专题11阅读六选四聚焦段落严谨逻辑（题型专练）

专题11阅读六选四目录第一部分题型解码高屋建瓴，掌握全局第二部分考向破译微观解剖，精细教学典例引领方法透视变式演练考向01逻辑衔接词【重难】考向02词汇复现与同义替换考向03代词指代第三部分综合巩固整合应用，模拟实战题型简介高考英语“六选四”题型通常出现在阅读理解或完形填空的变体中，要求考生从六个选项中选出四个，填入文章空白处，使文章逻辑连贯、内容完整。该题型主要考查学生的语篇理解能力和逻辑衔接能力，要求考生不仅能理解选项的字面意思，更能把握文章的整体结构、作者观点及上下文逻辑关系。文章题材多为说明文或议论文，结构清晰但选项干扰性强，需通过关键词、指代关系及逻辑线索进行判断。与传统的七选五相比，六选四的选项更精简，但选项之间的关联性和迷惑性更高，对学生的综合语篇分析能力提出了更高要求。设题类型该题型的设题主要围绕逻辑衔接与语义连贯展开，可分为三类常见设题方式：一是段落主题句，考查对段落大意的概括能力；二是过渡句/承上启下句，侧重上下文逻辑衔接，如因果、转折、举例等；三是细节支撑句，要求选择能佐证前文观点或补充关键信息的句子。选项设计具有较强干扰性，可能包含与原文词汇重复但逻辑不符的“词汇陷阱”，或与局部内容相关却破坏整体连贯的“片面选项”。命题时注重考查学生对指代词（如this,these）、衔接词（however,therefore）及同义表达的敏感度。命题方式命题者首先会选取一篇逻辑清晰的文章，有目的地删除四个关键句子。这些删除点主要设计在两类位置：一类是衔接逻辑的枢纽（如段落首尾、观点转折处、例证前后），另一类是信息链的关键环节（如因果链条、步骤顺序、对比要点）。被删除的句子往往是承载承上启下、概括总结或补充说明功能的关键信息。最关键的一步是干扰项的设置。命题者会巧妙设计两个干扰项，它们通常具备以下特征之一：①内容相关但逻辑错位（包含原文词汇，但放入后破坏上下文逻辑）；②部分信息正确但整体不符（陈述了文中事实，却答非所问）；③绝对化或常识性误导（表述过于绝对，或符合常识但与文章具体观点不符）。这些干扰项旨在诱导学生进行浅层的词汇匹配或片面理解，从而精准区分不同能力层次的学生。解题思路解答此类题目可遵循三步策略：首先通读全文，尤其关注空白处上下文，明确文章主旨与逻辑脉络；其次分析选项，划出关键代词、衔接词及与原文相关的词汇，初步判断选项功能（如总结、转折、举例）；最后双向比对，将选项代入空白，检查是否与前后句构成合理的逻辑关系（如并列、递进、因果），并确保语义连贯无矛盾。实践中可优先处理特征明显的选项（含明显衔接词或代词指代的句子），再通过排除法逐步缩小范围。需特别注意避免仅因词汇重复而误选，而应始终以整体逻辑为核心判断依据。考向01逻辑衔接词【例11】（2025年上海市浦东新区一模）Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.OrangutantreatshiswoundwithamedicinalplantScientistshaveobservedawildorangutannamedRakususingamedicinalplanttotreathisownwound,abehaviorneverbeforedocumentedingreatapes.47.________Theresearchteam,ledbyIsabelleLaumeroftheMaxPlanckInstitute,firstnoticedRakushadadeepcutonhislowerleginJune2024.TheythenobservedhimchewingleavesofaplantcalledDracaenacantleyi—aspeciesknowntocontainantiinflammatoryandpainrelievingpounds—andapplyingthechewedpulpdirectlytohiswound.48.________ThisspecificitysuggestedthatRakusknewexactlywhathewasdoing,ratherthanactingoutofrandomchance.49.________Onepossibilityisthatthebehaviorisinnate,meaningRakuswasbornwiththeknowledge.50.________Anothertheoryisthathediscoveredtheplant’sbenefitsthroughtrialanderror.Forexample,hemayhaveaccidentallytouchedawoundwhilefeedingonaplantandexperienceditsanalgesiceffects,causinghimtorepeatthebehavior.ItisalsopossiblethatRakuspreviouslylearnedthebehaviorfromotherorangutans,sinceyoungorangutansrelyonsociallearningtoacquiretheskillsnecessaryforadultlife.A.Threedayslater,theysawaninterestingchainofevents.B.Andheselectivelytreatedhiswoundandnotanyotherbodyparts.C.Rakusmayhaveobservedhismotherdemonstratinghowtotreatwounds.D.Laumerandcolleaguesdonotknowhoworwherethisbehaviororiginated.E.Thefindingsmayprovideinsightsintotheevolutionofthisbehavioramonghumans.F.It’sthefirstreportofsuspectedwoundtreatmentbyawildanimalusingaplantwithknownmedicinalproperties.47.F47.F48.B49.D50.C解析：47题（段首衔接+例证铺垫）：前句提出“科学家观察到野生猩猩用药用植物治疗伤口”这一核心发现，后句详细说明研究过程。选项F中“It’sthefirstreport”承接前文“neverbeforedocumented”，用“first”强化“首次发现”的逻辑，且引出后续研究的合理性，为例证做铺垫，符合开篇衔接功能。48题（并列关系+细节支撑）：前句描述猩猩“咀嚼药用植物并敷在伤口”的行为，后句“thisspecificity”提示设空处需体现“特异性”。