpointoutthat

modernizedfarmingreliestoomuchonchemicalfertilizersandpesticides,whichwilldamagetheecologicalenvironmentandreducesoilfertilityinthelongrun.相反，该观点的反对者指出，现代化耕作过度依赖化肥和农药，长期来看会破坏生态环境，降低土壤肥力。③

Advocatesoforganicagricultureclaimthat

itproducespollution-freefood,whichisbeneficialtopeople’shealthandconformstotheconceptofsustainabledevelopment.有机农业的拥护者声称，它生产的是无污染食品，有利于人体健康，且符合可持续发展理念。④

However,criticsarguethat

organicagriculturehaslowefficiencyandhighcost,makingitunsuitableforlarge-scaleplantingtofeedahugepopulation.然而，批评者认为，有机农业效率低、成本高，不适合大规模种植以养活庞大的人口。(3)段尾句（明确立场/总结升华）①

Frommyperspective,weshouldnotsimplychooseoneovertheother,butcombinetheadvantagesoftraditionalfarmingandmodernizedfarmingtoachieveabalancebetweenfoodoutputandecologicalprotection.在我看来，我们不应简单地二选一，而应结合传统耕作和现代化耕作的优势，在粮食产量和生态保护之间取得平衡。②

Inconclusion,intelligentagricultureisaninevitabletrendofagriculturaldevelopment,butweneedtotakeeffectivemeasurestominimizeitsnegativeimpactontheenvironment.总之，智能农业是农业发展的必然趋势，但我们需要采取有效措施，将其对环境的负面影响降到最低。③

Tosumup,onlybypromotingagriculturaldevelopmentinasustainablewaycanweensurebothfoodsecurityandecologicalbalanceforfuturegenerations.总而言之，只有以可持续的方式推动农业发展，我们才能为子孙后代同时保障食品安全和生态平衡。三、范文背诵Recentlyweheldadiscussionaboutwhethertodeveloporganicfarming.Opinionsvaryfrompersontoperson.Itisobviousthatusingchemicalfertilisershasmanydisadvantages.Aboveall,thechemicalsstayinginsidethecropscanleadtocancerorotherillnesses.Besides,thevegetablesgrowsofastthattheycontainlittlenutrition.However,aspeoplearebecomingricher,theyattachgreatimportancetohealth,andorganicproducesimplyusesnaturalfertilisers,makingvegetablesandfruittastyandnutritive.Moreover,theproducegrowsincleanwaterandneverusespesticides,whichisbeneficialtoourhealth.Astheoldsayinggoes,healthisthefirstwealth,soitiswisertochooseorganicfood.题型题型012单词拼写(夯实双基，厚积薄发)根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式Thereisastrong

tendency

(趋势；倾向)togivedyingpatientsfarmoredrugsthanarenecessary.Peoplegetjobsatisfactionfromdifferentfactors,suchassocial

interaction

(交流)withcolleagues.Shewas

embarrassed

(尴尬的)whentheyaskedherage.Hereceivedthenewsofhisfather'ssicknesswithgreat

anxiety

(焦虑).Noteveryone

approves

(赞同)oftheproposal,whichgreatlydisappointedhim.6．Manycelebrities(名人)usetheirinfluenceonsocialmediatoraiseawarenessaboutsocialissues,likepovertyandenvironmentalprotection.7．Goodnutritionisessential(完全必要的；极其重要的)ifpatientsaretomakeaquickrecovery.8．Genesdeterminethecharacteristics(特征)ofeveryhumanbeingandplayacriticalroleinshapingourlives.9．Itisaconventional(传统的)weddingwiththebrideinthetraditionaldress.10．Ifthesefeelingsbecomesointense(十分强烈的)thatyoucan’thandlethem,youmaybesufferingfromdepression.题型题型022单句语法填空(一词多变，活学活用)用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1.（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）Ourprogram，whichismainlyaboutstudents’studiesandschoollives，hasadifferent（differ）topiceachtime.2.（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）Asaspecialeducation（educate）teacherattheschool，IwasfamiliarwiththechallengesDavidfacedandwasproudofhisstrongdetermination.3.(2023新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D)Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteraction（interact）theyhadwithnatureinthepark.4.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷·B)However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessing（witness）theirmotherearnherdegree.5.(2023全国甲卷语法填空)Carsonprovesthatasimplelyricformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstillbeemployed（employ）todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.6.(2019·北京卷)Atthisyear’sI/OConference,acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincing(convince)human-soundingvoice.

7.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotalglobalfertilizerconsumption(consume).

8.（2023·全国乙卷）However，wedidnotmarktheroutesoween