Unit4FriendsforeverUsinglanguage语法定语从句课件高中英语外研版

TheEntireLifeoftheFirstEmperorAttributiveClausesQinShihuangwasborninHandan.Hesucceededhisfather’scareerattheageof13.QinShihuangwhowasborninHandansucceededhisfather’scareerattheageof13.Antecedent(先行词)Relativewords(引导词)AttributiveClauses定语从句Arelativeclauseisanadjectiveclausethatoftenmodifyanounorpronoun。用来修饰名词或者代词的句子AttributiveClausesQinShihuangwhowasborninHandansucceededhisfather’scareerattheageof13.QinShihuang，

whowasborninHandan，succeededhisfather’scareerattheageof13.限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开用逗号“，”与主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上译成先行词的定语：“…的”通常译成主句的并列句关系词的使用上1.作宾语时可省略1.不可省略2.可用that2.不用that3.可用who代替whom3.不可用who代替whomRelativePronounQinShihuangwhowasborninHandansucceededhisfather’scareerattheageof13.Antecedent(先行词)Relativewords(引导词)AttributiveClauses定语从句1.Inhisearyage,ZhaoStateprisonedhisfatherwhomQinStatesentthereasahostage(人质).2.QinDynastywhosemilitarystrengthwaspowerfulsucceededinunifyingothersixcountries.3.Asweknow,QinShiHuangwasthefirstpoliticalfigureinChinesehistorywhoachievedgreatunion.4.HislifestoryisrelatedtothefoundationanddevelopmentoftheQinwhich/thathavehadabigimpactonthehistoryofChinaandevenEastAsia.RelativePronoun关系代词:whowhomwhosethatwhichasRelativePronoun关系代词:whowhomwhosethatwhichas先行词是人先行词是物先行词可是物也可是人RelativePronounBornandgrowth

6.Heendedthesituationofdividedrulebykings_______________hewantedtouniteandfoundedthefirstunitedcentralizedstate_________namewastheQinDynastyinChinesehistory.1.QinShiHuang____________wasborninHandanwasthesonofKingZhuangxiangofQinandZhaoJi.2.He_________fatherwasahostageinZhaoStatelivedinZhaoStateinhisearlyyearsandexperiencedmanyupsanddowns.3.Later,hereturnedtoQinState___________washismotherland.4.Hebegantounifythesixkingdoms__________existedatthattime.5._____isexpected,HesuccessfullydestroyedthesixkingdomsofHan,Zhao,Wei,Chu,Yan,andQi.who/thatwhosewhich/thatwhich/thatAswhom/that/whowhose关系代词指代什么做什么成分是否可省略whowhomwhosethatwhichas人主语/宾语作宾语可省人宾语作宾语可省作宾语可省人/物定语人/物主语/宾语不可省物主语/宾语作宾语可省指代整句内容补语（正如）不可省RelativePronoun1.______ismentionedabove,QinShiHuangwasagreatking.2.Wealwayspraiseforhissuccess,________madeusbeaffectedbyhim.

Aswhich1.AsIremember,QinShiHuangwasansignificantfigureinthehistory.2.QinDynastyinChinesehistorywasagreatone,asisknowntous.as正如，引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明，可位于句首，也可句中，which

引导非限制性定语从句，指代前句的内容，在句中as的用法①_______heexpected,hismotherland

wassosimpleafterreturning.②Heisnotthesameboy_____hewasinZhaoState.

③Hecarriedoutaseriesoflaws,_____wasbasedonhisability.④____isoftenthecase,heisreviewedbythehistorians.whichAsAsasasweknowasIexpectedashementionedastheyplannedthesame...asasisknowntousasisexpectedasismentionedaboveasisplannedasisoftenthecaseAchievements1.QinShihuangfoundedtheKingsystemandcalledhimself"thefirstemperor"______carriedoutaseriesofinnovations.2.Healsofoundedthreeofficersandninedepartments______madethecentralgovernmentmorecentralizedandeffective.3.Inaddition,QinShihuangalsodeliveredthebestwritingstyle_____looksbeautifultoday.4.Heunifiedallthemoney,weightsandmeasures_______wereinamessinthepast.5.Hewastheonlyperson________builttheGreatWallandotherprojectsatthattime.6.Hedideverything_______couldstrengthenborderdefenseandinlandtransportation.使用that的情况：①序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时②先行词被