选项B中“And”表并列，“selectivelytreatedhiswoundandnotanyotherbodyparts”直接解释“特异性”，与后句“knewexactlywhathewasdoing”形成逻辑闭环，为细节支撑句。49题（主旨句+因果引出）：后句列举“天生具备”“试错发现”“社会学习”三种行为起源的可能性，说明设空处需提出“行为起源不明”的主旨。选项D“donotknowhoworwherethisbehaviororiginated”直接点明主旨，后句“Onepossibility”“Anothertheory”均为对该句的原因推测，符合段首主旨句功能。50题（并列关系+例证补充）：前句“Onepossibility”提出第一种推测，后句“Anothertheory”为第三种，设空处需为第二种并列推测。选项C“mayhaveobservedhismotherdemonstrating”是“社会学习”的具体表现，与前后句的“Onepossibility”“Anothertheory”形成并列列举，逻辑连贯。上海高考英语六选四题型以说明文和议论文为主，文本逻辑严密，逻辑衔接词是串联上下文的“隐形线索”，也是解题的核心突破口。通过识别衔接词所传递的逻辑关系，可快速匹配选项与设空处的语义关联。以下是四大高频逻辑关系及解题技巧：1.并列/递进关系：同向语义延伸标志词：and,also,besides,moreover,furthermore,inaddition,what'smore等。解题关键：选项需与上下文语义同向，要么补充同类信息，要么在原有基础上深化。设空处前后常出现同类名词、同义表达或并列结构。2.转折/对比关系：反向语义转折标志词：but,however,yet,nevertheless,while,onthecontrary,incontrast,instead等。解题关键：选项需与上下文语义形成对比或转折，重点关注设空处前后的核心观点差异，衔接词往往直接提示逻辑转向。3.因果关系：因果链条衔接标志词：so,therefore,thus,hence,asaresult,because,since,for,dueto等。解题关键：若设空处前为“因”，选项需为“果”；若前为“果”，选项需解释“因”。需确保因果逻辑闭环，避免因果倒置。4.例证/解释关系：抽象与具体衔接标志词：forexample,forinstance,namely,thatis,inotherwords,specifically等。解题关键：若设空处前为抽象观点，选项需为具体案例或解释说明；若前为具体事例，选项需为概括性观点。标志词常直接引导例证内容。【变式11】（2025年上海市闵行区一模）Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.​CanaPillFightLonelinessLonelinessisagrowingpublichealthconcern,affectingmillionsofpeopleworldwide.Itnotonlycausesemotionalpainbutalsoincreasestheriskofphysicalillnesseslikeheartdiseaseanddepression.​48.________That'sthefocusofaclinicalexperimentthatCacioppoisoverseeing.Forayearandahalf,96lonelybuthealthysubjectshavebeentakingacertainamountofpregnenolone,achemicalsubstanceassociatedwithmemoryenhancementandstressreduction.​49.________Theideaisthatapillcouldclearyourview,helpingyouseethingsclearlyinsteadoffeelingafraidofeveryone.Thenyoubeemorewillingtolistentoothers.​Thegoaloftheresearchistoseehowbalancingpregnenolonelevelsaffectsthesubjects.Thepillcouldhelpreducethefearthatmakeslonelypeoplewithdrawandactmorecalmlyinsocialsituations.​50.________Lonelinessmakespeopleoverlysensitivetonegativesocialsignals,suchasastranger’sneutralexpressionbeingseenasunfriendly.Thepillmayadjustthisoversensitivity.​51.________Iftheexperimentsucceeds,itcouldprovideanewwaytohelplonelypeoplerebuildsocialconnections,thoughexpertsremindthatpillscan’treplacerealhumaninteraction.​A.Couldapillmakesocialsituationsfeellessthreatening?​B.Socialconnectionsarealsoessentialforahealthylifestyle.​C.It’slikedrivinginthewinterwhenyoucan’tseeclearly.​D.Thereisastrongconnectionbetweenmemoryenhancementandstressreduction.​E.Atthesametime,itcanalsomakethemdefensivewhenjudgingothers.​F.Unfortunately,thefearwillappearrepeatedlyandinfluenceyourperceptionofthings.​答案：48.A49.C50.F51.E​解析：​48题（段首主旨+设问引出）：后句“that'sthefocus”提示设空处需明确研究焦点。选项A以设问“药片能否降低社交场景的威胁感”引出下文“孕烯醇酮实验”，设问句直接对应“focus”，符合段首引出主题的功能。​49题（比喻解释+逻辑衔接）：后句“clearyourview”“seethingsclearly”提示设空处需用比喻体现“视野模糊”。选项C“开车时看不清”与“clearyourview”形成反义对应，用比喻解释药片的作用，衔接自然。​50题（因果关系+细节支撑）：前句说明药片“减少退缩恐惧”，后句解释“孤独使人对负面信号敏感”。