考前押题04 选词填空题(期末专项训练) （原卷版）

考前押题04选词填空题(期末专项训练)话题1学校与教育话题4社会与文化话题2运动与健康话题5生态与自然话题3文学与艺术话题6科学与技术话题1学校与教育Passage1A．demonstration

B．conversation

C．escaped

D．marching

E.campaigningF.reluctantly

G.absorbing

H.participated

I.prohibited

J.completelyK.exhaustionThesummerheathasreacheditsbreakingpointforagroupofhighschoolstudentsinWales,astheboysdecidedtoprotesttheirschool’sstrictuniformpolicywhich1wearingshortsnomatterwhatweather,byshowinguptoschoolinskirts.Afterthey2tothebathroomtochangeintoall-blackskirts,seventeenWhitechurchHighSchoolstudentsemergedwearingskirtsoncampus,andthey3inthecampaigntoresistthecustomaryuniformtrousers.Theboys’4waslessanactofpoliticallyurgedcivildisobediencethanitwasawaytobeattheheat.Whilenoneoftheboyswerepunishedfortheirprotestingefforts,themovementwasshort-lived.Afterproudly5intotheheadmaster’sofficeshouting“wewanttowearshorts”,theywerequicklyorderedtochangebackintotrousers.“Wehada6withsomeboysandtheyhaveworntrousers,”saidPrincipalJonesWilliams.ProtesterTyroneEvelyn,15,toldWalesOnlinethatthegroupwouldcontinue7forachange.“It’sjustappropriatefortheweather.OverthelastfewdaysI’vehadafewheadachesandskinirritations.Girlscanwearskirts,soIdon’tseewhywecan’twearshorts.It’sareasonableprotest.”Theboys8agreedtowritealettertotheirStudents’Union,applyingforarulechangebynextsummer.Heat9andheatstrokearethetwomostcommonillnessesthatoccurwhentemperaturerises.AccordingtoMayoClinic,wearingloose-fittingandlight-coloredclothinghelpsprotectedpersonfromtrappingsweator10toomuchheat.Passage2A．avoid

B．diligent

C．flexible

D．guidance

E.imaginationF.independentG.initiative

H.prospects

I.pursue

J.ruin

K.unrealisticWhydon’tyougetaproperjob?Today’s14-and15-year-oldsareambitious.Theyareoptimisticabouttheir1,buttheircareerideasarerathervague.Ajobforlifeisnotintheirvocabulary;neitherisadead-endbutsecurejobthatisboringbutpaysthebills.Almosthalftheboyssurveyedexpectedthattheirhobbieswouldleadthemintotherightsortofjob,whilemostgirlsseemeddeterminedto2traditionallyfemalecareerssuchasnursing.Inthepast,thismighthavecountedasbadnews.Buttheworldhaschanged.Theglobaleconomyisnotkindtoyesterday’s3anddependableworker.Thefuturebelongstoquick-thinkingpeoplewhoareresourceful,ambitiousandcantakethe4.Thismeansthata14-year-oldwhoseesherworkingfutureasakindofadventure,tobemadeupasshegoesalong,isnotnecessarilybeing5.However,shehastohavethetrainingand6tohelpherdeveloptherightskillsfortoday’smarket;nottherigid(死板的)preparationforaworkplacethatdisappeared20yearsago.Sowhatistobedone?Agoodfirststepwouldbetochangethewayinwhichschoolsprepareyoungpeopleforadultlife.Theeducationsystemisbecomingless7andmoreobsessed(无法摆脱)withtraditionalskillsatjustthetimethattheemploymentmarketisgoingintheoppositedirection.Accurate,up-to-dateinformationonnewjobsandqualificationscanhelpguidancecounsellorstohelptheirstudents.Youngpeopleneedsolidinformationonthesortoftrainingtheyneedto8thecareeroftheirdreams.Also,alittlebitofencouragementcangoalongway.What,then,canweasparentsdotohelpthem?Thebestthingistoforgetalltheadvicethatourparentsgaveus,andstepintoourteenager’sshoes.Oncewe’vedonethat,it’seasiertoseehowimportantitisthattheylearnhowtobe9andresourceful.Givethemthecouragetofollowtheirdreams—howeveroddtheymightsoundrightnow.Inaworldthatofferseconomicsecuritytoalmostnoone,10isaterriblethingtowaste.话题2运动与健康Passage1A．crackedB．courtC．assuredD．stressedE.harboringF.makingG.roaredH.groundbreakingI.ultimateJ.sensationK.check“QueenWen”ReadytoReignZhengQinwenhasbecomethesecondChinesetoeverreachamajorsinglesfinalafterLiNa’spioneeringtriumphattheAustralianOpenadecadeago.Soclosetothechampionshipandsodisappointed!Yet,itiswithsomuchpridethatwecanreflectonthejourneyofaGrandSlamchampioninthe11.DespitehertoughfinallosstodefendingchampionArynaSabalenka,thetennis12Zheng’samazingrunattheAustralianOpenhasservedupanothermajorboostforthesportinChina.Anaggressivetalent,13championshipdreamssincewatchingLiin2014,Zhengwasonestepawayfromhavingherownnameonthesametrophy,asshestartedbattleagainstthemightySabalenkaonSaturdayevening,14byanenthusiasticChinesecrowdattheRodLaverArenaandtheentiretenniscommunitybackhome.Twosetsand76minuteslater,Zheng’sfirstGrandSlamfinalendedinanalertreality15that,the21-year-oldstillhasplentyofcatchinguptodobeforereachingtheverytopofthegame,technicallyandmentally,eventhoughshe16theworldtop10.Itisamustbecause,ifoneloses,theremustbeareasonbehindit.Zhenghastotrytofigureoutwhy,andthenshewillcomebackstrongerandbetternexttime.Comingupjustonestepshortofthe17prize,ZhengheldbacktearsattheawardceremonywhilegazingatthetrophywhenSabalenkalifteditforasecondtimeinarow.She18howmuchbettershecouldhavedoneduringthepostmatchinterviews,evenwithmediaallgreetingherwithwordsofencouragement.Nothingseemedenoughtosatisfytheambitiouscompetitor,who’salreadyachievedmany“firsts”forChinesetennisoverthepasttwoweeks.WithZhengleadingtheway,Chinawillhavesevenfemaleplayersrankedwithinthetop100.ThisprogressowesalottoLi’s19career,whichhelpedencourageZheng’sgenerationtodreambigger.Witnessingthecollectiveriseofthenextgeneration,Lisaidshecanrest20thatthegame’sfutureisingoodhands.Passage2A．concentrating

