2025年官方托福试卷真题及答案

2025年官方托福试卷真题及答案

一、单项选择题（每题2分，共10题）1.Whichofthefollowingisthebestdefinitionof"ecology"?A.ThestudyofstarsandplanetsB.ThestudyoflivingorganismsandtheirinteractionswiththeenvironmentC.ThestudyofhumanbehaviorinsocietyD.ThestudyofancientcivilizationsAnswer:B2.Whatistheprimaryfunctionofthemitochondriainacell?A.TostoregeneticinformationB.ToproduceenergyC.TosynthesizeproteinsD.TotransportnutrientsAnswer:B3.Whichplanetisknownasthe"RedPlanet"?A.VenusB.MarsC.JupiterD.SaturnAnswer:B4.WhatisthemaincomponentoftheEarth'satmosphere?A.OxygenB.NitrogenC.CarbondioxideD.HeliumAnswer:B5.Whichofthefollowingisarenewableenergysource?A.CoalB.NaturalgasC.SolarenergyD.NuclearenergyAnswer:C6.Whatistheprocesscalledwhenwaterturnsintovapor?A.FreezingB.EvaporationC.CondensationD.SublimationAnswer:B7.Whichofthefollowingisaprimenumber?A.4B.6C.7D.9Answer:C8.Whatisthescientifictermforthestudyofsound?A.OpticsB.AcousticsC.ThermodynamicsD.ElectromagnetismAnswer:B9.Whichofthefollowingisafunctionoftheliver?A.ToproduceredbloodcellsB.TofiltertoxinsfromthebloodC.ToregulatebloodpressureD.TocontrolbodytemperatureAnswer:B10.Whatisthechemicalsymbolforgold?A.AgB.AuC.GoD.GdAnswer:B二、多项选择题（每题2分，共10题）1.Whichofthefollowingarepartsofthesolarsystem?A.MoonsB.AsteroidsC.CometsD.GalaxiesAnswer:A,B,C2.Whatarethemaincomponentsofthehumanimmunesystem?A.WhitebloodcellsB.AntibodiesC.LymphnodesD.RedbloodcellsAnswer:A,B,C3.Whichofthefollowingarerenewableresources?A.WindenergyB.GeothermalenergyC.FossilfuelsD.HydroelectricpowerAnswer:A,B,D4.Whataretheprimaryfunctionsofthekidneys?A.TofilterwastefromthebloodB.ToregulatebloodpressureC.ToproduceurineD.ToproducehormonesAnswer:A,C,D5.Whichofthefollowingareexamplesoforganiccompounds?A.WaterB.CarbondioxideC.GlucoseD.SodiumchlorideAnswer:B,C6.WhatarethemainlayersoftheEarth'satmosphere?A.TroposphereB.StratosphereC.MesosphereD.ThermosphereAnswer:A,B,C,D7.Whichofthefollowingaretypesofrocks?A.IgneousB.SedimentaryC.MetamorphicD.MineralAnswer:A,B,C8.Whatarethemainfunctionsofthebrain?A.TocontrolbodymovementsB.ToprocesssensoryinformationC.ToregulateemotionsD.TostorememoryAnswer:A,B,C,D9.Whichofthefollowingareexamplesofelectromagneticwaves?A.RadiowavesB.MicrowavesC.X-raysD.VisiblelightAnswer:A,B,C,D10.WhatarethemaincomponentsofDNA?A.AdenineB.ThymineC.GuanineD.CytosineAnswer:A,B,C,D三、判断题（每题2分，共10题）1.TheEarthistheonlyplanetinthesolarsystemthathaslife.True2.TheGreatWallofChinaisvisiblefromspace.False3.Waterboilsat100degreesCelsiusatsealevel.True4.Thehumangenomecontainsallthegeneticinformationofanorganism.True5.Thespeedoflightinavacuumisapproximately299,792kilometerspersecond.True6.TheMoonhasitsownatmosphere.False7.Photosynthesisistheprocessbywhichplantsconvertlightenergyintochemicalenergy.True8.Theperiodictableisorganizedbyatomicnumber.True9.Thehumanhearthasfourchambers.True10.TheAmazonrainforestisthelargestrainforestintheworld.True四、简答题（每题5分，共4题）1.Describetheprocessofphotosynthesisinplants.Photosynthesisistheprocessbywhichplants,algae,andsomebacteriaconvertlightenergy,usuallyfromthesun,intochemicalenergyintheformofglucose.Thisprocessoccursinthechloroplastsofplantcells,whichcontainthepigmentchlorophyll.Theprocesscanbesummarizedbythechemicalequation:6CO2+6H2O+lightenergy→C6H12O6+6O2.Photosynthesisinvolvestwomainstages:thelight-dependentreactionsandthelight-independentreactions(Calvincycle).Duringthelight-dependentreactions,lightenergyiscapturedandusedtoproduceATPandNADPH.Theseenergy-richmoleculesarethenusedintheCalvincycletoconvertcarbondioxideintoglucose.2.Explainthedifferencebetweenrenewableandnon-renewableresources.Renewableresourcesarethosethatcanbereplenishednaturallywithinahumanlifespan,suchassolarenergy,windenergy,andhydroelectricpower.Theyaresustainableandhaveaminimalenvironmentalimpact.Non-renewableresources,ontheotherhand,arethosethatexistinfinitequantitiesandcannotbereplenishedquicklyenoughtomeethumandemand,suchasfossilfuels(coal,oil,andnaturalgas)andnuclearfuels.Theuseofnon-renewableresourcescontributestoenvironmentalpollutionandclimatechange.3.Describethestructureandfunctionofthehumanbrain.Thehumanbrainisthecentralorganofthehumannervoussystem,responsibleforcontrollingmostoftheactivitiesofthebodyandmind.Itisdividedintothreemainparts:thecerebrum,thecerebellum,andthebrainstem.Thecerebrumisthelargestpartandisresponsibleforhigherfunctionssuchasthought,memory,andsensoryprocessing.Thecerebellumisinvolvedinmotorcontrolandcoordination.Thebrainstemconnectsthebraintothespinalcordandcontrolsbasiclifefunctionssuchasbreathingandheartrate.4.Explaintheconceptofglobalwarminganditsimpactontheenvironment.Globalwarmingisthelong-termheatingofEarth'sclimatesystemobservedsincethepre-industrialperiod(between1850and1900)duetohumanactivities,primarilyfossilfuelburning,whichincreasesheat-trappinggreenhousegaslevelsinEarth'satmosphere.Themaingreenhousegasesincludecarbondioxide,methane,andnitrousoxide.Globalwarmingleadstoariseinglobalaveragetemperatures,meltingofpolaricecapsandglaciers,sea-levelrise,morefrequentandsevereweatherevents,anddisruptionofecosystems.Thesechangeshavesignificantimpactsonbiodiversity,agriculture,andhumanhealth.五、讨论题（每题5分，共4题）1.Discusstheimportanceofconservationeffortsforendangeredspecies.Conservationeffortsforendangeredspeciesarecrucialformaintainingbiodiversityandecologicalbalance.Endangeredspeciesplayvitalrolesintheirecosystems,suchaspollination,seeddispersal,andnutrientcycling.Thelossofthesespeciescanleadtocascadingeffectsonotherorganismsandtheoverallhealthoftheecosystem.Conservationeffortsincludehabitatprotection,breedingprograms,publiceducation,andlegislationtopreventpoachingandillegaltrade.Theseeffortshelptoensurethesurvivalofendangeredspeciesandthepreservationofgeneticdiversity.2.Discusstheroleoftechnologyinaddressingenvironmentalchallenges.Technologyplaysasignificantroleinaddressingenvironmentalchallengesbyprovidinginnovativesolutionsforpollutioncontrol,renewableenergy,andsustainablepractices.Forexample,advancementsinsolarpaneltechnologyhavemadesolarenergymoreaccessibleandaffordable.Technologiesforcarboncaptureandstoragehelptoreducegreenhousegasemissions.Additionally,sustainableagriculturepractices,suchasprecisionfarmingandverticalfarming,helptoreducetheenvironmentalimpactoffoodproduction.However,itisimportanttonotethattechnologyaloneisnotsufficienttosolveenvironmentalproblems;itmustbecombinedwithpolicychanges,education,andindividualactions.3.Discusstheimpactofclimatechangeonhumansocieties.Climatechangehassignificantimpactsonhumansocieties,affectingagriculture,health,andeconomicstability.Risingtemperaturescanleadtomorefrequentandseveredroughtsandfloods,disruptingfoodproductionandcausingwaterscarcity.Changesinweatherpatternscanalsoincreasetheriskofheatwaves,droughts,andextremeweatherevents,leadingtolossoflifeandproperty.Additionally,risingsealevelsthreatencoastalcommunitiesandinfrastructure.Theseimpactsdisproportionatelyaffectvulnerablepopulations,suchaslow-incomecommunitiesanddevelopingcountries,exacerbatingsocialinequal