选项F中“Unfortunately”表转折，“fear...influenceyourperception”承接前句“fearthatmakeslonelypeoplewithdraw”，并引出后句“overlysensitivetonegativesocialsignals”的原因，因果逻辑通顺。​51题（并列关系+补充说明）：前句讲药片“调整过度敏感”，选项E中“Atthesametime”表并列，“makethemdefensive”补充孤独的另一负面影响，且与前文“overlysensitive”形成同类语义延伸，后句“experimentsucceeds”承接该句的改善可能性。​【变式12】（2025年上海市虹口区一模）​Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.​TheBenefitsofTalkingtoYourDogManypeoplefindfortintalkingtotheirdogs,eveniftheyknowthedogscan’trespondwithwords.Recentresearchsuggeststhishabitisn’tjustaquirk—itactuallyhasrealemotionalbenefits.​47.________Whenpeoplesharetheirtroubleswithdogs,theyoftenfeellessjudgedthanwhentalkingtofriendsorfamily.Friendsmayofferadviceorcriticize,butadogsimplylistenswithoutjudgment.​48.________Thisnonjudgmentallisteningcreatesasafespaceforemotionalrelease.Forexample,apersonwholostajobmightfeelembarrassedtosharewithcolleaguesbutcanpourtheirheartouttoadog.​49.________Furthersupportforthisphenomenonesfroma2022study.Itwasfoundthatbyengaginginmicrobreakstopettheirpup,peopleareabletorelaxandrecover—inwaysthatinteractingwithnonfurryfamilymembersdoesn’t.​50.________“Theycansensewhenwe’reupset—andthey’rearguablybetteratreadingusthansomepeopleare,”saysKoga.And“becauseweknowthatourdogsreadussowell,weregulateourselvessoasnottoupsetourdogs,whichishelpfulforusaswell.”It’sapositivefeedbackloop.​A.Adogwon’ttrytofixtheproblemthewaysomepeopledo.​B.Dogsarenotjustpetsbutbelovedmembersofafamily.​C.Dogsarefantasticatreadingouremotions.​D.Readingandunderstandingtheneedsofpetshelpsimproveouroverallemotionalwellbeing.​E.Talkingtoyourdogaboutemotionallyfrustratingissuescanbeparticularlybeneficial.​F.They’remorelikelytodistractyoufromyourpain.​答案：47.E48.A49.D50.C​解析：​47题（段首主旨+总领全段）：前句提出“和狗说话有情感益处”，后句对比“和狗说话不被评判”与“和亲友说话的压力”。选项E“和狗谈论情感困扰特别有益”直接点明段落核心，“emotionallyfrustratingissues”对应后句“sharetheirtroubles”，总领全段例证。​48题（转折对比+细节支撑）：后句“nonjudgmentallistening”提示设空处需对比“狗与人类的不同反应”。选项A中“won’ttrytofixtheproblem”与前句“Friendsmayofferadviceorcriticize”形成转折对比，直接支撑“lessjudged”的观点，细节到位。​51题（递进关系+研究支撑）：后句“2022年研究”为具体论据，设空处需为概括性观点。选项D“理解宠物需求提升情感健康”承接前文“情感益处”，后句“pettheirpup...relax”是对该观点的研究佐证，递进逻辑清晰。​50题（例证引出+引用支撑）：后句Koga的话“sensewhenwe’reupset”“betteratreadingus”提示设空处需提出“狗能读懂情绪”的观点。选项C“Dogsarefantasticatreadingouremotions”直接点明主旨，引用内容为该观点的具体解释，衔接紧密。​【变式13】（2025年上海复旦附中高三联合模拟考）Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.​ThePowerofMicroMomentsWeoftenfocusonbiglifeevents—likeweddingsorpromotions—asthekeytohappiness.Butrecentpsychologyresearchshowsthatsmall,everydayinteractionsmaybemoreimportantthanwethink.​52.________Theyarebrief,unplannedexchangesthathappenindailylife,yettheyplayacrucialroleinshapingourwellbeing.​53.________Manypeopledismissthesemomentsas“insignificant”becausetheylastonlyafewseconds.Butstudiesshowthatfrequentmicromomentscanaccumulatetoreducestressandincreasefeelingsofbelonging.​54.________A2023studyfromHarvardUniversityfoundthatpeoplewhohad3ormorepositivemicromomentsadayreported20%higherlifesatisfactionthanthosewhohadfewer.Thestudyalsonotedthatevencasualinteractions—likeafriendlywavefromacoworker—counted.