B．constantly

C．contrary

D．deliciously

E.healingF.originates

G.peaceful

H.reduction

I.sort

J.specializes

K.thoroughEnjoyingYourLife’sPausesEachcountryhasitsownsecrettohappiness.If“pyt”,whichcloselymeans“don’tworryaboutitandstuffhappens”,explainsarelaxedattitudeofDanishpeople,“niksen”willrevealhowDutchpeoplefightstressandburnoutinafast-pacedlifestyle.Theterm“Niksen”21fromtheDutchword“niks”,whichrefersto“nothing”.Mindfulness,anotherwelcomesubjecttohelppeoplehavea22mind.Butunlikemindfulness,niksenisnotabout23onthepresentmoment.It’saboutlettingyourselfdonothing,andallowingyourmindtorunfreewithoutexpectation.Inpractice,thismeans“hangingaround,lookingatyoursurroundings,orlisteningtomusicaslongasit’swithoutpurpose,”accordingtoTimeMagazine.Niksensounds24totheadvicewewereallgivenaskids.Nowadays,we’re25toldtostaybusyandworkharderthaneveryoneelse.Butniksenopposesthatmentality.Itoffersthechanceto“26donothing”,asCarolienHamming,acoachatCSRCentrum,anorganizationdevotedtofightingstressandburnoutintheNetherlands,toldTime.Shethinksthatniksenisessentialtostayinghealthy,sinceit’saformofmentalrelaxationand27.Justasawildanimalliesinwaitfortheirprey,niksenseemstobeanaturalstateofbeing.Forsomepeople,niksencanmeanmorethanjuststress28.It’salsoameanstoimaginenewideasorplans.JennyHolden,acommunicationsexpertintheUK,addsittoherdailylunchbreaks.“Within10minutesofdoingnothing-juststaringandlisteningtomyself-myheadbegantoclearand29outmyworkandhometo-dolists,”shetoldtheMetroUK.Aboveall,niksenisasuggestionforbalancingworkandrest.AsDutch-bornwriterOglaMeckingwroteinUS-basedWhoollyMagazine,niksenisthe“30enjoymentoflife’spauses”.Everyoneisencouragedtoembraceyourniksenmoments.话题3文学与艺术Passage1A．topic

