专题选择性unit5重点单词词组重点句型讲练（寒假预习讲义）

专题11选择性必修第三册unit5重点单词+词组+重点句型讲练（寒假预习讲义）内容导航串知识·识框架：归纳核心考点&高考考点，有的放矢析教材·学知识：教材基础知识全梳理，重难点突破练习题·讲典例：即时巩固&综合提升专练串知识·识框架1.naturen.自然；性质；本性2.architecturen.建筑；建筑学；建筑风格3.inspirationn.灵感；鼓舞；启发4.benefitn.益处；好处v.有益于；受益5.animaln.动物；兽adj.动物的6.lessonn.课；教训；启示7.inspirev.激励；鼓舞；赋予灵感8.designn.设计；图案v.设计；筹划9.structuren.结构；构造v.组织；建造10.creativeadj.创造性的；有创造力的11.nonfiniteadj.非限定的12.formn.形式；形态v.形成；构成13.subjectn.主语；主题；学科14.objectn.宾语；物体；目标15.predicativen.表语adj.表语的16.infinitiven.不定式adj.不定式的17.gerundn.动名词18.participlen.分词19.advantagen.优势；有利条件20.profitn.利润；收益v.获利；有益于21.interestn.兴趣；利益v.使感兴趣22.curiousadj.好奇的；奇特的23.fascinatedadj.着迷的；被深深吸引的24.adaptv.适应；改编；调整25.survivev.幸存；存活；艰难度过26.ecosystemn.生态系统27.parev.比较；对比；与……类似28.contrastv./n.对比；对照29.essayn.散文；随笔；论说文30.metaphorn.隐喻；暗喻31.extendedadj.扩展的；延伸的32.speechn.演讲；讲话；言语33.topicn.话题；主题；标题34.presentv.呈现；展示；提出adj.现在的n.礼物35.explainv.解释；说明；阐明36.arguev.争论；辩论；主张37.balancen.平衡；均衡v.使平衡；权衡38.harmonyn.和谐；融洽；和声知识二知识二重点单词讲解1.inspiration◦词性：n.◦核心含义：灵感；启发◦常见搭配：drawinspirationfrom（从……汲取灵感）、asourceofinspiration（灵感的来源）◦例句：Manyarchitectsgetinspirationfromnature'sformsandstructures.◦派生词：inspire（v.赋予灵感；激励）、inspiring（adj.鼓舞人心的）2.benefitn./v.n./v.◦核心含义：n.益处v.有益于◦常见搭配：benefitfrom（从……受益）、beofbenefitto（对……有益）◦例句：Learningfromanimalsbringsmanybenefitstoourtechnologydevelopment.◦派生词：beneficial（adj.有益的）、beneficially（adv.有益地）3.inspire◦词性：v.◦核心含义：激励；赋予灵感◦常见搭配：inspiresbtodosth（激励某人做某事）、inspirecreativity（激发创造力）◦例句：Thebeautyofnatureinspiresartiststocreategreatworks.◦派生词：inspiration（n.灵感）、inspired（adj.受启发的）4.adapt◦词性：v.◦核心含义：适应；改编◦常见搭配：adaptto（适应）、adaptsthfor（为……改编某物）◦例句：Animalsadapttothechangingenvironmenttosurviveintheecosystem.◦派生词：adaptation（n.适应；改编）、adaptable（adj.适应性强的）5.pare◦词性：v.◦核心含义：比较；对比◦常见搭配：pareAwithB（把A和B作比较）、pareto（把……比作）◦例句：Wecanparenature'sdesignswithhumanarchitecturalworksinsomeways.◦派生词：parison（n.比较）、parative（adj.比较的）6.balancen./v.n./v.◦核心含义：n.平衡v.使平衡◦常见搭配：thebalanceofnature（生态平衡）、keepabalance（保持平衡）◦例句：Oneimportantlessonfromnatureistheimportanceofbalanceintheecosystem.◦派生词：balanced（adj.平衡的）、imbalance（n.不平衡）7.harmony◦词性：n.◦核心含义：和谐；融洽◦常见搭配：inharmonywith（与……和谐相处）、harmonybetweenhumansandnature（人与自然的和谐）◦例句：Natureteachesustoliveinharmonywiththeworldaroundus.◦派生词：harmonious（adj.和谐的）、harmonize（v.使和谐）8.creative◦词性：adj.◦核心含义：创造性的；有创造力的◦常见搭配：creativedesign（创意设计）、creativethinking（创造性思维）◦例句：Nature'sstructuresgivearchitectscreativeideasformodernbuildings.◦派生词：create（v.创造）、creativity（n.创造力）9.survive◦词性：v.◦核心含义：幸存；存活◦常见搭配：surviveinthewild（在野外生存）、survivefromgenerationtogeneration（代代相传）◦例句：Plantsandanimalsadapttonaturetosurviveinharshenvironments.