湖北省武汉市部分重点中学2024-2025学年高一上学期期末联考英语试卷（含答案）

第第页湖北省武汉市部分重点中学2024-2025学年高一上学期期末联考英语试卷一、AWashington,DCisatheatretown.Here'swhereyoucangetthebestperformancesandculturalexperiencesofferedforeverytasteinthenation'scapital.KennedyCenterKennedyCenterhostshundredsofworld-classperformanceseachyearandishometotheNationalSymphonyOrchestraandtheWashingtonNationalOpera.TheSuzanneFarrellBalletalsocountsKennedyCenterasitsperformanceheadquarters.Thecompany—underthedirectionofFarrell—wasfirstinvitedtoperformtherein1993andhassincebecomeoneofthevenue'smostfamousattractions.WoollyMammothCompanyWoollyMammothCompanyisanexperimentaltheatrethatwelcomesoriginalplaysthatpushtheboundariesoflivetheatre.TheNewYorkTimeshascalledit"Washington'smostdaringtheatrecompany",andthehalfdozenplaysWoollyproduceseachyearcontinuetoliveuptothatreputation.ShakespeareTheatreCompanyFormorethan25years,ShakespeareTheatreCompanyhascommitteditselftoservingasthenation'sclassicaltheatre.Itoperatesoutoftwospaces,includingSidneyHarmanHallattheHarmanCenter,whichseats775,andtheLansburghTheatre,whichseats451.Theshiny,glass-walledHarmanCentershowcasesclassicShakespeareplays,modernupdatesandShakespeare-inspiredoriginalshows.WolfTrapForlocals,summerisn'tcompletewithoutatleastonetriptoWolfTrap,theonlynationalparkdedicatedtotheperformingarts.Thevenueisbest-knownforperformancesoftouringartists.Theopen-airtheatreofferscoveredseating,butwhentheweatherwarmsup,wesuggestbuyingseatsonthegrasslandandpackingapicnic.1．Wherecanyouappreciatethetop-levelBallet?A．HarmanCenter. B．KennedyCenter.C．LansburghTheatre. D．WoollyMammothCompany.2．WhatisShakespeareTheaterCompanyfocusedon?A．Providingthenationalclassics.B．Workingontheperformingarts.C．Holdingworld-classperformances.D．Showcasingthelatestcreativeplays.3．WhatmaybetheparticularfeatureofWolfTrap?A．Itsoriginalworks. B．Itscoveredseating.C．Itsopen-airatmosphere. D．ItsShakespeareplays.二、BAfteryearsoflivingunderground,twobroodsofcicadas(蝉)willarrivethissummerinpartsoftheSoutheastandMidwest.Thetotalnumberofcicadascouldreachatrillion,accordingtotheUniversityofConnecticut.Thetwobroodsareperiodical,meaningtheyonlycomeabovegroundonceeveryfewyears.BroodXIII,ortheNorthernIllinoisBrood,surfacesevery17years.BroodXIX(theGreatSouthernBrood),whichappearsevery13years,willjointhisspring.Thisyearmarksthefirsttimethetwobroodshaveappearedinthesameyearsince1803.Itwon'thappenagainforanother221years.Shapedlikesmallcandybarswithtransparentwings,cicadasmakeupmorethan3,000species.Femalestypicallylayeggsintreebranches,andafterafewmonths,theyoungcicadashatchandhideunderground.Theyfeedonliquidsfromtreerootsandresurfaceoncematuretolaytheireggs.Theytunnelfromunderground,molt(蜕皮)aftertheycomeout,andthenstartsearchingforamate.Malesmakeabuzzingsoundtoattractmateswhilethefemalesclaptheirwingsinresponsetothemales'matingcalls.Aftermating,thefemaleslaytheireggsandthecyclestartsagain.Whileannualcicadasappeareveryyear,periodicalbroodsareonlyfoundincertainyearsandwaituntilthesoiltemperaturereaches65degreesFahrenheit.Scientistshavetheorizedthatbycomingoutinlargenumbersallatonce,cicadasmakeitharderforpredatorstoconsumethemall,increasingthechancesofsurvivalforindividualsandthecontinuityoftheirspecies.Researchersalsothinktheyunderstandhowcicadasknowwhenanotheryearhaspassed—thetreetheydrinkgetsricherinaminoacidsonceayearwhenitblossoms.However,theydon'tknowexactlyhowcicadastrackthischangeinaminoacidlevels.MarthaWeiss,aninsectecologistatGeorgetownUniversity,said,"Weknowthat'swhattheycount;wherethey'reputtingtheirlittlechalkmarksonthewallandhowthey'rekeepingtrackofit,westilldon'tknow."4．Whatgetsthetwobroodsofcicadasunusual?A．