​55.________Forinstance,agenuine“howareyou?”followedbyactivelisteningismoreeffectivethanarushedgreeting.Psychologistssuggestthatbeingpresentinthesemoments—puttingdownyourphone,makingeyecontact—maximizestheirbenefits.​A.Thesesmallinteractionsarecalled“micromoments”bypsychologists.​B.However,theycanhavealonglastingimpactonouremotionalhealth.​C.Peopleoftenoverlooktheimportanceofdailysmallconversations.​D.Micromomentscanalsostrengthenrelationshipsbetweenstrangers.​E.It’snotjustthequantitybutthequalityofmicromomentsthatmatters.​F.Forexample,asmilefromabaristaorachatwithaneighborcanliftyourmood.​答案：52.A53.B54.F55.E​解析：​52题（定义解释+术语引出）：前句提出“日常小互动很重要”，后句“they”指代设空处的名词短语。选项A中“Thesesmallinteractions”承接前句“small,everydayinteractions”，并定义为“micromoments”，引出后文对该术语的展开，符合定义衔接功能。​53题（转折关系+强调重要性）：后句“dismissthesemomentsasinsignificant”与“frequentmicromomentscanaccumulatetoreducestress”形成转折。选项B中“However”表转折，“longlastingimpact”与“insignificant”形成对比，强调小互动的隐性价值，逻辑转折自然。​54题（例证关系+研究支撑）：后句“哈佛大学研究”证明“积极微时刻提升生活满意度”，设空处需为具体例证。选项F“咖啡师的微笑、邻居的闲聊”是对“micromoments”的具体举例，与后句“casualinteractions—likeafriendlywave”同类呼应，为研究做铺垫。​55题（递进关系+质量强调）：后句“真诚问候比匆忙招呼更有效”提示设空处需从“数量”转向“质量”。选项E“notjustthequantitybutthequality”表递进，直接引出后文对“质量”的具体说明，“genuine...activelistening”是对“quality”的诠释，逻辑连贯。考向02词汇复现与同义替换【例21】（2025年上海浦东新区高三二模）Youmayhaveboughtadrinkrecentlyandnoticedsomethingodd:theonceremovablecapisnowtiedtothebottlebyasmallpieceofplastic.Thisisoneofseveralpoliciesdesignedtolimittheamountofplasticlitter.Itspecificallytargetsthecapsfromsingleuseplasticbottles.1._______.AstudybytheOceanConservancyfoundthatplasticbottlecapsareamongthetopfiveitemscollectedduringcoastalcleanupsworldwide.2._______.Unlikelargerplasticitemsthattakeyearstobreakdown,capsaresmallenoughtobemistakenforfoodbymarinecreatures.3._______.Forexample,seaturtlesoftenconfusethemwithjellyfish,astaplefoodintheirdiet.Evenifthecreaturessurviveingestion,thecapscancauseinternalblockagesorreleasetoxicchemicalsovertime.4._______.Somecriticsarguethatattachingcapstobottlesmayincreaseproductioncosts,buttheenvironmentalbenefitsfaroutweighthisdrawback.​​A.Thisdesignchangehassparkedsomedebate​B.Theirsmallsizemakesthemparticularlyharmfultowildlife​C.Thesecapsareoftenleftbehindwhenbottlesarerecycled​D.Bottlecapsarealsooneofthemostmonitemsconsumedbymarineanimals​E.Havingbottlecapsattachedcouldleadtohigherinstancesofplasticgoingtolandfill​F.Theyaremorelikelytofindtheirwayintotheenvironmentandposeriskstowildlife​答案：1.F2.B3.D4.A​详细解析​第1空（F选项）：原词复现+逻辑承接前文核心线索：“targetsthecapsfromsingleuseplasticbottles”（聚焦一次性塑料瓶瓶盖），核心词为“caps”。选项F中的“they”指代前文“caps”，属于代词复现；“findtheirwayintotheenvironment”与前文“limittheamountofplasticlitter”（减少塑料垃圾）形成逻辑呼应——正因为瓶盖易进入环境，才需要限制其成为垃圾。后文提到“OceanConservancy的研究发现瓶盖是海岸清理的五大物品之一”，进一步验证了“易进入环境”的观点，语义连贯。​第2空（B选项）：同义替换+细节承接前文线索：“capsaresmallenoughtobemistakenforfoodbymarinecreatures”（瓶盖尺寸小，易被海洋生物误认为食物），核心语义为“小尺寸+对海洋生物的危害”。