专题05：《-ing形式》（作主语、宾语、表语及复杂-ing形式）期末复习教学设计

专题05：《ing形式》（作主语、宾语、表语及复杂ing形式）期末复习教学设计考情透视·目标导航考点要求考察形式近年考题1.掌握ing形式作主语、宾语、表语的基础用法；<br>2.熟练运用复杂ing形式（完成式、否定式、被动式、复合结构）；<br>3.区分ing形式与不定式、过去分词的用法差异；<br>4.结合语境解决高频动词/短语的搭配问题。语法填空题、单项选择题、语篇填空题1.Justasyoucannottellmethenumberofseedsinthebaobabfruit,youcannotprove(25)__________thislandbelongsto.<br>Hisstoryisareminderof(29)_______wisdomcanbring(30)_______peaceandharmony.<br>（答案：25.who/whom；29.how；30.不填）<br>2.YoungEnterprisemakes(28)__________arulethattheAdvisersmustefromavarietyofbusinessoccupations.<br>（答案：28.it）<br>3.Anentrepreneurcandetermine(26)__________otherbusinessesintheareaaredoingandhowtheysucceedbyconductingapetitiveanalysis.<br>（答案：26.what）<br>4.Peopletravelthousandsofkilometerstoseetheaurora,andtheycanneverbesure(29)_______itwillhappen.But(30)_______doseeitsaythattheywillneverforgetit.<br>（答案：29.that；30.whoever）考情分析期末考察侧重综合性，多结合语境考查ing形式的语法功能与动词搭配，复杂ing形式（被动式、完成式）为期中至期末重点；高频考点：介词后接ing、固定动词搭配、主动表被动（need/require/want+ing）、复合结构逻辑主语；易错点集中在：ing形式与不定式作宾语的含义差异、复杂ing形式的时态语态判断、复合结构的所有格用法。复习目标熟练掌握ing形式的核心结构（一般式/完成式/被动式/否定式）及五大句法功能的核心用法；精准区分ing形式与过去分词、不定式的用法边界，突破易混点；能在语法填空、单选、写作中灵活运用，应对语境化、综合性题目，规避典型错误，提升ing形式运用的准确性和规范性。知识梳理·方法技巧一、基本形式形式结构例句一般式主动DoingDoinghomeworkisnecessary.（做作业是必要的）一般式被动BeingdoneBeinginvitedtothepartymadeherhappy.（被邀请参加派对让她开心）完成式主动HavingdoneHavingfinishedthetask,heleftearly.（完成任务后，他早早离开了）完成式被动HavingbeendoneHavingbeenpraisedbytheteacher,sheworkedharder.（被老师表扬后，她更努力了）否定式Notdoing/NothavingdoneNotknowingtheanswer,hekeptsilent.（不知道答案，他保持沉默）关键注意完成式强调动作发生在主句动作之前，一般式无先后顺序；被动式仅用于ing形式与逻辑主语为被动关系时。二、句法功能知识点01作主语定义：ing形式置于句首（或用it作形式主语），表示经常性、习惯性的抽象动作。核心用法直接作主语：谓语动词用单数。<br>例句：Walkingthroughtheancientforestisanunforgettableexperience.（穿越古森林是一次难忘的经历。）doing...doing...doing...>It’snouse/gooddoing...（做……没用/没好处）<br>It’sawasteoftimedoing...（做……是浪费时间）<br>It’sworthwhiledoing...（做……值得）<br>例句：It’snousearguingwithhim;heistoostubborn.（和他争论没用，他太固执了。）复合结构：形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+ing。<br>例句：Hisbeinglateagainmadehisteacherveryangry.（他再次迟到让老师很生气。）易错点：与不定式作主语的区别——不定式表具体、一次性动作，ing形式表抽象、习惯性动作。<br>对比：Deliveringnewspapersishisjob.（动名词，表职业习惯）/Todelivernewspapersishistasktoday.（不定式，表今日具体任务）知识点02作宾语定义：ing形式充当及物动词或介词的宾语，是高频考点。核心用法接ing作宾语的高频动词（口诀记忆）：<br>喜欢考虑要想象（enjoy,consider,imagine/fancy）<br>介意冒险可避免（mind,risk,avoid）<br>允许承认不喜欢（allow,admit,dislike）<br>欣赏错过可理解（appreciate,miss,understand）<br>主张完成不拖延（advocate,finish,delay/postpone）<br>建议坚持勤练习（suggest,keep,practice）<br>反对逃避不放弃（oppose,escape,quit）<br>例句：Sheavoidedmeetinghimbytakinganotherroute.（她换了条路避免见到他。）devote...to短语（介词后必用ing）：<br>insiston（坚持）、lookforwardto（盼望）、devote...to（致力于）<br>leadto（导致）、contributeto（有助于）、beusedto（习惯于）<br>例句：Hedevoteshistimetohelpingthepoor.（他把时间用于帮助穷人。）spend...prevent/stop...spend...(in)doing（花费……做）、havedifficulty/trouble(in)doing（做……有困难）<br>prevent/stop...(from)doing（阻止……做）、bebusy(in)doing（忙于做）<br>例句：Wehadnotroublefindingthewaytothepark.（我们毫不费力找到了去公园的路。）形式宾语结构：主语+think/find/make+it+形容词+ing。<br>例句：Ifindituselessarguingabouttheproblem.（我觉得争论这个问题没用。）