Unit4NaturalDisasters单元基础知识练习-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版

Unit4NaturalDisastersI词形转换1._________v.死亡；消亡→_________n.死；死亡→________adj.死的；枯萎的→adj.垂死的；临死的→_______________adj.致命的2._________v.影响；侵袭→_________n.影响；结果；效果→__________adj.有效的→_____________adv.有效地→____________n.喜爱；关爱3._________v.(使)震惊n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克→____________adj.令人震惊的→____________adj.感到震惊的4.__________v.呼吸→__________n.呼吸→____________adj.气喘吁吁的→ _______________adv.气喘吁吁地5._________adj.明智的→________adv.明智地→_________n.智慧；才智6.________v.统一；使成为一体→________adj.统一的→__________n.联合；统一7.__________v.复活；(使)苏醒→_____________n.复苏；振兴8.__________vi.生存；存活vt.幸存→__________n.幸存；残存物→_________n.幸存者9.__________v.遭受；蒙受；因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→___________n.苦难；痛苦→ __________n.患病者;受苦者9.__________v.(火山)爆发；喷发→_____________n.爆发；喷发10.________adj.长的；长期的→_________n.长；长度→___________v.使)变长；加长11.____________n．能力；力量；电力供应；控制力→____________adj.强大的；有力的→ ____________adj.无力的；无能力的→________________v.授权12.___________vt.&vi.(使)平静;(使)镇定adj.镇定的；沉着的→_________adv.镇定的；沉着的→__________n.平静;镇定13.______________n.电；电能→_______________adj.电动的；用电的→_____________adj.与(用)电有关的；电气科学的→______________adj.电子的14.__________n.努力；尽力→_______________adj.不用费力的15._______n.金属→______n.模特；榜样→______n.奖章；勋章→_______n.新闻媒体16.____________vt.递送；生；接生；发表→________n.[U]递送→___________n.投递者17._____________n.突发事件；紧急情况→___________adj.出现的；紧急的→_______________n.出现；浮现18.__________vi.&vt.&n.打；撞击；罢工→__________(过去式)→_________(过去分词)→______________adj.迷人的→_____________n.罢工者；前锋19._____________n.总结；概括→_____________v.总结；概括20._______________n.供应；补给；[pl.]补给品vt.供应；供给→__________n.供应商II.单词拼写1．Aterribleearthquakestruckhishometownyesterday,causinggreatd________．2．Astheworld'spopulationcontinuestogrow,thes________offoodbeesmoreandmoreofaconcern.3．Italmostdrovemecrazywhenmyputerc________again.4．Withthegovernment'sa_______，thoseaffectedbytheearthquakehavemovedintothenewsettlements.5．Trytokeepc_______andjusttellmewhathappened.6．I'mverygladthatyoucanwritemea________(概要)ofthisreport，whichsavesmealotoftimefromgoingthroughthewholereport.7．Whereveryoulive,it'snecessaryforyoutolearntoprepareforsome________(突发事件).8．Hescoredthewinninggoaljustsecondsbeforethefinal_________(哨子声).Theaudienceburstoutcheering.9．Idoubtthe_________(明智)ofseparatingachildfromhisfamilywhateverthecircumstances.10．Alargenumberof_________(避难所)havebeenbuiltforthehomelesssurvivorsaftertheearthquake.III.单句语法填空1．Themanthinksitisunreasonabletospendsomuchmoneysavingthosehopelesslives,whilethe_____________(survive)leadapoorlife.2．Tohelpstudentsdealwiththeirmentalproblems,wewillholdalecture_________(deliver)byaprofessorfromtheUK.3．Theroomis15feetin___________(long)and10feetinwidth.4．Thepanyhaslaidoff1/3ofthestaffin__________efforttosavemoney.5．Theexpressionsonthefacesoftherescuedminersshowedthattheyhadagreatdealof__________(suffer).6．FormilesandmilesIcouldseenothing_________agreatfireandlotsofsmoke.7．Standingonsuchahighaltitude(海拔),wefoundtheairwassothinandcoldthatwecouldhardly___________(breath).8．I____________(trap)intheheavyrainonthewaytoschoolyesterday.9．Heistheboy_________fatherisawell－knownprofessorteachinginthiscollege.10．Isawwhatwasgoingon,butIjuststoodbyandletithappenbecauseIwas_____________(power)tohelp.11．We______________(slide)downtheroofanddroppedtotheground.12．She______________(tap)himontheshoulderandthensmiledtohim.13.Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homesandcars__________(sweep)awaybythehugewavescausedbythestrongearthquake.14.Thereismudandwatereverywhere,_______(make)itdifficultforustotravelfromplacetoplace.IV.短语填空1．Globalwarmingis_________________________(对……有重大影响)hundredsofplantsandanimalspeciesaroundtheworld.2．You'dbetterwearsunglassesto_________youreyes________(保护……免受……)sundamage.3．Theoldpalacewasalmost______________(破败不堪)afterthebigwar.4．Althoughshecametoherselfatlast,shewasstill_____________(震惊)aftertheaccidentandkepthavingnightmares.5．Tomwasn'thereforthemeetingbecausehe______________(患……病)acold.6．Therewassimplynocash____________(在手边)topayforthefood.7．It'ssaidthatweshouldcleanthehouseand_________________(扫走)badluckonNewYear'sEve.8．Thebestoffriendsmustpart,whichmeansallgoodthingsmust________________(结束).9．Whenthedogarrived,allthebirdsinthestreetflew___________________(朝四面八方).10．Itwasreportedthattherescueteamwas_________________(尽一切努力)findthemissingmountainclimber.11.Somevillageswereburiedbythelandslide,therescueteam___________(前来营救他们).12.Largenumbersofimmigrants(移民)______(涌入)thearea,whichcausedsomeproblems.13.He_____________________(上台执政)whenhewas25yearsoldandhasbeeninpowerfor40years.14.BythetimeIgottothetopofthehill,Iwasquite___________________(上气不接下气).V.写作佳句..to我发表意见时，我紧张得一句话也说不出来。(too．..to．..)Whenitwasmyturntoexpressmyopinion,Iwas___________________________．2．乌云密布，看上去要下雨了。(asif\though)Darkcloudsaregathering.Itseems__________itisgoingtorain...when收拾行李准备出去度周末，这时我女儿听到呼救声。(bedoing．..when．..)We_______________(pack)toleaveforaweekendaway___________mydaughterheardcriesforhelp.4．大雨已经下了好几天了，这使得向地震灾区运送食物更加困难了。(it作形式宾语)Ithasbeenrainingheavilyfordays,_________________todeliverfoodtotheearthquake－strickenarea.他突然想起来他忘记锁门了。(Itstrucksb.that)_____________________heforgottolockthedoor.[话题语篇提升]ⅤI.阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。2025·茂名一中Today,wehavetheabilitytopredictdangeroustornadoes,hurricanes,winterstormsandfloodswithmoreaccuracy(准确性)thanever.Weknowtheareasthatarelikelytobestruckbyearthquakes,andtheareasthatareeasilyharmedbywildfires,andwecantellhoursinadvancewhetheratsunamiwillhitourshores.However,inspiteofalltheabilitiesforwarnings,Americansarestillquitepooratpreparingforthesedisasters.Ina2006surveycarriedoutbyTime,only16%percentbelievedtheywerewellpreparedforthenextone.Afewweeksago,IwaslisteningtoNPR(NationalPublicRadio)asIwascookingdinner,andIheardamovingstoryaboutayoungboy,NoahStewart,wholivedthroughatornadothathithisAlabamahome.Noahwassucked(卷入)upintothetornadoandthendropped.Helandedonhisheadfirst,withafallofsuchforcethat,undernormalconditions,wouldhavekilledhim.However,hesurvivedbecausehismothermadeaquickdecisiontoputabaseballhelmet(头盔)onhisheadrightbeforethetornadohit.Noahwasunhurtinthestorm.Butthehelmetcrackeddownthemiddle.TheCDC(CentresforDiseaseControlandPrevention)statesthattheycan'tsaywhetherhelmetscansavelivesduringatornadoimpact.However,itstillseemswiseforanyoneinatornado－prone(可能的)areatokeepseveralhelmetsattheready.Anyaddedprotectionisgoingtoincreaseyourchanceofsurvival,andasNoah'sstoryclearlyshows,helmetscansavelives.Youdon'thavetobuynewhelmets—pickingupusedbicycle,footballorbaseballhelmetsateconomicalstoresandyardsalescansavemoneyandkeepyourfamilyprotected.However,it'snecessarythatyoukeepthesehelmetsinaneasilyreachableplace;theyshouldnotbeusedforanyotherpurpose,astheymaybemisplaced.Remember,whenatornadohits,youmightonlyhaveminutes—orevenseconds—tofindshelter.Youdon'twanttorunaroundyourhouse,searchingforthosehelmets.