2026届甘肃省兰州市第一中学英语高三第一学期期末预测试题含解析

2026届甘肃省兰州市第一中学英语高三第一学期期末预测试题请考生注意：1．请用2B铅笔将选择题答案涂填在答题纸相应位置上，请用0．5毫米及以上黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将主观题的答案写在答题纸相应的答题区内。写在试题卷、草稿纸上均无效。2．答题前，认真阅读答题纸上的《注意事项》，按规定答题。第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．IwishI________herthenewsandthenshewouldn’tbeworriednow.A．don’ttell B．didn’ttellC．haven’ttold D．hadn’ttold2．Youcanusethisroomforyourclubactivitiestomorrow______youkeepittidyandclean.A．forfearthat B．incaseC．onconditionthat D．evenif3．Amythisanaccountofthedeedsofagodorsupernaturalbeings,usuallyexpressedintermsof______thought.A．primary B．capital C．initial D．primitive4．—Whataboutaskingthesenewgraduatestotakeonthetask?—Imafraidnot．Whiletheyareenergeticandambitious,_____ofthemseemstobesuitableforthisdemandingjob．A．noone B．everyone C．none D．few5．Lonelinessisafeeling_______peopleexperienceapowerfulrushofemptinessandsolitude.A．which B．where C．that D．how6．EgyptianPresidentdecidedto______onFridayafternoonafteran18-daycampaignagainsthim,endinghisthirty-yearrule.A．stepdown B．breakin C．breakdown D．stepin7．Haveyouheardthattheyareworkingaroundtheclocktocompetefortheprize?Don’tworry.Wearereadytothechallenge.A．buildup B．takeupC．stickto D．leadto8．Canthose___________atthebackoftheclassroomhearme?Noproblem.A．seat B．sitC．seated D．sat9．Howcome?Ican’tfindmykey.Ijustleftit________ithadbeen.A．where B．whichC．when D．how10．Thehealthofgardenplantsdependsonthesoil_____--theproperbalanceofmineralpieces,organicmatter,airandwater.A．constructionB．conservationC．corporationD．composition.11．—Whatanamazingpicture!—Thelittleboy____thesoldiers,andIcaughttheminanunguardedmoment.A．wassaluting B．saluted C．hadsaluted D．wouldsalute12．IthinkTomwillmakeagoodmonitor,________I’dliketovoteforhim.A．butB．forC．orD．so13．Itreallymatters_______hetreatedthelatestfailure,fortheexaminationisaroundthecorner.A．if B．thatC．why D．how14．Repairsofhistoricbuildingshavetobe_____theoriginalstructure.A．insympathywithB．insearchofC．inresponsetoD．incontrastto15．_____whattheysayaboutme,I’mgoingtocontinuemywork.A．Intermsof B．RegardlessofC．Insteadof D．Infavorof16．—Hello,Paul,doyouliketojoinusinplayingfootball?Weneedonemorepersonto____ateam.—Yes,I’dliketo.A．pickup B．pickout C．makeup D．makeout17．“Couldweputoffthemeeting？”sheasked.“________.”Heansweredpolitely.“Thisistheonlydayeveryoneisavailable.”A．Notlikely B．NotexactlyC．Notnearly D．Notreally18．Thedifferencesthechildren’sachievementscannotbecompletelyexplained________theirsocialbackgrounds.A．infrontof B．incaseofC．inneedof D．inchargeof19．Wherewasit______theroadaccidenthappenedtheotherday?A．that B．whenC．how D．which20．Themapletreesturnabrilliantredinautumn,addinganothertothecolorsintheharvestseason.A．theme B．versionC．category D．dimension第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21．