all,theonly,thevery修饰时。③everything,nothing,anything,those作先行词时④当先行词同时指人和物时⑤主句已有who或which时thatthatthatthatthatthat只用that的情况1.Hedeliveredaseriesoflaws,________setupgreatpunishmentsoncriminals.2.Burningbooksandburyingscholarswasanmisadventure,in_________eventmanybookswereburnt,mostof_____werevaluableandscholarssoiled,mostof______wereinnocent(无辜的).4.HesentXuFu,______washisminister,toseatofindmedicineforlonglife.5.QinShihuang,___________hispeoplehated,eventuallyfailedtoescapethenaturallawofbirth,aging,illnessanddeath.6.QinShihuang,thedeathof_______wasaccidentalduringhisfiftheasterntour,providedasolidbaseforthelaterdynasties.whichwhich只用which/whom/who的情况whichwhomwhowho/whomwhomwhosedeath只用which/whom/who的情况：①非限制性定语从句只用which/who/whom②介词+which/whom③先行词those指人时，只能用who1.HewhosefatherwasahostageinZhaoStatelivedinZhaoStateinhisearlyyearsandexperiencedmanyupsanddowns.2.QinDynastywhosemilitarystrengthwaspowerfulsucceededinunifyingothersixcountries.thefatherofwhomthemilitarystrengthofwhichwhose+n.=then.ofwhich/whomRelativeAdverbQinShihuang

wasborninHandanwherehisfatherwasprisoned.Antecedent(先行词)Relativewords(引导词)AttributiveClauses定语从句1.Afterhesucceededhisfather’scareer,hefacedatimewhenallthestatesweredivided.2.WeoftentalkaboutthereasonwhyQinDynastycametoanend.RelativeAdverb关系副词:wherewhenwhy关系副词先行词在从句中的成分when时间时间状语where地点地点状语whyreason原因状语RelativeAdverb1.QinShihuangwasborninHandanwherehisfatherwasprisoned.2.Afterhesucceededhisfather’scareer,hefacedatimewhenallthestatesweredivided.3.Weoftentalkaboutthereasonwhy

QinDynastycametoanend.inwhichinwhichforwhich关系副词相当于where介词+whichwhen介词+whichwhyfor+which1.Istillremembertheday______IfirstreadthebookaboutQinShiHuang.2.Canyoutellmetheplace________QinShiHuangdied.3.Idon'tknowthereason______QinShiHuangwantedtolivelong.4.DoyouknowaboutQinShiHuang_______parentswereeducated?whenwherewhywhose=onwhich=inwhichsituation,position,condition,stage,point=forwhich=theparentsofwhom5.QinShiHuanglivedaroom_______windowwasbrokeninhisearlyage.=thewindowofwhichwhoseImpact定语从句的主谓一致1.QinShiHuang’sinfluencewhichisfar-reachingandlastingisknowntousChinese.2.IlovethestorieswhichareaboutQinShiHuang定语从句的单复数与先行词保持一致3.TheGreatWallandotherprojectswhich_______________(build)arestillChina’sculturalheritageandplacesofinterest.4.However,QinShiHuangcarriedoutthemostseriouslawthat_______(leave)alessonforfuturegenerationssofar.werebuilthasleftSummarySummary&ExerciseQinShiHuang____________wasborninHandanwasthesonofKingZhuangxiangofQinandZhaoJi.He_________fatherwasahostageinZhaoStatelivedinZhaoStateinhisearlyyearsandexperiencedmanyupsanddowns.Later,hereturnedtoQinState___________washismotherland.Hebegantounifythesixkingdoms__________existedatthattime._____isexpected,HesuccessfullydestroyedthesixkingdomsofHan,Zhao,Wei,Chu,Yan,andQi.Heendedthesituationofdividedrulebykings______hewantedtouniteandfoundedthefirstunitedcentralizedstate________namewastheQinDynastyinChinesehistory.

who/thatwhosewhich/thatwhich/thatAswhom/that/whowhoseQinShihuangfoundedtheKingsystemandcalledhimself"thefirstemperor"______carriedoutaseriesofinnovations.Healsofoundedthreeofficersandninedepartments______madethecentralgovernmentmorecentralizedandeffective.Inaddition,QinShihuangalsodeliveredthebestwritingstyle_____looksbeautifultoday.Heunifiedallthemoney,weightsandmeasures_______wereinamessinthepast.Hewastheonlyperson________builttheGreatWallandotherprojectsatthattime.Hedideverything_______couldstrengthenborderdefenseandinlandtransportation.thatthatthatthatthatthatHedeliveredaseriesoflaws,________setupgreatpunishmentsoncriminals.Burningbooksandburyingscholarswasanmisadventure,in_________eventmanybookswereburnt,mostof_____werevaluableandscholarssoiled,mostof______wereinnocent(无辜的).HesentXuFu,______washisminister,toseatofindmedicineforlonglife.QinShihuang,___________hispeoplehated,eventuallyfailedtoescapethenaturallawofbirth,aging,illnessanddeath.QinShihuang,thedeathof_______wasaccidentalduringhisfiftheasterntour,providedasolidbaseforthelaterdynasties.whichwhichwhichwhomwhowho/whomwhomQinShihuangwasborninHandan_________hisfatherwasprisoned.Afterhesucceededhisfather’s