◦派生词：survival（n.生存）、survivor（n.幸存者）10.metaphor◦词性：n.◦核心含义：隐喻；暗喻◦常见搭配：extendedmetaphor（扩展隐喻）、useametaphor（使用隐喻）◦例句：Thewriterusesthemetaphorofnatureasateacherintheessay.◦派生词：metaphorical（adj.隐喻的）、metaphorically（adv.隐喻地）知识三知识三核心词组1.learnfromnature向自然学习2.drawinspirationfrom从……汲取灵感3.modernarchitecture现代建筑4.nonfiniteform非限定形式5.bringbenefitsto给……带来益处6.beinterestedin对……感兴趣7.adapttotheenvironment适应环境8.pareAwithB把A和B作比较9.thebalanceofnature生态平衡10.extendedmetaphor扩展隐喻11.liveinharmonywith与……和谐相处12.makeaspeechon就……发表演讲13.insomeways在某些方面14.humandesigner人类设计师15.theimportanceofbalance平衡的重要性知识四知识四重点句型1.话题引入句型◦句型：Whatlessonscanwelearnfromnatureinourdailylife?from...?tlessonscanwelearnfrom...?用于开启自然主题的讨论，询问从某事物中能获得的启示，inourdailylife限定讨论范围。◦例句：Whatlessonscanwelearnfromanimalsaboutsurvival?2.自然与建筑关联句型◦句型：Naturehasprovidedendlessinspirationformodernarchitecture.◦讲解：providesthforsb/sth表示“为某人/某物提供某物”，此处用于说明自然对现代建筑的启发作用，endless强调灵感的丰富性。◦例句：Theshapeofbirdshasprovidedinspirationforthedesignofairplanes.3.非限定形式作主语句型◦句型：Tolearnfromnatureisimportantforhumandevelopment.◦讲解：动词不定式Tolearnfromnature作主语，表具体的动作；也可转换为Itisimportantforhumandevelopmenttolearnfromnature（it作形式主语），避免句子头重脚轻。◦例句：Toprotecttheecosystemisnecessaryforourfuture.4.益处表达句型◦句型：Learningfromanimalsbringsmanybenefitstoourtechnology.◦讲解：动名词Learningfromanimals作主语，谓语用单数；bringbenefitsto是表达“带来益处”的固定搭配，后接受益对象。◦例句：Studyingnature'sstructuresbringsbenefitstoengineeringdesign.5.比较句型◦句型：Natureismorecreativethananyhumandesignerinsomeways.more...than...more...than...是形容词比较级的基本结构，用于对比自然与人类设计师的创造力；insomeways限定比较的范围，使表述更严谨。◦例句：Bees'honeybsaremoreregularthananyhumanmadestructureinsomeways.6.隐喻表达句型◦句型：Natureisawiseteacherwhoneverstopsteachingus.◦讲解：这是扩展隐喻句，将nature比作awiseteacher，并用定语从句whoneverstopsteachingus补充说明，增强表达的生动性和深度。◦例句：Theoceanisagenerousmotherwhogivesusrichresources.7.演讲观点阐述句型◦句型：Natureteachesustoliveinharmonywiththeworldaroundus.◦讲解：teachsbtodosth表示“教某人做某事”，用于演讲中阐述自然给人类的启示，是表达观点的常用句式。◦例句：Mountainsteachustobestrongandunyieldinginthefaceofdifficulties.知识五知识五语法讲解：非限定形式（不定式、动名词、分词）作主语、宾语和表语非限定形式包括不定式（todo）、动名词（doing）和分词（doing/done），本单元重点学习其作主语、宾语和表语的用法。1.作主语•不定式作主语：表具体的、一次性的动作，常与it作形式主语连用。例句：Tostudynature'slawsismeaningful.=Itismeaningfultostudynature'slaws.•动名词作主语：表抽象的、习惯性的动作。例句：Observingnaturecarefullyhelpsusfindinspiration.2.作宾语•不定式作宾语：常跟在want,hope,decide,learn等动词后。例句：Wehopetolearnmorelessonsfromnature.•动名词作宾语：常跟在enjoy,finish,avoid,appreciate等动词后。例句：Architectsappreciategettinginspirationfromnaturalstructures.•特殊结构：it作形式宾语，真正宾语为不定式/动名词（常见于find,think,consider后）。