()1．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A．Americansareafraidofdisasters.B．TherearemanydisastersinAmerica.C．MostAmericansarenotwellpreparedfordisasters.D．DisastersarebetterpredictedinAmerica.()2．WhycouldNoahStewartsurviveinthetornado?A．Becausehewasprotectedbyahelmet.B．Becausehewasbrave.C．Becausehewasquick－mindedinanemergency.D．Becausehestayedwithhismother.()3．Whatshouldwedotomakethehelmetsfunctionwell?A．Choosenewones. B．Useprofessionalones.C．Putthemathand. D．Savemoneytobuyexpensiveones.()4．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Todescribethemovingstoryofaboy. B．Towarnusofthetornadoimpact.C．Toadviseustokeephelmetshandy. D．Toaskustoprepareforthedisasters.ⅥI.七选五阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thethoughtofanaturaldisastercanbefrightening,butpreparingforthemostlikelydisasters,suchastornadoes,hurricanes,floodsandwildfires,isnecessary.1．____Youcandevelopanemergencyplanforyourfamilyincaseofanaturaldisaster,includinghouseholdinformation,out－of－towncontactsandschool,workplace,andchildcarecontactinformationandemergencyfirstaid.Addyourevacuationroutesandshelterplansaswell.Moreimportantly,youhavetomonitorpotential(潜在的)disasters.2．____Watchnewsandweatherreportsinyourregionsothatyoucanbeawareofpotentialdisastersinthearea.Youcanalsodownloadappsforyoursmartphonethatwillwarnyouofpotentialdisastersnearyourlocation.3．____Ifyourfamilyisatriskofexposuretoanaturaldisaster,explaintothemwhat'shappening.Reviewyouremergencypreparednessplansothateveryoneknowswhattodointheeventofadisaster.Thirdly,tracktheprogressofforthingdisasters.Checkbackwithyournewsstationfrequentlysothatyou'llbeawareofchangesinweatherorconditionsthatcouldalterthecourseofadisaster.4．____Inthisway,you'llbewellinformedofwhat'shappening.Finally,evacuatebeforedisasterstrikes,ifpossible.Ifdangerisinginyourarea,evacuatebeforeitstrikes.5．____Sobesuretofollowtheirinstructions.Ifyouaren'tabletoevacuate,shelterinplaceuntilit'ssafetoleavethearea.A．Forinstance,creatingaplanisagoodidea.B．Makeacontactcardforeachmemberofthefamily.C．Secondly,preparefamilymembersforwhatmayhappen.D．Youmaynotknowwhatkindofdisasterisabouttostrike.E．Toachievethis,firstly,identifypotentialthreateningsituations.F．Yourlocalauthoritymayorderevacuationsifanaturaldisasterising.G．Signuptoreceivealertsorupdatesfromyourlocalgovernmentorweatherservice.VIII.语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Floodsandlandslidesarehard1．_______(avoid).However,toprotectagainstthem,peopletakea2．________(vary)ofmeasures.Thesecouldinclude3．__________(pass)variouslawsthatprohibit(禁止)cuttingdowntreesandbuildinghousesintheseareas.Measurescan4．_________(take)atalllevelssothatnooneismisusingoroverusingtheirshareofresourceslikewaterandfood.Areaswherestrongwindsandtornadoes5．__________(frequent)happenneeddifferentprecautionary(预防的)6．__________(method).Tornadoesandstormscanbepredictedtoadegreeintoday'sworld.Onceoneispredicted,itisimportantnottowalkoutwithoutreason.Askingthekidstostayathomeisanothergoodmeasure.Theseareasusuallyhavestrongly7．_________(build)housesnottobedamagedbyextremeconditions.However,havingabasementwhereyoucanstayandwaitforthestormtopass8．_________(be)notabadidea.Makesurethatthebasementhas9．