易错点动词doing（表已发生/习惯性）todo（表未发生/具体）remember记得做过记得要做regret后悔做了遗憾要做try尝试做尽力做stop停止做某事停下来去做另一件事need/require/want表“需要”时，接ing（主动表被动）=tobedone。<br>例句：Theroomneedscleaning.=Theroomneedstobecleaned.（房间需要打扫。）知识点03作表语定义：ing形式置于系动词（be,get,bee,look等）后，说明主语的内容或性质。核心用法动名词作表语：表主语的内容，与主语可互换。<br>例句：Herjobiskeepingthelecturehallclean.（=Keepingthelecturehallcleanisherjob.）（她的工作是保持报告厅干净。）现在分词作表语：表主语的性质、特征，意为“令人……的”，修饰物。<br>例句：Thejourneyacrossthemountainswasspectacular.（穿越山脉的旅程令人惊叹。）易错点：与进行时态的区别——进行时态表“动作正在进行”，现在分词作表语表“主语特征”。<br>对比：Theyarerepairingthebridge.（进行时，表动作）/Theproblemispuzzling.（表语，表特征）知识点04作定语定义：ing形式修饰名词，置于名词前或后，说明名词的功能、特征或动作状态。核心用法动名词作定语：表名词的功能、用途，置于名词前。<br>例句：areadingroom（阅览室）、aswimmingpool（游泳池）现在分词作定语：表名词的动作（主动/正在进行），可转化为定语从句。<br>前置：asmilinggirl（微笑的女孩）、anexcitingfilm（令人兴奋的电影）<br>后置：Theboyplayingfootballismybrother.（=Theboywhoisplayingfootballismybrother.）（踢足球的男孩是我弟弟。）易错点：与过去分词作定语的区别——ing表“主动/进行”，过去分词表“被动/完成”。<br>对比：adevelopingcountry（发展中国家，主动进行）/adevelopedcountry（发达国家，被动完成）知识点05作状语定义：ing形式修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随等，逻辑主语需与句子主语一致。核心用法表时间（相当于when/while从句）：<br>例句：Walkinginthepark,youwillbeamusedbythescenery.（=Whenyouarewalkinginthepark...）（在公园散步时，你会被景色逗乐。）表原因（相当于as/because从句）：<br>例句：Beingill,hecouldn’tattendthemeeting.（=Ashewasill...）（因为生病，他不能参加会议。）表条件（相当于if从句）：<br>例句：Workinghard,you’llmakegreatprogress.（=Ifyouworkhard...）（努力学习，你会取得很大进步。）表结果（顺其自然的结果，置于句末）：<br>例句：Thefactoryreleasedwastewater,pollutingtheriver.（工厂排放废水，污染了河流。）表伴随（与谓语动作同时发生）：<br>例句：Shesatbythewindow,readinganovel.（她坐在窗边读小说。）易错点：逻辑主语不一致错误——避免出现“Lookingoutofthewindow,theparkisbeautiful.”（应改为“Lookingoutofthewindow,wefoundtheparkbeautiful.”）三、复杂ing形式知识点01定义包括完成式、否定式、被动式及复合结构的进阶形式，侧重动作的时间先后、被动关系或逻辑主语。知识点02核心用法完成式（havingdone/havingbeendone）：强调动作先于谓语动词发生。主动式（havingdone）：例句：Havingsurvivedtheearthquake,shecherishedeverymoment.（经历过地震后，她珍惜每一刻。）被动式（havingbeendone）：例句：Havingbeenpraisedforhischaritywork,hecontinuedtohelpothers.（因慈善工作受表扬后，他继续助人。）否定式（notdoing/nothavingdone）：否定词“not”置于ing形式前，复合结构中置于逻辑主语与ing之间。例句：Notknowinghowtoescapethefire,hecalledforhelp.（不知道如何逃离火灾，他大喊求救。）/Nothavingreceivedtheevacuationnotice,someresidentsstayedathome.（未收到疏散通知，部分居民留在家中。）被动式（beingdone）：表动作被动且与谓语动词同时发生。作主语：Beingtrappedindisastersisaterribleexperience.（被困在灾难中是可怕的经历。）作宾语：Hedidn’tmindbeingassignedtothecharityproject.（他不介意被分配到慈善项目中。）作定语：Thebuildingbeingrepairedisadisastershelter.（正在修缮的建筑是避难所。）复合结构（sb.’sdoing/sb.doing）作主语：多用“sb.’sdoing”，例句：Hisdonatingalargesumofmoneysurprisedeveryone.（他捐赠巨款让所有人意外。）作宾语：可接“sb.’sdoing”或“sb.doing”，例句：Iappreciateyour/youorganizingthedisasterdrill.（我感谢你组织防灾演练。）注意事项逻辑主语不一致：作状语时，ing形式逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致，否则用独立主格。<br>错误：Seeingtheaccident,hisfaceturnedpale.→正确：Seeingtheaccident,heturnedpale.介词to后误用不定式：部分短语中to是介词，后接ing形式。<br>错误：Hedevotedhimselftohelpthepoor.→正确：Hedevotedhimselftohelpingthepoor.完成式滥用：无明显先后顺序时，不用完成式。<br>错误：Havingwalkedinthestreet,hemethisteacher.→正确：Walkinginthestreet,hemethisteacher.即时检测（选择题）______inthecountrysideforyearshasmadeherdeeplyunderstandthevalueofhardwork.