例句：Wefinditimportanttoprotecttheecosystem.3.作表语•不定式作表语：说明主语的具体内容或将要发生的动作。例句：Ourgoalistoliveinharmonywithnature.•动名词作表语：说明主语的性质、内容，与主语可互换位置。例句：Oneofthegreatestpleasuresisexploringnature'ssecrets.•分词作表语：现在分词（doing）表主语的特征，过去分词（done）表主语的状态。例句：Theecosystemisfascinating.（fascinating表“生态系统令人着迷”）；Wearefascinatedbynature'sbeauty.（fascinated表“我们被自然之美吸引”）4.常见易错点•有些动词后接不定式和动名词意义不同：stoptodo（停下来去做另一件事）/stopdoing（停止做某事）；forgettodo（忘记去做）/forgetdoing（忘记做过）。例句：Hestoppedtowatchthebirdsinthetree.；Hestoppedpickingflowersinthepark.练习题·讲典例一、单词拼写题（10道）1.Manymodernbuildingsgettheiri_______fromtheshapesandstructuresinnature.2.Wecanlearnalotofl_______fromanimalsandplantsabouthowtoadapttotheenvironment.3.Thea_______ofthisfamousmuseumisaperfectbinationofnatureandmoderndesign.4.Studyingecosystemshelpsusunderstandhowdifferentspeciess_______inthewild.5.Theartistusedam_______todescribenatureasawiseteacherinherpoem.6.Learningfromnaturehasbroughtmanyb_______tothedevelopmentofnewtechnology.7.Shehasastrongi_______inhowbirds'wingsinspirethedesignofairplanes.8.It'samazinghowcreaturesinnaturea_______toextremeweatherconditionsquickly.9.Thearchitect'sd_______forthenewlibrarywasinspiredbythecurvesofariver.10.Weshouldliveinh_______withnatureinsteadofdestroyingitsbalance.答案：1.inspiration2.lessons3.architecture4.survive5.metaphor6.benefits7.interest8.adapt9.design10.harmony1.句意：许多现代建筑从自然界的形状和结构中获取灵感。结合首字母i和“fromtheshapesandstructuresinnature”的语境，填inspiration。2.句意：我们能从动植物身上学到很多关于如何适应环境的道理。结合首字母l和语境，填lessons。3.句意：这座著名博物馆的建筑风格是自然与现代设计的完美结合。结合首字母a和“modernbuildings”的语境，填architecture。4.句意：研究生态系统能帮助我们理解不同物种如何在野外生存。结合首字母s和语境，填survive。5.句意：这位艺术家在诗中用隐喻将自然描述为一位智慧的老师。结合首字母m和“describenatureasawiseteacher”的语境，填metaphor。6.句意：向自然学习为新技术的发展带来了诸多益处。many后接可数名词复数，填benefits。7.句意：她对鸟类翅膀如何启发飞机设计有着浓厚的兴趣。haveaninterestin为固定搭配，填interest。8.句意：自然界的生物能快速适应极端天气条件，这令人惊叹。adaptto为固定搭配，填adapt。9.句意：这位建筑师对新图书馆的设计灵感来源于河流的曲线。结合首字母d和语境，填design。10.句意：我们应该与自然和谐共处，而非破坏其平衡。inharmonywith为固定搭配，填harmony。二、单句语法填空题（10道）1._______(learn)fromnatureisessentialforhumandevelopment.2.Weappreciatenature_______(give)ussomuchinspirationformodernarchitecture.3.Hisdreamis_______(design)abuildingthatfullyintegrateswithnature.4._______(adapt)tothechangingenvironmentisabasicskillforalllivingthings.5.Sheisinterestedin_______(study)howanimalsinspiretechnologicalinventions.6.Thekeyto_______(survive)inthewildistounderstandtherulesofnature.7.It'simportant_______(keep)thebalanceoftheecosystemforourfuture.8._______(pare)naturewithhumandesignscanhelpusfindbettersolutions.9.Theydecided_______(make)aspeechabouttheimportanceoflearningfromnature.10.Thearchitectspentyears_______(research)howplantscaninspirebuildingstructures.