B．developed

C．arguably

D．increasingly

E.repeated

F.eventsG.shares

H.individual

I.influenced

J.appeals

K.literaryPoetryisakindofwritinginwhichthesoundandmeaningofgroupsofwordsexpressideasoremotioninadditiontotheexperiencesorstrongfeelingsthewriter1.Unlikemostotherformsofwriting,poetryisoftenwritteninlines,ratherthanparagraphs.Poetryalsosoundsdifferentfromotherformsofwriting,oftenusingrhythmandrhymetocreateaninterestingsoundwhenreadaloud.Poetrycatchestheattentionofareaderbecauseit2tobothemotionsandsenses.Soundis3thesinglemostimportantaspectofanypoem.Thesoundthatanygivenwordmakes,orthesoundsthatcomefromspecificgroupsofwordsusedtogether,arewhatmakepoetrysouniqueasaformofwriting.Atypicalstoryorreportdoesnotfocusonthesoundsthateach4wordmakeswhenread.Butpoemsgenerallycontainfewwords,soitisimportantthateachwordplaysaroleinmakinganimpactonthereader.Rhythmistheflowofsoundscreatedbysuccessivewordsinapoem.Whenyoureadapoemyoucanoftenhearthis5pattern,or“beat”inthesounds.Thisiscalledmeter.Someoftheoldestandbest-knownpoetryintheworldcamefromAncientGreece.Asfarbackas700BCE,poetsthererecitedtheirworkatpublic6andreligiousceremonies.ThegreatepicpoemsTheIliadandTheOdysseybyHomercamefromGreece.TheGreekseventually7Romanpoets,suchasVirgil,whowrotetheAeneid30BCE.Inmedievaltimes,poemssuchasBeowulf,TheDivineComedybyDante.andTheCanterburyTalesbyChaucerwerewritten.Religionandromancebecamethe8ofchoiceformanypoetsatthattime.Poetry9evenmoreduringtheRenaissanceperiodofhistory,aneraofmanygreatculturalachievements.ThiswastheperiodduringwhichShakespeare,themostwell-knownpoet,wasmakinghismark!Needlesstosay,atrendhadstarted.Poetryhascontinuedtogrowandchangeasaformof10expressioninmoderntimes.Passage2A．excelled

B．typically

C．devote

D．destination

E.surelyF.barriers

G.winding

H.pursuing

I.keys

J.essentials

K.productiveTheArtofBloomingLateInhisteensandearlytwenties,MozarthadtoworkasanorganistandconcertmasterinhisnativeSalzburgtomakeendsmeet.Underpaidandunfulfilled,hefelta(n)burningdesireto41moretimeandenergytohisart.Soafteraperiodofdoubtanddeliberation,that’sexactlywhathedid.Hequithisjobandembarkedonwhatturnedouttobethemost42andcreativeperiodofhislife.EvenifyouneverhopetoreachMozart’slevelofmastery,youmayconsiderhowheremovedallthe43inhispathtosuccess.Maybeyou’vedoneeverythingright—44atschool,workedhard,andlandedagood,high-payingjob-butyou’retiredofbeingjustlikeeveryoneelse.However,draftingaplanofactioncanbedaunting.What,then,isholdingyouback?RichKarlgaard,thepublisherofForbesmagazineandauthorofLateBloomers,arguesthatourcultures’customswithearlyachievementdiscouragesusfrom45ourpassions.Insteadofhavingvariedinterests,studyingwidely,andtakingourtime—46toself-discovery-we’reencouragedtoacetests,becomespecialistsrightaway,andpursuesafe,stable,andprofitablecareers.Asaresult,mostofusendupchoosingprofessionalexcellenceoverpersonalfulfillment,andoftenweloseourselvesintheprocess.Topromptarevolutioninyourownlife,thereareafewthingstokeepinmind.Firstandforemost,it’snevertoolateto“become”yourself.Aristotle,forexample,didn’tfullydevotehimselftowritingandphilosophyuntilhewasnearly50.Therearealsobenefitstotakingalong,47pathtoself-fulfillment.Rememberthatage48bringswisdom,resilience,self-knowledge,andcreativity.Thatsaid,onceyou’vedecidedtoembarkonthejourney,itmaytakeyears,ifnotlonger,toreachyour49.Butasresearchhasshown,smalldailychangescanhaveacompoundeffectandslowlybut50leadyouclosertothepersonyouthinkyououghttobe.话题4社会与文化Passage1A．aimed