（）A.LiveB.LivingC.HavinglivedD.ToliveThemanagersuggested______themeetingtillnextweek,butmostemployeesobjectedto______theplan.（）A.puttingoff;changingB.putoff;changeC.toputoff;changingD.puttingoff;changeWhatmakesthefilmsomovingisthewaythecharacterssticktotheirdreams—theirperseveranceisreally______.（）A.inspiringB.inspiredC.inspireD.toinspireThenovel______bymanyteenagersrecentlydealswiththethemeoffriendshipandcourage.（）A.beingreadB.readingC.toreadD.read______theheavyrain,westilldecidedtogohiking,butsoonweregrettednot______theweatherforecast.（）A.Despite;checkingB.Though;tocheckC.Inspiteof;checkD.Although;checkingItisawasteoftime______aboutthingswecan’tchange—weshouldfocuson______whatwecandonow.（）A.worrying;improvingB.toworry;improveC.worry;improvingD.worrying;improveHeisusedto______earlyinthemorning,buthissisterisstillnotusedto______insuchacoldclimate.（）A.getup;liveB.gettingup;livingC.getup;livingD.gettingup;liveThemostchallengingpartoftheprojectis______allteammembers’ideasintoapracticalplan—municationiskey.（）A.bineB.biningC.binedD.tobiningDoyouknowthescientist______forhisresearchonrenewableenergyattheinternationalconferenceyesterday?（）A.honoringB.tohonorC.beinghonoredD.honored______thetaskaheadofschedule,theydecidedtotakeashortbreak,but______bythesuddenphonecall,theyhadtostartworkingagain.（）A.Finishing;interruptingB.Havingfinished;interruptedC.Finished;beinginterruptedD.Havingfinished;beinginterrupted______hiscarelessnessledtothefailureoftheexperimentisafactnoonecandeny—weshouldavoid______thesamemistake.（）A.That;makingB.What;tomakeC.Which;makingD.Whether;tomakeSheregretted______herparents’advicetostudyabroad—nowshemisses______thechancetoimproveherforeignlanguage.（）A.toignore;togetB.ignoring;gettingC.ignoring;togetD.toignore;gettingThereasonwhyhefeelssofrustratedisnot______theexambut______hedidn’tpreparewellenough.（）A.failing;thatB.tofail;becauseC.fail;thatD.failing;becauseThebuilding______nowwillbeamodernlibrary,whichisexpectedtobeopentothepublicnextyear.（）A.beingconstructedB.constructingC.toconstructD.constructed______nottodisturbothers,hewalkedquietlythroughthecorridor,______hisphoneonsilentmode.（）A.Reminding;puttingB.Reminded;puttingC.Reminded;toputD.Reminding;toput______bythebeautifulscenery,theycouldn’thelp______photosallthewayduringthetrip.（）A.Attracting;takingB.Attracted;totakeC.Attracted;takingD.Attracting;totakeMyparentsdon’tmindmy______lateoccasionally,buttheyinsistonmy______themknowinadvance.（）A.stayingup;lettingB.stayup;letC.tostayup;lettingD.stayingup;toletWhatsurprisesusmostishis______thedifficulttaskinsuchashorttime—hisefficiencyistruly______.（）A.finishing;amazingB.tofinish;amazedC.finish;amazingD.finishing;amazedThestudents______intheexperimentarerequiredtosubmitareportabouttheirfindingsnextMonday.（）A.participatingB.participatedC.toparticipateD.havingparticipated______thathehadwastedtoomuchtime,hedecidedtodevotehimselfto______hislessonswithoutanydistraction.