答案：1.Learning2.giving3.todesign4.Adapting5.studying6.surviving7.tokeep8.paring9.tomake10.researching1.空格处作句子主语，用动名词形式，填Learning。2.appreciate后接动名词作宾语，填giving。3.空格处作表语，表达具体的梦想内容，用动词不定式，填todesign。4.空格处作句子主语，用动名词形式，填Adapting。5.beinterestedin后接动名词作宾语，填studying。6.thekeyto中to为介词，后接动名词作宾语，填surviving。7.It'simportanttodosth为固定句型，it作形式主语，真正主语为动词不定式，填tokeep。8.空格处作句子主语，用动名词形式，填paring。9.decide后接动词不定式作宾语，填tomake。10.spendtime(in)doingsth为固定搭配，填researching。三、完成句子题（10道）1.Naturehasprovided_______(无尽的灵感)formodernarchitecturedesigners.2._______(向自然学习)bringsmanybenefitstothedevelopmentoftechnology.3.Mybiggestinterestis_______(研究动物如何启发科技发明).4.It'snecessaryforus_______(保持生态系统的平衡)forfuturegenerations.5._______(这座建筑的设计)wasinspiredbytheshapeofalotusflower.6.Weshouldlearnto_______(与自然和谐共处)insteadofdamagingit.7._______(适应环境的变化)isavitalabilityforalllivingcreatures.8.Theartistused_______(一个扩展隐喻)toshownature'swisdominherwork.9._______(理解自然的法则)helpsussurvivebetterintheworld.10.Sheisfascinatedby_______(鸟类如何适应不同的气候条件).答案：1.endlessinspiration2.Learningfromnature3.tostudyhowanimalsinspiretechnologicalinventions4.tokeepthebalanceoftheecosystem5.Thedesignofthisbuilding6.liveinharmonywithnature7.Adaptingtochangesintheenvironment8.anextendedmetaphor9.Understandingtherulesofnature10.howbirdsadapttodifferentclimateconditions1.“无尽的灵感”译为endlessinspiration，inspiration为不可数名词，填endlessinspiration。2.空格处作句子主语，用动名词短语，填Learningfromnature。3.空格处作表语，用动词不定式短语，“科技发明”译为technologicalinventions，填tostudyhowanimalsinspiretechnologicalinventions。4.It'snecessaryforsbtodosth为固定句型，“生态系统的平衡”译为thebalanceoftheecosystem，填tokeepthebalanceoftheecosystem。5.“这座建筑的设计”译为Thedesignofthisbuilding，填Thedesignofthisbuilding。6.learnto后接动词原形，“与自然和谐共处”译为liveinharmonywithnature，填liveinharmonywithnature。7.空格处作句子主语，用动名词短语，“环境的变化”译为changesintheenvironment，填Adaptingtochangesintheenvironment。8.“扩展隐喻”译为extendedmetaphor，填anextendedmetaphor。9.空格处作句子主语，用动名词短语，“自然的法则”译为therulesofnature，填Understandingtherulesofnature。10.空格处作介词by的宾语，用宾语从句，“气候条件”译为climateconditions，填howbirdsadapttodifferentclimateconditions。四、翻译句子题（10道）1.自然为现代建筑设计提供了无穷的灵感。2.向动物学习为科技发展带来了许多好处。3.保持生态系统的平衡对人类的未来至关重要。4.这位建筑师的设计灵感来源于自然界的植物形态。5.我对自然如何启发艺术创作有着浓厚的兴趣。6.适应环境的变化是所有生物生存的关键。7.用隐喻描述自然是许多作家常用的写作手法。8.我们应该学会与自然和谐共处，而非掠夺其资源。9.研究生态系统能帮助我们理解自然的运行规律。10.自然就像一位永不停止教学的智慧老师。答案：1.Naturehasprovidedendlessinspirationformodernarchitecturaldesign.2.Learningfromanimalsbringsmanybenefitstothedevelopmentoftechnology.3.Keepingthebalanceof