Unit1CulturalHeritageDiscoveringUsefulStructures预习学案-高中英语人教版

Discoveringusefulstructure预习学案高频词语1.entrancen.入口；进入【典例促记】◎WemetaprofessionalarchaeologistattheentrancetotheGreatPyramid.(P6)在大金字塔的入口处，我们遇到了一位专业的考古学家。◎Theymustproduceidentitycardsbeforetheycangainentrancetothehall.他们必须出示身份证才能进入大厅。◎EveryyearIenterforthegardenpetitiontoo,andIalwayswinalittleprizefortheworstgardeninthetown!每年的花园竞赛我也参加，而且总因是镇上最劣的花园而得一个小奖。【归纳拓展】theentranceto……的入口gainentranceto获得进入……的许可enterv.enterfor报名参加exitn.出口；通道vi.&vt.出去；离去（反义词）【名师点津】entrance常与介词to连用，有相同用法的词还有answer,key（钥匙，关键）,way,guide等。如：theanswer/keytotheexercise练习的答案thekeytothebike自行车的钥匙【即学即用】单句语法填空Guestshavefreeentrance______theswimmingpoolandthehealthclub.单句写作______（……的入口）themeetingroomhasalreadybeenclosed.(3)______（成功的关键）ishardcessn.过程；进程；步骤vt.处理；加工【典例促记】◎Heexplainedtoustheprocessofbuildingsuchadifficultstructure.(P6)他向我们解释了建造如此复杂结构的过程。◎Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.当这些生物死亡时，它们将碳埋在深海中，这是一个有助于调节全球气候的重要过程。◎Mostofthefoodwebuyisprocessedinsomeway.我们买的大部分食品都用某种方法加工过。◎Whenweentered,themeetingwasinprocess.当我们进入时，会议正在进行中。【归纳拓展】intheprocessof(doing)sth在（做某事的过程中，在进行某事的过程中）inprocess在进行中processvt.审核；处理；加工【即学即用】单句写作与学习母语相比，学习任何一门外语的过程都显得特别艰辛和漫长。paredwithlearningone'sownmothertongue,______seemstobeespeciallyhardandlong.对我来说，在过程中意味着一个过程正在走向结束。Tome,______impliesthataprocessisproceedingtoaconclusion.写出下列句中process的含义Asisknowntoall,educationisagradualprocess,andpeoplearegraduallyawareofitsimportance.Thiswasthefirststageoftheprintingprocess.(5)Itwilltakeaweekforyourapplicationtobeprocessed.单元语法图解语法一、定语从句的种类├─限制性定语从句└─非限制性定语从句二、定语从句的关系词├─关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose,as└─关系副词:when,where,why三、限制性定语从句的用法├─1.用that,不用which的情况├─2.用which,不用that的情况├─3.关系代词作动词的间接宾语├─4.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句├─5.定语从句中的主谓一致问题└─6.theway作先行词时的定语从句语法讲练限制性定语从句定语从句的种类根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，两者之间不用逗号分开；关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,as；关系副词有where,when,why。【典例呈现】◎Weknewthescientistwhohadstudiedtheproblem.我们了解那个研究过该问题的科学家。（若把从句去掉，则不明白是哪位科学家）◎MyfriendlentmethestorybookthatIwantedverymuchtoread.我朋友把那本我非常想看的故事书借给了我。◎TheschoolwhereIstudiedonlytwoyearswasthreekilometersaway.我仅仅在那里读了两年的学校有三公里远。◎YouknowthelittleItalianrestaurantwhichImentionedinmyletter?你知道我在信中提到的那家意大利小餐馆吗？非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句做些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外，其他都可以。【典例呈现】◎Weknewthephysicalscientist,Hawkins,whohadstudiedtheproblem.我们了解物理科学家霍金斯，他研究过该问题。（若把从句去掉，仍然知道是哪位科学家）◎Herfather,whohasalotofmoney,wisheshertostudyabroad.她父亲很有钱，希望她出国学习。【即学即用1】判断下面句中画线从句是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(1)Peoplewholiketotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.Hisdaughter,whoisstudyinginBostonnow,isinghomenextweek.Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolenlastnight.(4)I'veinvitedJimtohaveadinnertonight,wholivesinthenextflat.二、限制性定语从句的用法1.用that,不用which的情况只能用that的情况：（1）─先行词是不定代词something,everything,anything,nothing,none等或者先行词被不定代词修饰时（2）─先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或theonly,thevery（恰恰，正好）,thelast,all,no,few,little,any等修饰时（3）先行词既有人又有物时【典例呈现】◎Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?你有什么要为自己说的吗？◎ThisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgamesthatIhaveeverseen.这是我看过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。