B．characterized

C．connection

D．decline

E.emerging

F.objective

G.previously

H.randomly

I.revealed

J.promising

K.shallowWeareincreasinglylearningthatourguts(肠胃)andourbrainsareintimatelylinked.Butwhiletherehasbeenextensiveresearchintohowourdietscanacceleratebrainaging,lessisknownaboutthefoodsthatcanpreventcognitive1.“The2fieldofNutritionalCognitiveNeuroscienceuncoversspecificfoodsandnutrientsthatpromotebrainhealthacrossthelifespan,”AronBarbey,directoroftheCenterforBrain,BiologyandBehaviorattheUniversityofNebraska-Lincoln,toldNewsweek.“Centraltothiseffortisthediscoveryofnutrientprofilesthatcanbeusedinnutritionalinterventions3atenhancingbrainhealth.”Inanewstudy,publishedinthejournalNatureAging,Barbey,JishengWu,andChristopherZwillingusedstate-of-the-arttechnologytoestablishasetofspecificnutrientprofilesassociatedwithbettercognitiveperformanceinadultsovertheageof65,offeringa4pathtowardsdesigningnutritionalinterventionstopromotehealthybrainaging.Thestudyinvolved100cognitivelyhealthyparticipantsaged65to75.Theanalysis5twotypesofbrainagingamongtheparticipants:acceleratedandslowerthanexpected.Andthosewithslowerbrainaginghadadistinctnutritionalprofile.TheresearcherssaidthatthisnutritionalprofileiscloselylinkedwithnutrientsfoundintheMediterraneandiet,whichhas6beenassociatedwithhealthybrainaging.TheMediterraneandietis7byadietrichinwholegrains,fruits,vegetables,andoliveoil,withamoderateintakeofcheeseandfishandalimitedintakeofredandprocessedmeat.Thisstudyprovidesamore8analysisoftheseassociations.“First,it’soneofthelargestandmostcomprehensivestudiestouseblood-basedbiomarkerstoinvestigatethe9betweendietandbrainhealth,”hesaid.“Second,itgoesbeyondtraditionalcognitivetestsbyemployingmultimodalneuroimagingmeasures,andprovidesamorecompletepictureofbrainhealth.”However,Barbeynotedthatfurtherresearchwasneededtoconfirmtheseresults.Observationalstudieslikethisoneneedtobefollowedbycontrolledtrialsconducted10toconfirmtheeffectivenessoftheidentifiednutrientprofileinpromotingbrainhealth.Passage2A．accurately