（6分）TodaytheNobelPrizeinLiteratureawardedjournalistSvetlanaAlexievichapproximately$970,000inrecognitionofalifetimeofexcellence.The67-year-oldauthorofVoicesFromChernobylandWar'sUnwomanlyFacewaspraisedbytheSwedishAcademy“forherpolyphonic(复调式的)writings,amonumenttosufferingandcourageinourtime.”PrizesliketheNobelinspiremuchexpectationsbeforetheannouncement.Peoplegivetheirbestguessesastowhowillwin,lookbackonpastwinners,andevenplacebetsasifspectatorsataDerby(赛马会).Literaryprizesrewardartisticbrilliance.Theyhelpwritersearnadecentliving.Butisthepublic’sfascinationwithprize-winningauthorshealthy?Ourimpulseseemstoincreasinglycontributetoacultureofturningauthorsintocelebrities,wherereadersfollowtheauthorinsteadofthebook.Astoryshouldstandonitsown,asaconsidered,completebook,withoutbiographicalinformationfromauthor.It’sanideaperhapsbestconveyedinRolandBarthes’s1968essayTheDeathoftheAuthor.“Theimageofliteraturetobefoundincontemporarycultureisarbitrarilycenteredontheauthor,hisperson,hishistory,histastes,hispassions.”Nearly50yearslater,afewstillagree.“Ibelievethatbooks,oncetheyarewritten,havenoneedoftheirauthors,”NewYorkTimesbestsellingauthorElenaFerranteoncewrote.“Ifbookshavesomethingtosay,theywillsoonerorlaterfindreaders;ifnot,theywon’t,”shecontinued.“Truemiraclesaretheoneswhosemakerswillneverbeknown.”①ButtherulesforsubmissionfortheManBookerInternationalPrize,forexample,stronglyencourageauthorsto“makethemselvesavailableforpublicity”.AndthefoundationbehindtheNationalBookAwardrequiresfinaliststoparticipateintheir“website-relatedpublicity”.②In2007,areporterwhoshowedupuninvitedatDorisLessing’shousewasthefirsttoinformherthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature.TodaytheTwitteraticameknockingonAlexievich’sdigitaldoorhourbeforetheawardwasevenofficial.Tobeconsideredforaprizeistobeapublicfigure.③HarryPotterseriesauthorJ.K.Rowling,withover5.6millionTwitterfollowers,hasactivelyaddressedreadersthroughpublicappearancesandsocialmedia,revealingmuchmorethanwecouldhaveimaginedwhenweclosedthefinalHarryPotterbook.WenowknowthehouseHarry'schildrenwillbesortedinto,thatDumbledoreisgay,“Voldemort”isactuallypronouncedwithasilent“t”,andawholehostoftheotherminorandmajordetailsaboutthebackstoryofthecharacters.ThemagicalworldRowlingcreatedinherbooks—arelativelytightmysterywithwell-laidcluesthatledtoasatisfyingconclusion,whichhadtoprovetheirmeritstothereaderbasedonaninternallogic—isbeingunraveledbyherownhand.④Ofcourse,publicattentionalsohasveryimportantbenefitsforauthors.Forthreemonthsafterreceivingthe2011PulitzerPrizeinfiction,JenniferEgan’sAVisitfromtheGoonSquadsoldabouttripleitsprintsalesfrombeforetheprize,PublishersWeeklyreports.OnOct.5,2010,inthefirstFT/OppenheimerFundsEmergingVoicesAwards,asNigerian-bornChigozieObiomaacceptedtheprizeforfictionwithaneasysmile,hisexcitementwasappreciable.Giventhecashprizeof$40,000foreachwinner,it’shardtodownplaytheimportanceofsuchanhonor.Suchawardsbringnecessaryvisibilityandfundingtowritersfacingaliterarylandscapedominatedbywhitemen.Butourcultureofcelebrityisoftentoowrappedupinthewayweread:Howmightthemeaningofaworkchangeiftheauthorreallydidn’tgrowupinapoorneighborhood,orifheorshewasabusedinchildhood?Readersstudiedtheauthor’slifeasifitwerethekeytointerpretinghisorhernovels.Behindourfascinationisthequestionthatdrivesallsuchquestions:Whatdidtheauthorintend?Byallmeans,letuspraisebrilliantworkandindoingsotrustthattheauthorhasalreadytoldusenough,andthatthestoryheorshemeanttotellendedwiththefinalpage.1、Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．PeoplewaitfortheNobelPrizeannouncementcalmlyandpatiently.B．RolandBarthesthinksitnecessarytoreadliteraturecenteredonauthors.C．