（）A.Realizing;improvingB.Torealize;improveC.Realized;improvingD.Realizing;improve考场练兵·分层实战基础通关（测试时间：10分钟）一、单句语法填空______(analyze)thedatacarefullyisessentialfortheresearchreport.Sheapologizedfor______(neglect)herdutiesduringtheteamproject.The______(approach)deadlinemadeallstudentsworkharder.______(notgrasp)thekeyconcepts,manystudentsstruggledwiththeexam.Hismainresponsibilityis______(supervise)thedailyoperationsoftheclub.Theexpertsinsistedon______(conduct)athoroughinvestigationbeforemakingadecision.______(acplish)thechallengingtask,theycelebratedwithasmallparty.Thelibrary______(decorate)nowwillreopentothepublicnextmonth.It’snouse______(argue)withsomeonewhorefusestolistentoreason.______(elect)asthemonitor,shepromisedtoservetheclasswholeheartedly.二、单项选择______excessivescreentimewillhaveanegativeimpactonteenagers’eyesight.（）A.SpendB.SpendingC.TospendD.SpentThescientistisdevotedto______newenergysourcestoreplacefossilfuels.（）A.developB.developingC.todevelopD.developedThe______resultoftheexperimentsurprisedalltheresearchers,whowere______bytheunexpectedfindings.（）A.astonishing;astonishedB.astonished;astonishingC.astonishing;astonishingD.astonished;astonishedTheprofessor______atthemeetingnowhaspublisheddozensofacademicpapers.（）A.speakB.speakingC.tospeakD.spoken______regularly,youwillgraduallybuildupyourphysicalstrength.（）A.ExerciseB.ExercisingC.ToexerciseD.ExercisedHesuggested______aworkshoptodiscusshowtoimproveteamcooperation.（）A.organizeB.organizingC.toorganizeD.organized______allthepreparationsfortheconference,theyfeltasenseofrelief.（）A.pleteB.pletingC.TopleteD.HavingpletedThebook______bythefamousauthorhasbeentranslatedintomorethan20languages.（）A.writingB.writtenC.towriteD.writeIt’sworthwhile______thehistoricalsite,asitoffersvaluableinsightsintoancientcivilizations.（）A.visitB.visitingC.tovisitD.visitedShededicatedallhersparetimeto______disabledchildrenwiththeirstudies.（）A.helpB.helpingC.tohelpD.helped重难突破（测试时间：10分钟）一、单句语法填空______(notreceive)anyresponsefromthepanyforweeks,hesentafollowupemail.The______(remain)ticketsfortheconcertwillbesoldatadiscountedpricetomorrow.Therescuerwaspraisedfor______(rescue)thetrappedvillagersintheflood.______(provide)withpropertraining,thenewemployeescanadapttotheirjobsquickly.Thewoman______(consult)withthedoctorisourmathteacher.______(wander)intheancienttown,weadmiredthetraditionalarchitectureandlocalcustoms.Sheislookingforwardto______(invite)totheinternationalyouthsummit.______(study)abroadfor3years,hehasadeepunderstandingofcrossculturalmunication.Theseminar______(hold)nextFridaywillfocusonenvironmentalprotectionstrategies.There’snopoint______(plain)aboutthetrafficjam;we’dbetterfindanalternativeroute.二、单项选择______fromthetopofthemountain,thecityskylinepresentsamagnificentviewatdusk.（）A.SeeingB.SeenC.ToseeD.SeeHeregretted______hisoriginalplan,asthenewapproachturnedouttobeafailure.（）A.changeB.changingC.tochangeD.changed______latefortheinterview,hemissedavaluableopportunitytogetthejob.（）A.ArriveB.ArrivingC.ToarriveD.ArrivedTheissue______atthemitteemeetingnowisrelatedtostudents’mentalhealth.