____________doorthattakesyoudirectlyoutofthehouseincasethehousecollapses(倒塌).Toprotectagainstnaturaldisasters,safetymeasuresneedtobetakenbygovernments.munitiesneedtohavesmallplansinplacebecauseofthehappeningofadisaster.Andthenearestpeoplethatcanhelpyouwillbethose10．___________liveinyourneighbourhood.参考答案I.词形变化die,death,dead,dying,deadlyaffect,effect,effective,effectively,affectionshock,shocking,shockedbreathe,breath,breathless,breathlesslywise,wisely,wisdomunify,unified,unificationrevive,revivalsurvive,survival,survivorsuffer,suffering,sufferererupt,eruption,long,length,lengthenpower,powerful,powerless,empowercalm,calmly,calmnesselectricity,electric,electrical,electroniceffort,effortless,metal,model,medal,mediadeliver,delivery,delivereremergency,emergent,emergestrike,struck,stricken,striking,strikersummary,summarizesupply,supplierII.单词拼写1．Aterribleearthquakestruckhishometownyesterday,causinggreatdamage__．2．Astheworld'spopulationcontinuestogrow,thesupply__offoodbeesmoreandmoreofaconcern.3．Italmostdrovemecrazywhenmyputercrashed__again.4．Withthegovernment'said__，thoseaffectedbytheearthquakehavemovedintothenewsettlements.5．Trytokeepcalm__andjusttellmewhathappened.6．I'mverygladthatyoucanwritemea__summary__(概要)ofthisreport，whichsavesmealotoftimefromgoingthroughthewholereport.7．Whereveryoulive,it'snecessaryforyoutolearntoprepareforsome__emergencies__(突发事件).8．Hescoredthewinninggoaljustsecondsbeforethefinal__whistle__(哨子声).Theaudienceburstoutcheering.9．Idoubtthe__wisdom__(明智)ofseparatingachildfromhisfamilywhateverthecircumstances.10．Alargenumberof__shelters__(避难所)havebeenbuiltforthehomelesssurvivorsaftertheearthquake.III.单句语法填空1．Themanthinksitisunreasonabletospendsomuchmoneysavingthosehopelesslives,whilethe__survivors__(survive)leadapoorlife.2．Tohelpstudentsdealwiththeirmentalproblems,wewillholdalecture__delivered__(deliver)byaprofessorfromtheUK.3．Theroomis15feetin__length__(long)and10feetinwidth.4．Thepanyhaslaidoff1/3ofthestaffin__an__efforttosavemoney.5．Theexpressionsonthefacesoftherescuedminersshowedthattheyhadagreatdealof__suffering__(suffer).6．FormilesandmilesIcouldseenothing__but__agreatfireandlotsofsmoke.7．Standingonsuchahighaltitude(海拔),wefoundtheairwassothinandcoldthatwecouldhardly__breathe__(breath).8．I__was__trapped__(trap)intheheavyrainonthewaytoschoolyesterday.9．Heistheboy__whose__fatherisawell－knownprofessorteachinginthiscollege.10．Isawwhatwasgoingon,butIjuststoodbyandletithappenbecauseIwas__powerless__(power)tohelp.11．We__slid__(slide)downtheroofanddroppedtotheground.12．She__tapped__(tap)himontheshoulderandthensmiledtohim.13.Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homesandcars__wereswept___(sweep)awaybythehugewavescausedbythestrongearthquake.14.Thereismudandwatereverywhere,___making____(make)itdifficultforustotravelfromplacetoplace.IV.短语填空1．Globalwarmingis__having__a__big/great__effect__on__(对……有重大影响)hundredsofplantsandanimalspeciesaroundtheworld.2．You'dbetterwearsunglassesto__shelter/protect__youreyes__from__(保护……免受……)sundamage.3．Theoldpalacewasalmost__in__ruins__(破败不堪)afterthebigwar.4．Althoughshecametoherselfatlast,shewasstill__in__shock__(震惊)aftertheaccidentandkepthavingnightmares.5．Tomwasn'thereforthemeetingbecausehe__suffered__from__(患……病)acold.6．Therewassimplynocash__on__hand__(在手边)topayforthefood.7．It'ssaidthatweshouldcleanthehouseand__sweep__away__(扫走)badluckonNewYear'sEve.8．Thebestoffriendsmustpart,whichmeansallgoodthingsmust__e__to__an__end__(结束).9．