ElenaFerranteholdsthatbooksshouldbereadindependentlyofauthors'life.D．TheManBookerInternationalPrizediscouragesauthorsfrompublicity.2、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unraveled”inParagraph9probablymean?A．Underlined. B．Unfolded. C．Updated. D．United.3、WhichofthefollowingisNOTthebenefitofprizewinningforauthors?A．Itrevealsmoredetailsaboutthecharactersinthebook.B．Itdramaticallyincreasesthesalesofthebook.C．Itbringsinnecessaryfundingtoauthors.D．Itbringsaboutchangesindominanceinliterarylandscape.4、Wherecanthesentence“Someauthorssatisfy,evenencouragetheirfans.”bebestputinthepassage?A．① B．② C．③ D．④5、Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsourfascinationwithprize-winningauthors?A．Approval. B．Critical. C．Indifferent. D．Neutral.6、Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Tobeawardedaprizeistobeapublicfigure.B．Publicfascinationwithauthorsbringsbenefits.C．Turningauthorsintocelebritiesisabadculture.D．Therearebigchallengesforprize-winningauthors.22．（8分）BarcelonaCicloTour,1ofthe10bestbiketoursintheworld!Gaudi,theancientstreetsofthegothicquarter,themulti-culturaldistrictofElRaval.thebeachesandmodernismbuildings,bybike!TheDailyBarcelonaBikeTourThebestwaytoseeBarcelonaisbybike!EnjoyBarcelona’smostpopularsightsincluding:theworksofGaudiincludingtheSagradaFamilia,theGothicQuarter,theCathedralandRomanCitywalls,PareCiutadella,thebeachesandmuchmore,allinarelaxingtourwith17stops.InEnglish,ourtrainedguidestellthefascinatingtruthandstoriesbehindBarcelona’smostfamousbuildingsandmanyhiddensecrets.Nopreviousreservationneeded.JustcomealongtoexperiencetherealBarcelonaasyoudiscoverthewholecitybybike.Thingspreparedforyou●1bikeperperson●3.5-hourtourwithguide●Afreebottleofwater●Afreedrinkatabeachcafé●Ahandlebar-bagforpersonalbelongings●FreehelmetsandchildseatsavailableonrequestWhatdoyouneedtobring?Aslittleaspossible:comfortableclothes,somemoneyandacamera.Wecanalsostoreyourbackpacksafelyinalocker.Tourtimes●11:00amMorningTourEverydayoftheyearexceptDecember25andJanuary1.●4:30pmAfternoonTourEverydayfromApril15toOctober31.●7:30pmNightTourEveryThursday,Friday,SaturdayandSundayfromJuneItoSeptember30andeveryFridayandSaturdayinOctober.DeparturepointPlacaCatalunya,atthedoorofHardRockCaféWatchforourguidesintheirCicloTourT-shirts.Pleasearrive10minutesbeforedeparturetime.ContactusIfyouarecomingtoBarcelona,donothesitatetocontactusforaquote,Wewouldbehappytoprepareabiketourforyou.Tel:+349331719701、Accordingtothetext,whichisincludedinthebiketour?A．ASpanish-speakingtourguide.B．Afreemealinalocalrestaurant.C．Freeadmissionto17popularsights.D．Afreebagforpersonaluse.2、IfyoutraveltoBarcelonaduringtheSpringFestival,whichtourcanyouchoose?A．The11:00amMorningTour.B．The4:30pmAfternoonTour.C．The7:30pmNightTour.D．Noneoftheabove.3、Tojoininthebiketour,whatdoyouneedtodo?A．Buyahelmetandbringabottleofwater.B．Payforthetouratleastonedayinadvance.C．Cometothedeparturepoint10minutesearly.D．GetaT-shirtfromthetourguidewhenyouarrive.4、Whatisthetextintendedas?A．Atraveltip. B．Atourad.C．Atraveljournal. D．Atourschedule.23．