◎Thisistheonlythingthatwecandonow.这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。◎Thescientistandhisachievementsthatyoutoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就为我们所有人所钦佩。【即学即用2】单句语法填空Nowall______isurgentlyneededismoneyandhands.Onaregularday,studentsattheschoolsometimeseuptohimtosaythey'renotfeelingwellorothertimestotellhimaboutsomething______happenedatbreak.Thethirdplace______wearegoingtovisitisHangzhou.(4)Shedescribedinherpositionsthepeopleandplaces______impressedhermost.2.用which,不用that的情况只能用which的情况：（1）引导非限制性定语从句时（2）关系代词前面有介词时（3）关系代词后面带有插入语时（4）若两个定语从句中一个用了关系代词that，另一个宜用which【典例呈现】◎Theirhousewaswashedawaybythefloods,whichmadethemsad.他们的房子被洪水冲走了，这让他们很难过。◎Azooisaparkinwhichmanykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.动物园是展览各种动物的公园。◎Whensomeoneissayingsomethingwithwhichheagrees,theaverageEuropeanwillsmile.普通欧洲人在听到别人说他赞同的事情时，会微笑。【即学即用3】单句语法填空LastnightIsawafilm,______wasaboutthewildanimals.Creatinganatmosphere______employeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.(3)Itisatrulydelightfulplace,______looksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.3.关系代词作动词的间接宾语时，用to或for，无关系代词时，也要用to或for【典例呈现】◎Whoisthegirlthathegavetheflowerto?他把花送给的那个女孩是谁？◎TheladyIwrotethepoemforwasmysister.我为之写诗的那位女士是我妹妹。【即学即用4】单句语法填空Whoisthecleverteenthattheteacherofferedgreatadvice______yesterday?(2)Thecustomerthewaiterbroughtabowlofrice______isaworkerinthenearpany.4.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，先行词指人，关系代词用whom，不可以用who或that；先行词指物，关系代词用which，不能用that。正式英语中，介词可置于从句之首，whom或which之前。但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，限制性定语从句中的关系代词还可以省去，尤其在口语中。【典例呈现】◎Doyouknowthewomantowhomtheteacheristalking?→Doyouknowthewoman(that/who/whom)theteacheristalkingto?你认识正和老师谈话的那个妇女吗？◎Thisisthegreatwritertowhomourteacherisreferring.这是我们老师提到的那位伟大的作家。◎Heaskedaquestiontowhichtherewasnoanswer.他问了一个没有答案的问题。有些固定的动词短语在定语从句中作谓语时，该动词短语中的介词一般不放到关系代词前，常见的此类动词短语有lookfor,listento,lookafter,takecareof等。【典例呈现】◎Thisistheintelligentwatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.这是我要找的智能手表。◎Thelecturewhichthestudentsarelisteningtoisinteresting.学生们正在听的讲座很有趣。【即学即用5】单句语法填空Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy______wemayreturninthenearfuture.Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobs______theyarebeingtrained.Theyshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction______hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.Thenewtownishometonearly1,000people,many______lefttheirvillagesforabetterlifeinthecity.(5)Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeper______he'sonafirstnamebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction.5.定语从句中的主谓一致问题关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，便涉及主谓一致的问题。定语从句的谓语动词与其先行词在人称和数上要保持一致。因此，准确辨识先行词是解决这一问题的关键。【典例呈现】◎Tomisoneofthestudentswhowerelatethismorning.汤姆是今天早上迟到的那些学生中的一个。◎Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaslatethismorning.在这些学生中汤姆是今天早上唯一迟到的人。【即学即用6】单句语法填空Thepublicationof

GreatExpectations,which______(be)bothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised,strengthenedDickens'statusasaleadingnovelist.Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therestofwhich______(be)savedforotherpurposes.Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe'stheonlyoneofthewomenwho______(wear)eveningdress.theway作先行词且在定语从句中作状语时，可以用that和inwhich引导或是省略【典例呈现】◎Whatsurprisedmewas