选项B中的“smallsize”与前文“smallenough”为原词复现，“particularlyharmfultowildlife”与“mistakenforfoodbymarinecreatures”为同义替换（“harmful”对应“被误吃的危害”）。该选项承上启下，既总结前文“小尺寸”的特点，又引出后文具体危害的例子，逻辑清晰。​第3空（D选项）：例证衔接+词汇复现前文线索：“mistakenforfoodbymarinecreatures”（被海洋生物误吃），后文线索：“seaturtlesoftenconfusethemwithjellyfish”（海龟常将其误认为水母）——后文是具体例子，空缺处需为“总起性例证句”。选项D中的“consumedbymarineanimals”（被海洋生物吞食）与前文“mistakenforfood”为同义替换，“marineanimals”与后文“seaturtles”为同范畴复现（下义词例证上义词），完美衔接“总分”逻辑。​第4空（A选项）：逻辑转折+语义呼应后文线索：“Somecriticsarguethat...”（一些批评者认为……），提示空缺处需引出“争议”话题。选项A中的“sparkedsomedebate”（引发一些争议）与后文“criticsargue”形成语义呼应，“thisdesignchange”指代前文“theonceremovablecapisnowtiedtothebottle”（可拆卸瓶盖变为系在瓶上），属于代词复现。该选项承上启下，从“环境危害”过渡到“争议观点”，逻辑连贯。词汇复现：精准捕捉语境呼应词汇复现指同一词汇或同一语义场的词汇在语篇中重复出现，形成语义呼应。其核心作用是强化主题一致性，帮助考生锁定“话题相关”的选项。常见类型包括：1.原词复现：选项与原文空缺处前后出现完全相同的名词、动词等核心词汇，是最直接的线索。需注意：原词复现多为名词（如主题词、具体事物名称），因其在语篇中稳定性强。2.同根词复现：通过词根相同、词形不同的词汇形成呼应（如动词原形与过去分词、名词与形容词），需考生掌握常见词缀变化（如tion,ment,able等）。3.同范畴复现：选项与原文词汇属于同一语义范畴（如上义词与下义词），如“bottledwater”与“drink”、“marineanimals”与“wildlife”，需结合语境判断范畴关联。同义替换：深度匹配语义关联同义替换指选项与原文用不同词汇表达同一语义，是命题人常用的“隐藏线索”，考查考生的语义转换能力。解题时需关注“核心动作、情感态度、逻辑关系”的同义转换，常见类型包括：1.动词类同义替换：如“conduct”与“carryout”、“improve”与“promote”、“solve”与“resolve”，这类替换直接关联句子核心动作，是解题关键。2.名词/形容词类同义替换：如“garbage”与“litter”、“frustrating”与“discouraging”，需积累高频同义词汇。3.逻辑短语同义替换：如“asaresult”与“therefore”、“incontrast”与“conversely”，这类替换关联语篇逻辑，需结合衔接词判断。【变式21】（2025年上海徐汇区高三一模）Theconceptof“slowreading”hasgainedpopularityinrecentyearsasaresponsetothefastpaceddigitalage.Unlikeskimmingorscanning,slowreadingemphasizesdeepprehensionandemotionalconnectionwiththetext.1._______.Itrequiresreaderstosetasidedistractions,suchassmartphonesandsocialmedianotifications,andfocusfullyonthecontent.2._______.Forinstance,whenreadingaliteraryclassic,slowreadersmaypausetoanalyzemetaphorsorreflectontheauthor’sunderlyingmessages,ratherthanrushingtofinishthechapter.3._______.ResearchconductedbytheUniversityofCaliforniafoundthatslowreadersretain30%moreinformationthanfastreadersandshowhigherlevelsofempathytowardcharactersinnarrativetexts.4._______.Whileitmaytakemoretime,thecognitiveandemotionalbenefitsmakeitavaluablepracticeformodernreaders.A.ThisintentionalfocusiswhatdistinguishesslowreadingfromotherreadingstylesB.SlowreadingalsobringssignificantcognitivebenefitsC.Itisnotmerelya“slowdown”butadeliberateapproachtoreadingD.Fastreading,bycontrast,prioritizesspeedoverunderstandingE.ManyeducatorsnowremendslowreadingforstudentstoimprovecriticalthinkingF.Thispracticeallowsreaderstoengagemoredeeplywiththetext’snuances答案：1.C2.F3.B4.A解析第1空（C选项）：同义替换+定义深化前文定义“slowreadingemphasizesdeepprehension”（慢读强调深度理解），选项C中“deliberateapproach”（刻意的方法）与“emphasizesdeepprehension”为同义替换，“notmerelya‘slowdown’”（不仅是“放慢速度”）反驳对“慢读”的表面认知，深化定义，同时“it”指代前文“slowreading”，代词复现，衔接自然。第2空（F选项）：例证衔接+语义呼应前文线索“focusfullyonthecontent”（全神贯注于内容），后文例子“pausetoanalyzemetaphors”（暂停分析比喻），选项F中“engagemoredeeplywiththetext’snuances”（深入理解文本细节）与前文“focusfully”、后文“analyzemetaphors”形成语义链，“thispractice”指代“slowreading”，复现主题词，衔接“总分”逻辑。