（8分）Mycollegeexperienceincludedthislife-skilllesson:Drinkalcoholonafullstomach.Oryouwillgetinebriatedtooquickly.Ofcourse,mostcollegestudentsshouldn’tbedrinkingatall,butweknowfromtheNationalInstituteonAlcoholAbuseandAlcoholismthatcloseto60percentofcollegestudentsaged18to22doconsumealcohol,whichmakesharm-reducingapproachesimportant.Unfortunately,campusauthoritiesandresearchersarereportingapracticethatturnsthefull-stomachdrinkingstrategyonitshead:ratherthanfillingupbeforeanightofpartying,significantnumbersofstudentsrefusetoeatalldaybeforeconsumingalcohol.Thisisahigh-riskbehaviorcalled“drunkorexia,”whichisoneparteatingdisorder,onepartalcoholism—averydangerouscombinationforcollege-agestudents.Thetermdrunkorexia,whichcanalsoincludeexcessiveexerciseorpurgingbeforeconsumingalcohol,wascoinedabout10yearsago,anditstartedshowingupinmedicalresearcharound2012.Drunkorexiaaddressestheneedtobethelifeofthepartywhilestayingextremelythin,pointingtoaflawedmind-setaboutbodyimageandalcoholismamongcollegestudents,mostlywomen.Imaginethisscenario:Afemalecollegefreshmandoesn’teatanythingallday,exercisesonanemptystomach,thendownsfiveshotsoftequilainlessthantwohours.Becausethere’snofoodinhersystemtohelpslowtheabsorptionofalcohol,thoseshotsaffectherrapidly,leadingtoinebriationandpossiblypassingout,vomitingorsufferingalcoholpoisoning.That’sdrunkorexia.TavisGlassman,professorofhealtheducationandpublichealthattheUniversityofToledoinOhio,researchesdrunkorexiaandworriesaboutscenariossuchastheonedescribedabove:“Withnothinginhersystem,alcoholhitsquickly,andthatbringsupthesameissuesaswithanyhigh-riskdrinking:gettinghomesafely,sexualassault,unintentionalinjury,fights,hangoversthataffectclassattendanceandgrades,andpossiblyendingupinemergencybecausethealcoholhitssohard,”hesays.“Alcoholcannegativelyaffecttheliverorgastrointestinalsystem,itcaninterferewithsleep,lowertheimmunesystemandislinkedtoseveraltypesofcancers,”Hultinsays.1、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inebriated”inparagraph1mean?A．excited B．overwhelmed C．addicted D．drunk2、Wecaninferfromthepassagethat____________.A．alargenumberofcollegestudentsspendmostoftheirnightspartyingB．somecollegestudentsrefusetoeatbeforedrinkingalcoholtokeepslimC．ThereisadirectlinkbetweenbodyimageandconsumingalcoholD．femalecollegestudentismorelikelytobehurtifshedrinksalcohol3、WhichofthefollowingmayTavisGlassmanagreewith?A．Withmorefoodinone’ssystem,hemaysufferfromtheeffectsofalcoholslowly.B．Drinkingfiveshotsoftequilainlessthantwohoursistheperformanceofdrunkorexia.C．Thosewhodon’tattendclassesandhavelowergradestendtobeaddictedtoalcohol.D．Alcoholhasnegativeeffectsontheimmunesystemandmayleadtoseveralcancers.24．（8分）Youknowhowmuchyourtelephonehaschangedoverthepast10years?Yourcarwillchangeevenmorethanthatinthenext10years.Oneofthebigchangesisthatcarswilldrivethemselves.Somedayyoumaynotneedtodriveacar.Youwilljusttellthecarwhereyouwanttogoanditwilldriveitself.“Wedefinitelyhavethetechnologyforitnow,”saysAndrewPoliakofautomotivetechnologysupplierQNX.