（）A.discussingB.beingdiscussedC.todiscussD.discussedShespentthreemonths______aresearchpaperontheinfluenceofsocialmediaonteenagers.（）A.writeB.writingC.towriteD.written______thescholarship,shehasbeenstudyingdayandnighttoimproveheracademicperformance.（）A.WinB.WinningC.TowinD.WonHaving______thedifficulttaskaheadofschedule,theteamwashighlypraisedbythemanager.（）A.pleteB.pletingC.pletedD.topleteThe______speechdeliveredbytheprofessorinspiredmanystudentstopursuetheirdreamsbravely.（）A.inspireB.inspiringC.inspiredD.toinspireHedreamsof______arenownedscholarwhocanmakecontributionstoscientificresearch.（）A.beeB.beingC.tobeeD.became______intheheavysnowstorm,thetravelershadtotakeshelterinanabandonedcabin.（）A.CaughtB.CatchingC.TocatchD.Catch三、翻译句子他坚持每天练习口语并最终提高了成绩，这让老师很欣慰。忽视细节往往会导致严重的错误，这是我们必须牢记的。无论是学习还是工作，保持积极的心态都至关重要。除了完成老师布置的任务，他还主动帮忙整理实验室器材。她承认自己在项目中犯了错误，并承诺会尽快想出解决问题的办法。这个老旧的图书馆需要彻底修缮，否则无法满足师生的阅读需求。最令人沮丧的是，他总是逃避面对自己的缺点和不足。她的日常工作就是跟踪项目进度并协调各部门之间的合作。由于之前未被给予足够的指导，她在第一次独立完成实验时遇到了很多困难。意识到自己误解了朋友的意思后，他立即发消息向朋友道歉。易混易错（测试时间：10分钟）一、单项选择Whichsentenceiscorrect?（）A.Watchingthedocumentary,tearsfilledhereyes.B.Sheislookingforwardtoattendtheinternationalconference.C.Havingpreparedfully,sheperformedwellinthepetition.D.Thearticlewritingbythejournalistwonthefirstprize.Whichsentenceusesingformcorrectly?（）A.Thestudentisinterestedinplaythepianoinhissparetime.B.It’snogoodtoblameothersforyourownmistakes.C.Wanderinginthepark,weenjoyedthebeautifulflowersandfreshair.D.Hedevotedhimselftohelpthepoorinremoteareas.______thefinalexam,hewentouttorelaxwithhisfriends.（）A.FinishB.FinishingC.TofinishD.HavingfinishedThe______audiencecheeredloudlywhentheperformerfinishedthewonderfulshow.（）A.exciteB.excitingC.excitedD.toexcite______fromhisappearance,hemustbeanexperiencedtraveler.（）A.JudgeB.JudgingC.TojudgeD.JudgedSheregretted______herfriend’ssecrettoothers,whichdamagedtheirfriendship.（）A.tellB.tellingC.totellD.toldThebridge______nowwillconnectthetwocitiesandpromoteeconomicdevelopment.（）A.buildB.buildingC.beingbuiltD.built______moreattention,theproblemcouldhavebeensolvedearlier.（）A.GiveB.GivingC.TogiveD.GivenHespentalotoftime______historicalrecordstofindevidenceforhisresearch.（）A.consultB.consultingC.toconsultD.consultedWhichsentenceiswrong?（）A.PracticingspeakingEnglisheverydayisthekeytoimprovement.B.Sheisafraidofflyingaloneatnight.C.Tolearnistogrow.D.Theyarebusytopreparefortheupingsportsmeeting.二、改错Notknowhowtodealwiththeemergency,sheturnedtoherteacherforhelp.（）Themanagersuggestedtopostponethemeetinguntilnextweek.（）Theperformancewassoexcitedthatalltheaudiencestoodupandapplauded.（）Havingfinishthecourse,heobtainedacertificatefromthetrainingcenter.（）Wearelookingforwardtoseethenewexhibitionattheartgallery.（）ThegirlistalkingwithourteacheristhewinneroftheEnglishpetition.（）Walkalongthestreet,wenoticedmanyinterestingshopsandcafes.（）It’snousetoarguewithhimbecauseheistoostubborntolisten.（）Shedevotedallhereffortstoimproveheracademicperformance.（）Thenovelisworthtoreadbecauseitreflectsthesocialrealityofthatera.（）链接高考（测试时间：15分钟）一、语法填空______(explore)theu