B．attaches

C．displaying

D．employed

E.feedback

F.foresawG.guide

H.increasingly

I.map

J.operating

K.wondersVRsurgeryRichardSatava,aprogrammanagerforadvancedmedicaltechnologies,hasbeenadrivingforcebringingvirtualrealitytomedicine,wherecomputerscreatea“virtual”environmentforsurgeons.“Withvirtualrealitywe’llbeabletoputasurgeonineverytrench(战壕),”saidSatava.He11atimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.ThecomputerswouldconveyimagesofthesoldierstosurgeonsbackintheU.S.Thesurgeonswouldlookatthesoldierthroughvirtualrealityhelmetsthatcontainasmallscreen12theimageofthewound.Thedoctorswould13roboticinstrumentsinthebattlefieldmobilesurgicalunitthatoperateonthesoldier.AlthoughSatava’svisionmaybeyearsawayfromstandard14procedure,scientistsareprogressingtowardvirtualrealitysurgery.EngineersinCaliforniaaredevelopingatele-operatingdevice.Assurgeonswatcha3Dimageofthesurgery,theymoveinstrumentsconnectedtoacomputer,whichpassestheirmovementstoroboticinstrumentsthatperformthesurgery.Thecomputerprovides15tothesurgeon.Thetechnological16maynotyetbepartofthecommunityhospitalsetting.However,withthepassageoftime,someofthemachineryis17findingitswayintocivilianmedicine.AtWayneStateUniversityMedicalSchool,surgeonLuciaZamoranotakesimagesofthebrainfromcomputerizedscansandusesacomputerprogramtoproducea3Dimage.Shecanthenmovethe3Dimageonthecomputerscreento18theshortestandleastinvasivesurgicalpathtothecancer.Zamoranoisalsousingtechnologythat19aneedletosurgicalinstrumentssothatshecantracktheirpositions.Whilecuttingawayacancerdeepinthebrain,shewatchesthemovementofhersurgicaltoolsinacomputergraphicsimageofthepatient’sbraintakenbeforesurgery.Duringtheseproceduressurgeonsarewearing3Dglassesforabetterview.Andtheyarecommandingrobotsurgeonstocutawaytissuemore20thanhumansurgeonscan.Satavasays,“Weareinthemidstofafundamentalchangeinthefieldofmedicine.”话题5生态与自然Passage1A．appearancesB．imitatingC．distinguishD．isolateE.advantageousF.diverseG.identicalH.criterionI.markingsJ.poisonousK.threateningWhydifferentspeciesstartlookingexactlythesameIsitbettertostandoutfromthecrowdorbesimilartothebackground?Forbirds,theansweriscomplicated.Whilepeacocks(孔雀)showofftheirbrightlycoloredfeatherstoattractmatesandwardoffpredators(捕食者),otherbirdsfindit1tohidethemselvesbyimitatingthelooksofotherbirds.Groupsofbirdsflyingtogetheroftencomefromthesamespecies,makingithardto2onefromanother.However,somegroupsofbirdsincludingtwoormorespeciestakeonsimilar3,whichisanuncommonphenomenon.“Theyallsharerandomfeatures,likefeathersonheadoryellowbellies(腹部),whichmakesthemalmost4.Youcan’treallytellthemapartwithoutlookingattheir5.”saysScottRobinson,afamousscholar.Hisnewstudysuggests6anotherbird’sappearanceisnotacoincidence(巧合)butratheranevolutionarymethodtoincreasetheirchancesofsurvival.Lookinglikeabirdfromadominantspecieshelpsreduceattackfromothermembersandappearmore7topotentialpredators.“Inimitation,youoftenwanttolooklikesomethingbecausethere’sanadvantagetobeingthatotherthing.Youwantspeciestothinkyou’re8orlow-profitabletarget.”saysRebeccaKimball,aprofessorofbiology.“Ingroupingbirds,oneideaisthatthishasmoretodowithapredator’sabilityto9atarget.Whenthereareagroupofbirdsmovingaround,itmaybeeasierforpredatorstoidentifyanindividualthathasadistinctcolorpattern.”Whileitmaynotseemlikeitatfirst,imitatingotherbirdsishelpingtocreatemore10species.Notonlydobirdsimitatemorethanonespeciesastheygrowup,buttheirappearancevariesovertime.Passage2A．exported

B．dumping

C．equity

D．driven

E.bumping

F.share

G.unfounded

H.simply

I.projected

J.obsessed

K.supposedlyTakingaWrongTurnTheword“overcapacity”hasrecentlygainedattentionafterUSTreasurySecretaryJanetYellenclaimedthatChinahascaused“overcapacity”inthenewenergysector,includingelectricvehicles(EVs)andlithiumbatteries(锂电池).1put,“overcapacity”,inYellen’swords,referstoproducingtoomanygoods,whichcouldleadtoglobalpricedistortionsandaffectbusinessesandworkersinothercountries.However,thisviewpointis2andlacksevidence.Contrarytoconcernsabout“overcapacity”,globalproductioninthenewenergysectorisactuallyat“undercapacity”—productionisinsufficienttomeetdemand.DatafromtheInternationalEnergyAgencyshowedthatglobaldemandfornewenergyvehicles(NEVs)is3toreach45millionunitsby2030,4.5timesthe2022levels.TheideathatChinahas4newenergyproductsatlowpricesisalsoincorrect.ChineseNEVsaresoldathigherpricesoverseasthaninChina,anddespitethis,theirsalescontinuetogrowrapidly.EventheUSmagazineTheAtlanticadmitted,“Chineseelectricvehiclesarecheap,stylish,andhighquality…Instead,theWhiteHouseisgoingoutofitswaytokeepChineseEVsoutoftheUS.”Theseobservationsindicatethatthepricingandsalesofnewenergyproductsare5

byinternationalmarketsupplyanddemand,ratherthanbeingonlyaffectedbytheso-called“overcapacity”causedbyChina.Moreover,China’sover60percent6oftheglobalpowerbatterymarketcomesfromitsfocusontechnologicalinnovationandhigh-qualityproduction,notlow-cost7.“Thepurposeoftechnologicalinnovationhasneverbeentowidenglobaldifferences,”ZengYuqun,founderandCEOofCATL,aleadingcompanyinnewenergyinnovativetechnologies,told21stCenturyBusinessHerald.“ForChina’spowerbatteries,technologicalinnovationhas8progress;greendevelopmenthassustainedgrowth,andtechnological9isthegoal,”Zengadded.WhileChinafocusesoninnovationandquality,theUSis10witha“10