“Weexpectself-drivingcarstobeamainstreamthingbetween2020and2025.”TheAmericancompanyGooglehasbeenworkingonaself-drivingautomobileforyears.ThesecarsarealreadyontheroadsintheUnitedStates,mainlyinCalifornia.Googlecarsaretrulyself-driving.Thesecarshavenosteeringwheels(方向盘）orpedals.Lastweek,policeorderedoneofGoogle’scarstostopfordrivingtooslowlyonapublicroad.Thecarwasnotdisobeyinganylaw,sonoonewaspunished.Butpolicedidspeakwiththeoperatorsofthevehicle.AccordingtoGoogle,itsself-drivingcarshavebeendrivennearly2millionkilometers.Thatisequaltothedistancetheaveragepersondrivesin90years.Sofar,noGoogleself-drivingcarhasgottenatrafficticket.Someofthemhavebeeninaccidentswhenothercarshitthem.Othercompaniesareworkingonself-drivingcars.Mercedes-Benz,Audi,BMW,VolvoandToyotaallhaveplansforsuchvehicles.AcompanycalledBestMileplanstooperateselfdrivingbusesinSwitzerlandnextspring.Thebuseswillholduptoninepeopleandwillbetestedfortwoyears.Mercedes-Benzisdevelopinglargeself-drivingtrucksforlongtrips.Thesetrucksusedriverstocontrolthem.1、WhatAndrewPoliaksaidsuggeststhat.A．hetakesprideintheirtechnologyonself-drivingcarsB．heiseagertoselltheirtechnologyonself-drivingcarsC．heisoptimisticaboutthedevelopmentofself-drivingcarsD．hefeelssurepeoplewillsoonhavethetechnologyforself-drivingcars2、WhydidthepoliceorderoneofGoogle’scarstostoplastweek?A．Becauseitsspeedwastoolow.B．Becauseitdisobeyedlocallaws.C．Becausetheoperatorsbehavedbadly.D．Becausethereexistedtechnologicalproblems.3、WhatcausedsomeofGoogle’sself-drivingcarstohaveaccidents?A．Lackofexperience. B．Highspeed.C．Othercars’faults. D．Toomuchtraffic.4、Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Self-drivingCarsB．HowtoDevelopSelf-drivingCarsC．TheAdvantagesofSelf-drivingCarsD．OwningASelf-drivingCarIsFashionable25．（10分）Microsofthasdevelopedanewsmartphoneappthatinterpretseyesignalsandtranslatesthemintoletters,allowingpeoplewithmotorneuronediseasetocommunicatewithothersfromaphone.TheGazeSpeakappcombinesasmartphone’scamerawithartificialintelligencetorecognizeeyemovementsinrealtimeandconvertthemintoletters,wordsandsentences.ForpeoplesufferingfromALS（渐冻症）,alsoknownasmotorneuronedisease,eyemovementcanbetheonlywaytheyareabletocommunicate.“Currenteye-trackinginputsystemsforpeoplewithALSorothermotorimpairmentsareexpensive,notrobustundersunlight,andinconvenienttooperateandcarry,”saidXiaoyiZhang,aresearcheratMicrosoftwhodevelopedthetechnology.“Toovercomethedrawbacks,wecreatedGazeSpeak,whichisdesignedtobelow-cost,robust,portableandeasytolearn.”Theappisusedbythelistenerbypointinghissmartphoneatthespeaker.Achartthatcanbestucktothebackofthesmartphoneisthenusedbythespeakertodeterminewhicheyemovementstomakeinordertocommunicate.Thestickershowsfourgridsofletters,whicheachcorrespondstoadifferenteyemovement.Bylookingup,down,leftorright,thespeakerselectswhichgridstheletterstheywantbelongto.Theartificialintelligencesystemisthenabletopredictthewordorsentencetheyaretryingtosay.Zhang’sresearch,Smartphone-BasedGazeGestureCommunicationforPeoplewithMotorDisabilities,issettobepresentedattheConferenceonHumanFactorsinComputingSystemsinMay.1、What’sthemajorfunctionofParagraph1?A．Toarousethereader’sconcern.B．Tosummarizethewholepassage.C．TostatehowGazeSpeakappworks.D．Tointroducethetopicofthepassage.2、TheGazeSpeakappisdesignedto.A．converteyemovementsintoletters,wordsandsentencesB．helpALSsuffererscommunicatewithothersC．useartificialintelligencetocontrolacameraD．beusedbythepeoplewhotalkwithALSsufferers3、TheGazeSpeakappisaneye-trackinginputsystemwhichis.A．expensiveB．inconvenientC．notrobustD．