Whenthedogarrived,allthebirdsinthestreetflew__in__all__directions__(朝四面八方).10．Itwasreportedthattherescueteamwas__making__every__effort__to__(尽一切努力)findthemissingmountainclimber.11.Somevillageswereburiedbythelandslide,therescueteam_cametotheirrescue____(前来营救他们).12.Largenumbersofimmigrants(移民)__floodedinto_(涌入)thearea,whichcausedsomeproblems.13.He__cametopower(上台执政)whenhewas25yearsoldandhasbeeninpowerfor40years.14.BythetimeIgottothetopofthehill,Iwasquite_outofbreath(上气不接下气).V.写作佳句..to我发表意见时，我紧张得一句话也说不出来。(too．..to．..)Whenitwasmyturntoexpressmyopinion,Iwas__too__nervous__to__say__a__word__．2．乌云密布，看上去要下雨了。(asif)Darkcloudsaregathering.Itseems__as__if__itisgoingtorain...when收拾行李准备出去度周末，这时我女儿听到呼救声。(bedoing．..when．..)We__were__packing__(pack)toleaveforaweekendaway__when__mydaughterheardcriesforhelp.4．大雨已经下了好几天了，这使得向地震灾区运送食物更加困难了。(it作形式宾语)Ithasbeenrainingheavilyfordays,__making__it__harder__to__deliver__foodtotheearthquake－strickenarea.5.他突然想起来他忘记锁门了。(Itstrucksb.that)_Itstruckhimthat__heforgottolockthedoor.VI阅读理解【语篇解读】尽管预警能力很强，美国人在为灾难做准备方面仍然做得很差，作者对如何使用头盔作为重要的抗灾工具提出了建议。1．C细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“However,inspiteofalltheabilitiesforwarnings，Americansarestillquitepooratpreparingforthesedisasters.(然而，尽管预警能力很强，美国人在为这些灾难做准备方面仍然很差。)”可知，大多数美国人对灾难没有充分的准备。故选C。2．A细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“However,hesurvivedbecausehismothermadeaquickdecisiontoputabaseballhelmet(头盔)onhisheadrightbeforethetornadohit.(然而，他活了下来，因为他的母亲在龙卷风袭击之前迅速决定给他戴上棒球头盔。)”可知，诺亚·斯图尔特能在龙卷风中幸存下来是因为他受到了头盔的保护。故选A。3．C细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“However,it'snecessarythatyoukeepthesehelmetsinaneasilyreachableplace;theyshouldnotbeusedforanyotherpurpose,astheymaybemisplaced.(然而，你有必要把这些头盔放在一个容易拿到的地方；它们不应用于任何其他目的，因为它们可能被放错地方。)”可知，我们应该把头盔放在容易拿到的地方才能让头盔发挥好作用。故选C。4．D推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段“However,inspiteofalltheabilitiesforwarnings,Americansarestillquitepooratpreparingforthesedisasters.Ina2006surveycarriedoutbyTime,only16%percentbelievedtheywerewellpreparedforthenextone.(然而，尽管预警能力很强，美国人在为这些灾难做准备方面仍然很差。在《时代周刊》杂志2006年进行的一项调查中，只有16%的人认为他们为下一个危机做好了准备。)”可知，作者写这篇文章是为了号召人们为灾难做好准备。故选D。VII七选五【语篇解读】文章建议家庭制订一个应急计划，以防发生自然灾害。1．D上文“Thethoughtofanaturaldisastercanbefrightening,butpreparingforthemostlikelydisasters,suchastornadoes,hurricanes,floodsandwildfires,isnecessary.(想到自然灾害可能会让人害怕，但为最可能发生的灾难做好准备，如龙卷风、飓风、洪水和野火，是必要的。)”说明各种各样的自然灾害都有可能发生，由此可知，D项“你可能不知道什么样的灾难即将来临。”承接上文，且呼应空后所讲的“你可以制订一个家庭应急计划……”。故选D。2．E根据上文“Moreimportantly,youhavetomonitorpotential(潜在的)disasters.(更重要的是，你必须监控潜在的灾难。)”可知，E项“要做到这一点，首先，识别有潜在威胁的情况。”承接上文，选项中的“potentialthreateningsituations”和上文中的“potentialdisasters”相对应。故选E。3．C空处位于段首，为该段的主旨句。根据下文“Ifyourfamilyisatriskofexposuretoanaturaldisaster,explaintothemwhat'shappening.Reviewyouremergencypreparednessplansothateveryoneknowswhattodointheeventofadisaster.(如果你的家人有遭受自然灾害的风险，向他们解释将要发生什么。回顾你们的应急准备计划，以便每个人都知道在灾难发生时该做什么。)”可知，C项“其次，让家庭成员为可能发生的事情做好准备。”概括本段大意，说明要让家人有所准备。故选C。4．G根据下文“Inthisway,you'llbewellinformedofwhat'shappening.(用这种方法，你会很清楚将会发生什么事。)”可知，G项“注册接收当地政府或气象服务的警报或更新。”和下文存在因果关系。下文中“thisway”指选项中所提供的方法。故选G。5．F下文“Sobesuretofollowtheirinstructions.(所以一定要听从他们的指示。)”说明要听从指挥。由此可知，F项“如果自然灾害即将来临，当地政府可能会下令疏散。”和下文存在因果关系。下文中的代词“their”指代选项中的“Yourlocalauthority”。故选F。VIII.语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。2025·盐城中学Floodsandlandslidesarehard1．__to__avoid__(avoid).However,toprotectagainstthem,peopletakea2．__variety__(vary)o