第3空（B选项）：研究结论衔接+同义替换后文线索“retain30%moreinformation”（记住更多信息）“higherlevelsofempathy”（更高共情能力），均为“认知益处”。选项B中“cognitivebenefits”（认知益处）与后文研究结果为同义替换，“also”承接前文“深度理解”的益处，形成“情感益处+认知益处”的递进逻辑。第4空（A选项）：总结前文+词汇复现前文多次强调“focusfully”（全神贯注），选项A中“intentionalfocus”（刻意专注）与前文“focusfully”为同义替换，“distinguishesslowreadingfromotherstyles”（区分慢读与其他阅读方式）总结前文慢读的核心特征，与开头“unlikeskimmingorscanning”呼应，收尾自然。【变式22】（2025年上海延安中学高三9月评估题）Nightmaresaremorethanjustscarydreams—theycanserveasimportantsignalsforphysicalandmentalhealth.1._______.Wheretheyareasymptom,theycanwarnoftroubleahead.Andwheretheyareacause,theycancontributetoongoingstressoranxiety.2._______.Forexample,peoplewithuntreatedsleepapneaoftenreportfrequentnightmares,asinterruptedbreathingduringsleeptriggersfearresponsesinthebrain.3._______.A2024studyintheJournalofSleepResearchfoundthat60%ofpeoplewithchronicanxietyexperiencerecurrentnightmares,whichinturnworsentheiranxietylevels.4._______.Bypayingattentiontothethemesandfrequencyofnightmares,individualscanidentifypotentialhealthissuesearlyandseekappropriatesupport.A.NightmarescanalsobeareflectionofmentalhealthconditionsB.ThistwowayrelationshiphighlightstheneedforproactiveattentionC.TheycanactasbothasymptomofunderlyingissuesandacontributingfactortopoorhealthD.CertainphysicalhealthproblemsarecloselylinkedtofrequentnightmaresE.ChildrenaremorelikelytohavenightmaresthanadultsduetoimmaturenervoussystemsF.Ignoringrecurringnightmaresmayleadtolongtermmentalhealthrisks答案：1.C2.D3.A4.B解析第1空（C选项）：总分衔接+同义替换后文线索“Wheretheyareasymptom...Andwheretheyareacause...”（既是症状……又是原因……），选项C中“bothasymptom...andacontributingfactor”（既是症状……又是影响因素）与后文完全同义，“they”指代前文“nightmares”，总起全段，线索明确。第2空（D选项）：例证衔接+范畴复现后文例子“peoplewithuntreatedsleepapneaoftenreportfrequentnightmares”（睡眠呼吸暂停患者常做噩梦），属于“生理健康问题与噩梦的关联”。选项D中“physicalhealthproblems”与后文“sleepapnea”（生理疾病）为同范畴复现（上义词+下义词），引出后文例证，逻辑匹配。第3空（A选项）：并列逻辑+主题延伸前文讲“生理健康与噩梦”，后文例子“chronicanxietyexperiencerecurrentnightmares”（慢性焦虑者常做噩梦），属于“心理健康与噩梦”。选项A中“mentalhealthconditions”与后文“chronicanxiety”为同范畴复现，“also”体现“生理→心理”的并列逻辑，衔接自然。第4空（B选项）：总结全文+逻辑呼应前文讲“噩梦是生理/心理问题的症状，又会加剧健康问题”（双向关系），选项B中“thistwowayrelationship”指代前文逻辑，“needforproactiveattention”与后文“payingattentionto...seeksupport”（关注噩梦并寻求帮助）同义呼应，总结全文主旨。【变式23】（2025年上海黄浦区高三联考）The“sharingeconomy”hastransformedhowpeopleaccessgoodsandservicesinrecentdecades.Fromridesharingappstovacationhomerentals,thismodelreliesonindividualssharingunderusedresourcesformutualbenefit.1._______.Insteadofpurchasingexpensiveitemsthatareonlyusedoccasionally,consumerscanrentthemfromothersatalowercost.2._______.Forexample,adesignerdressthatcosts$500tobuycanberentedfor$50forasingleevent,reducingwasteandsavingtherentermoney.3._______.However,thesharingeconomyalsofaceschallenges,suchasensuringthesafetyofbothprovidersandusers,andregulatingfairpricing.4._______.Astechnologyimprovesandregulationsbeemorerefined,thesharingeconomyislikelytogrowandadapttomeetchangingconsumerneeds.A.ThismodelofferscleareconomicbenefitstoconsumersB.ItalsopromotesenvironmentalsustainabilitybyreducingoverconsumptionC.ThesharingeconomyhasexpandedbeyondphysicalgoodstoincludeservicesD.Despitethesechallenges,itslongtermpotentialremainssignificantE.ManytraditionalbusinesseshavebeguntoadoptsharingeconomyprinciplesF.Consumersareincreasinglydrawntotheflexibilityofthesharingeconomy答案：1.A2.B3.F4.D解析第1空（A选项）：语义解释+同义替换前文定义共享经济“sharingunderusedresourcesformutualbenefit”（共享闲置资源实现互利），后文线索“rentthemfromothersatalowercost”（低价租赁），选项A中“economicbenefitstoconsumers”（消费者经济收益）与“lowercost”为同义替换，“thismodel”指代“sharingeconomy”，承接前文定义，解释核心优势。第2空（B选项）：例证延伸+语义补充后文例子“designerdressrentedfor$50insteadof$500”（租礼服比买更便宜），既体现经济收益，又隐含“减少购买即减少浪费”。选项B中“promotesenvironmentalsustainability”（促进环境可持续性）与例子中“reducingwaste”同义，“also”补充前文“经济收益”的另一优势（环境收益），逻辑递进。第3空（F选项）：转折前铺垫+语义呼应后文“however”引出挑战，空缺处需讲共享经济的优势以形成转折。选项F中“increasinglydrawntotheflexibility”（被灵活性吸引）是共享经济的重要优势，与前文“经济、环境优势”并列，为后文“butchallenges”做铺垫，逻辑连贯。第4空（D选项）：转折衔接+前景总结前文讲“faceschallenges”（面临挑战），选项D中“despitethesechallenges”（尽管有这些挑战）直接承接转折，“longtermpotentialremainssignificant”（长期潜力显著）与后文“likelytogrow”（可能发展壮大）同义呼应，总结共享经济的前景，收尾有力。考向03代词指代【例31】（2025年上海奉贤一模）Researchershavebeenexploringwaystofightillegalwildlifetrade,whichcauseshugelossestobiodiversity.____47____Thesesmallcreatureshaveasharpsenseofsmellthatcandistinguishdifferentscentseveninplexenvironments.​First,theratsaretrainedtorecognizethescentsoftargetwildlifeproductslikeivoryandrhinohorn.____48____Aftermasteringthisskill,theyreceivefurthertraining.____49____Toaddressthisproblem,trainersexposetheratstothesescentsrepeatedlyuntiltheycanignorethedistractions.Oncefullytrained,theratscanworkefficientlyinrealscenarios.____50____Itnotonlyreducesthecostofdetectionbutalsoimprovestheaccuracyparedwithtraditionalmethods.​A.Previously,they'vetrainedpacksofheroratstodetectdangerousbacteria.​B.Thentheywereintroducedtomonscentsusedtomaskillegalwildlifetrade.​C.Thiseffortaimstoprovidealowcostdetectionsystemtopreventillegalhunting.​D.However,thereareconcernsthattheratsmightbedistractedbysomemonscents.​E.Existingscreeningtoolsareexpensiveandtimeintensive,necessitatinganewapproach.​F.Forthispurpose,thesetrainedratswillbeexpectedtoworkinlikelyhotspotsforillegalwildlifetrade.​聚焦代词指代的关键空（47题）​答案：A​解析：​步骤1：分析空格后句代词——空格后出现“Thesesmallcreatures”（这些小型生物），可判断空格处需提及“复数小型生物”，锁定选项A（packsofherorats）、B（they）、D（therats）、F（thesetrainedrats），排除C（Thiseffort）、E（Existingscreeningtools）。​步骤2：锁定就近指代对象——空格后“Thesesmallcreatures”首次出现“小型生物”，说明空格处是该对象的首次提及，需明确“生物具体所指”。选项A直接提出“packsofherorats”（一群英雄老鼠），“rats”对应“smallcreatures”；选项B、D、F中的“they/thesetrainedrats”均为指代前文已提及的老鼠，而空格前未出现“老鼠”相关内容，故排除。​步骤3：验证逻辑一致性——空格前讲“研究者探索打击非法野生动物贸易的方法”，选项A提及“之前训练老鼠检测危险细菌”，为后文“利用老鼠嗅觉检测野生动物制品”做铺垫，逻辑连贯。最终确定答案为A。1.定指代属性——明确代词单复数与属性​首先标注选项或空格前后句中的代词，根据代词的单复数、性别、指代对象类型（人/物/事）缩小匹配范围。如：it/this/that通常指代单数名词或前文整句话；they/them/these/those指代复数名词；he/she指代特定人物；such指代前文提及的一类事物或情况。​2.