Portable4、Theartificialintelligencesystemisabletopredictthewordsby.A．selectingtherightlettersthrougheyemovementsB．pointingsmartphoneatthespeakerC．stickingacharttothesmartphoneD．showingfourgridsofletterstothelisteners第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26．（30分）“Foureleven-year-oldboys,Wow!”Standingsleepilyinthestore'sentrance,I1thisstrangesight.MydadhadjustdroppedmeofftoshopforChristmas2butmybrotherandhisfriendshadamorenoble3forshopping.“DoyouthinkCaitlinwilllikethis?"oneoftheboysasked.Andmybrother,lookingrather4,wasstandinginfrontofashelfofsocks."Okay.Thepinkonewouldbeagoodidea,”I5.Hepickeduponeandpresentedittomefor6.Theyusedupalltheir7someofwhichtheyhadsavedupoverthecourseoftheyearforChristmasgifts.But,theyhadall8tospenditonCaitlin.JustninedaysbeforeChristmas,Caitlin'shousehadbeen9tothegroundBy10Caitlinandherparentshadallescaped.11,everythinginthehousewasengulfed(吞噬)inflames,includingtheChristmaspresents12tobewrapped(包装).Theschoolwas13theirbooksanduniforms,Andallthe14inCaitlin'sclassweretakinghershoppingforclotheswhiletheboyswereshoppingforthingslikescarvesandsocks.Whenwegothome,mybrotherbroughteverythinghehad15forCaitlintomyroomtomakesureIthoughtshe'dlikeeverythingonelasttime.“Ithinkshe'llloveeverything,"Isaid,and16him,eventhoughhetriedtopushmeaway.Iwasso17ofhimatthatmomentHe18allhissavingsforanewskateboard19forafriendwhoneededaChristmaspresentmorethanhedid.Hehad,throughthisactofapureheart,capturedthetrue20ofChristmas."1、A．exchanged B．observed C．repeated D．shared2、A．dreams B．wishes C．gifts D．secrets3、A．holiday B．reason C．discovery D．problem4、A．ashamed B．confused C．scared D．relieved5、A．warmed B．agreed C．doubted D．advised6、A．approval B．relax C．change D．pity7、A．energy B．time C．money D．patience8、A．decided B．regretted C．failed D．happened9、A．burned B．fallen C．moved D．exposed10、A．nature B．hand C．mistake D．chance11、A．Otherwise B．Instead C．However D．Therefore12、A．waiting B．pretend C．turning D．proving13、A．designing B．choosing C．studying D．replacing14、A．friends B．girls C．colleagues D．parents15、A．bowed B．accept C．purchase D．earned16、A．hugged B．criticized C．teased D．saved17、A．tired B．proud C．careful D．aware18、A．lookedup B．turnedup C．gaveup D．madeup19、A．nervously B．fortunately C．angrily D．selflessly20、A．fact B．opinion C．skill D．spirit第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27．（15分）JohnnyCarsonbeganhiscareerintelevisioninhis1．(twenty).FirstheworkedatlocalstationsinNebraska.Severalyears2．(late),hemovedtoLosAngeles,California.Itwas“TheTonightShow”3．madeJohnnyCarsonfamousforthirtyyears.Hebecame4．mostpopularstarofAmericantelevision.He5．(call)“thekingoflatenight”.Critics(评论家)saidAmericansfromallpartsofthecountrylikedhimand6．(feel)theyknewhim.Hedidnottakehisfame7．(serious).Carson’sspecialskillwashissenseofhumor.Audienceslaughedathisjokes8．hemadeatthebeginningofhisshow.However,sometimestheylaughedeven9．(hard)atthejokesthatfailed.Hewasthemostpowerfulperformerontelevision.Manycomediansandsingersbecamesuccessfulafter10．(appear)on“TheTonightShow”.第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）28．（10分）短文改错（10分） 下面短文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。 Manystudentsfeelitthatapopularteachermustbekindandeasy-going．Heandsheshouldmaketheclassve