定指代范围——锁定前文就近搜索区间​英语中代词指代遵循“就近原则”，优先指代前文紧邻的名词或名词短语，若就近无匹配项，再扩大至前一句或本段核心话题。需注意：段首空格的代词通常指代上一段核心内容，段尾空格的代词则需衔接本段前文内容。​3.定逻辑关联——验证指代与语义逻辑一致​找到潜在指代对象后，需结合上下文逻辑（因果、转折、递进等）验证。若选项含however/therefore等逻辑词，需确保指代对象与选项语义构成对应逻辑关系。如：前文肯定某事物优势，选项以however开头并含it，则it必指代前文优势事物，且选项内容为其不足。【变式31】（2025年上海浦东新二模）Youmayhaveboughtadrinkrecentlyandnoticedsomethingodd:theonceremovablecapisnowtiedtothebottlebyasmallpieceofplastic.Thisisoneofseveralpoliciesdesignedtolimittheamountofplasticlitter.Itspecificallytargetsthecapsfromsingleuseplasticbottles.____46____Plasticbottlecapsarenowamongthetoptenlitteritemsfoundinriversandtheocean.​A.Manycountrieshavebannedsingleuseplasticbottlesentirely.​B.Theyaremorelikelytofindtheirwayintotheenvironmentandposeriskstowildlife.​C.Theplasticusedforbottlecapsisdifficulttorecycleparedwithotherplastics.​D.Bottlecapsarealsooneofthemostmonitemsconsumedbymarineanimals.​E.Havingbottlecapsattachedcouldleadtohigherinstancesofplasticgoingtolandfill.​F.Peopleoftenforgettothrowawaybottlecapsseparatelyfrombottles.​答案：B​解析：​步骤1：定位空格前核心指代线索——空格前句明确提及“thecapsfromsingleuseplasticbottles”（一次性塑料瓶的瓶盖），为复数名词短语，空格处选项需含指代“瓶盖”的代词。​步骤2：匹配代词与指代对象——选项B中“They”为复数代词，可指代前文“瓶盖”；选项D虽提及“Bottlecaps”，但无代词衔接，且“also”需前文有同类内容支撑，前文未提“海洋动物食用”相关信息，排除；其他选项A（singleuseplasticbottles）、C（Theplastic）、E（Havingbottlecapsattached）、F（bottlecaps）均无对应复数代词衔接前文。​步骤3：验证逻辑——空格后讲“瓶盖是河流和海洋中十大垃圾之一”，选项B“它们更易进入环境并对野生动物构成威胁”承接前文“政策针对瓶盖”，引出后文“瓶盖成为主要垃圾”，语义连贯。答案为B。​【变式32】（2025年上海闵行区七宝中学5月模拟）Remoteworkhasbeeincreasinglypopularinrecentyearsduetotechnologicaladvancements.____45____Itallowsemployeestosavetimeonmutingandbalanceworkwithfamilylifemoreeasily.Foremployers,itcanreduceofficerentalcostsandexpandthetalentpoolbeyondlocalareas.​46Someemployeesstrugglewithmaintainingworkboundaries,leadingtolongerworkinghoursandincreasedstress.Othersfinditdifficulttomunicateeffectivelywithcolleagueswithoutfacetofaceinteractions.​A.However,italsobringschallengestobothemployeesandemployers.​B.Thistrendhasbeenacceleratedbytheglobalhealthcrisisinrecentyears.​C.Theyhaveinvestedheavilyinvideoconferencingandcollaborationtools.​D.Itreferstoaworkmodewhereemployeesdonotneedtoworkinafixedoffice.​E.Thesebenefitshavemademorepaniesacceptremoteworkasaformaloption.​F.Buttheycansolvetheseproblemsbysettingclearworkschedules.​答案：A​解析：​步骤1：分析段落逻辑与代词——第一段讲远程办公的优势（员工节省通勤时间、雇主降低租金），第二段讲员工面临的边界模糊、沟通困难等问题，可判断46空为转折过渡句，需含表转折的逻辑词和指代“远程办公”的代词。​步骤2：匹配选项特征——选项A含“However”表转折，“it”指代前文“Remotework”，且“bringschallengestobothemployeesandemployers”总领后文员工的具体挑战，符合过渡句功能；选项F虽含“But”，但“they”需指代复数对象，前文“Remotework”为单数，排除；选项B、D、E无转折逻辑，排除。​步骤3：验证衔接——前文讲优势，选项A引出挑战，后文具体展开挑战内容，逻辑链条完整。答案为A。​【变式33】（2025年上海松江区二模）Urbangardeninghasgainedgreatpopularityincitiesaroundtheworld.Moreandmorepeoplearetransformingbalconies,rooftopsandevenemptylotsintosmallgardens.____47____Theygrowavarietyofvegetables,herbsandflowers,turningunusedspacesintogreenoases.​48Itnotonlyimprovesairqualitybyabsorbingcarbondioxidebutalsoprovidesfreshproduceforgardeners.Additionally,itenhancesmunitybon