Theymainlyliveunderground.B．Theyturnedupinthesameyear.C．Theybothemergeevery13years.D．Theybothhardlysurfaceinspring.5．Whatdoesparagraph3mostlyshowusaboutcicadas?A．Theireatinghabits. B．Theirlifecycle.C．Theirvarioustypes. D．Theirmoltingbehavior.6．Whydocicadassometimesappearinlargenumbers?A．Toprotecttheireggsfrompredators.B．Tosearchforanewhabitattolivein.C．Toensurethesurvivaloftheirspecies.D．Tocollectfoodfortheupcomingyear.7．Howmightcicadasdetectthetimepassing?A．Bytrackingthemovementsofotherinsects.B．Bysensingthetemperaturechangesofthesoil.C．Bymarkingthegrowthoftreeswithlittlechalk.D．Bynoticingchangesinacertainacidofthetrees.三、CManyconceptsthatarecentraltothehumanexperienceareabstract,suchasrelationships,ideas,andtime—thingswecan'tdirectlyseeortouch.Wecommonlyuseconcretelanguagetotalkandthinkaboutthesethings,oftenthroughmetaphors(隐喻).Usingmetaphorsisfarmorethanapoeticdeviceoffactualstatements.AstudyconductedatPurchaseCollegefoundthatmetaphorscanframepeople'sperspectives,thusshapingtheirreasoningandsubsequentactions.Forexample,describingtheefforttostopclimatechangeasa"war"ratherthana"race"causedpeopletofeelmoreurgencyaboutreducingemissions.Anotherexampleisthelightbulb(灯泡)metaphorcommonlyusedtodescribenewideas,suggestingthatnewthoughtsappearsuddenlylikealightswitchbeingturnedon.However,thismetaphorprovesthatnewideascomeeffortlesslyandareaccessibleonlytoaselectfewgeniuses,suchasIsaacNewton,whosupposedlydevelopedhistheoryofgravityfromasuddeninsightaboutafallingapple.Itmayleadpeopletoquestiontheircapabilitytohavenewideas,andasabehavioralresult,peoplemayoverlooktheroleofhardworkandconstantlearninginbringingaboutchange.Analternativewaytodescribeideasisbycomparingnewthoughtstoseedsthatfallonfertilegroundand—ifcaredfor-willgrowanddevelopovertime.Differentfromthelightbulbmetaphor,theseedmetaphorshowsanunderstandingthatcreatingnewideasisalaboriousprocess,whichrequirestimeandeffort.Italsosuggeststhatanybodycanbethecultivatorofideasaslongastheyputtheirmindtoit.Theeffectsofmetaphorsshowhowpowerfullanguagecanbe,eventhoughweoftendon'trealizeit.Who'dhavethoughtasimpleuseofalightbulbmetaphorcouldaffecthowweunderstandtheconceptofinnovation?Giventhenatureofourmetaphoricalminds,itisworthasking:areourmetaphorssuitable?Weoweittoourselvesandotherstousemetaphorsappropriately.Thesechoices—consciousornot—canbeconstructiveordestructive.8．Whatcanwelearnaboutmetaphorsfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Theycanframepeople'sbehaviors.B．Theycanmakelanguagemorepoetic.C．Theymaydeveloppeople'sviewpoints.D．Theymayuseabstractlanguagemoreoften.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"overlook"inparagraph3probablymean?A．Undervalue. B．Emphasize. C．Recognize. D．Acknowledge.10．Whatdoestheseedmetaphordifferfromthelightbulbmetaphor?A．Theimportanceofnaturaltalent.B．Thepeople'sdoubtaboutcreativity.C．Theprocessofproducingnewideas.D．Thecontinuouseffortsofindividuals.11．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsusingmetaphors?A．Negative. B．Careful. C．Favorable. D．Respectful.四、DAwe(敬畏)experiencesaretypicallyconnectedwiththeperception(感知)ofsomethingincrediblyvastorpowerful.Theseareoftenrelatedwithnature—suchaslookingatabroadviewofmountainsorupatthebillionsofstarsinthenightsky."Aweisthefeelingofbeinginthepresenceofsomethingvastthatgoesbeyondyourunderstandingoftheworld,"saidDacherKeltner,apsychologistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.AttheUniversityofChicago'sHumanNatureandPotentialsLab,researchhasshownthatchildrenovertheageoffourcanperceiveandrespondtoawe-inspiringexperiences.Thisearlysenseofaweinfluencestheirmotivationforlearningandself-perception.Whenexposedtoawe-inspiringvisuals,suchasvastnaturalscenesornaturaldisasters,childrenfeela"smallself"comparedtotheirfeelingsafterviewingeverydaynatureimagery,whichmakesthemmoremotivatedtoexplorethingsthatinterestthemandtounderstandthingsintheworldthattheyhadn'tlearnedmuchaboutyet.Whileaweisahighlypersonalexperience,evidencesuggeststhatithassignificantsocialeffects.Inoneexperiment,participantswhowereaskedtostandstaringattalltreesforaminuteweremorelikelytohelpothersthanthosewholookedatabuilding,suggestingthatbeinginanawe-inspiringenvironmentincreasesmoralityandreducesfeelingsofself-centeredness."Thisisespeciallycriticalintheageofsocialmedia,"saidDr.Keltner."Weareatthisculturalmomentofself-center,criticism,andentitlement(优越感);awegetsusoutofthat.Itdoesthisbyhelpingusgetoutofourownheadsandrealizeourplaceinthelargercontext,ourcommunities,"heexplained."Mightawecausepeopletobecomemoreinvestedinthegreatergood,givingmoretocharity,volunteeringtohelpothers,ordoingmoretoreducetheirimpactontheenvironment?Ourresearchwouldsuggestthattheanswerisyes."12．Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?A．Thedefinitionofaweexperiences.B．Theeffectofnatureonperception.C．Thewaysofunderstandingnature.D．Thesignificanceofaweexperiences.13．Whatdoweknowaboutchildrenwhoexperienceawe?A．Theymayloseconfidenceinthemselves.B．Theytendtoperformbetterintheirstudies.C．Theywillknowmoreaboutnaturaldisasters.D．Theyaremoreinterestedinexploringtheworld.14．WhatcanbeinferredaboutaweaccordingtoDr.Keltner?A．Itcanimprovepeople'sphysicalhealth.B．Ithasapositiveimpactonpeople'sbehavior.C．Itencouragesustoreflectonourculture.D．Itassistspeopletoshapetheircriticalthinking.15．Whichwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．AwePerceptioninEarlyChildhood.B．Awe'sRoleintheAgeofSocialMedia.C．ThePowerofAweDrivesUsOutofSelf-center.D．Awe-InspiringExperiencesPushPeopletoLearn.五、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Manyanimalsmovefromoneplacetoanotheratcertaintimesoftheyear.Thisannualmovementiscalledmigration.16．OneofthemostwonderfulmigrationsinnatureisthatoftheNorthAmericanmonarchbutterfly.Everyautumn,millionsofthesebeautifulinsectswithfineblackandorangewingsbeginalonganddifficultjourney.Somehowtheymanagetotravelaround4,000kilometressouthandfindtheirwaytoCaliforniaorMexico.17．AteamofscientistsledbyProfessorEliShlizermanattheUniversityofWashingtonhasnowfoundtheanswer.18．Itusesitseyestomeasurethepositionofthesun.Thesetwopiecesofinformation—thetimeofdayandthepointwherethesunisinthesky-allowthebutterflytodeterminethewaytogo.Eventually,itmanagestoreachtheplaceswhereitwillspendthewinter.19．Itspopulationhascrashedbyasmuchas90percentinthelastfewyears.Sadly,humanactivityisthemainreasonwhythenumberofmonarchbutterfliesisfalling.Inmanyoftheplaceswherethebutterflycanbefound,peoplearedestroyingthenaturalenvironment.Theycutdowntreesandusechemicals.thatkilltheplantsthatmonarchcaterpillars(毛虫)eat.20．Peoplehavebeenworkingtogethertorecorditsmigrationandmakesurethatthereareenoughplantsforittofeedon.Ifthisworks,theremaycomeatimewhenthenumberofmonarchbutterfliesincreasesonceagain.Themoreweknowaboutthislovelycreature,thegreaterthechanceitwillsurviveandkeepitsplaceinthenaturalworldforalongtimetocome.A.However,untilrecentlynooneknewhowtheydidthis.B.Theyhavefoundoutthatthemonarchisabletotellthetimeofday.C.Theymigratetofindfood,seekapartner,orinsearchofwarmerweather.D.Inrecentyearsithasbecomeevermoreapparentthatmonarchbutterfliesareinrapiddecline.E.Theresearchonthemonarch'sbehaviorhashoweverledtoagreaterawarenessofthiscreature.F.Thesolutiontothemysteryofthemonarch'samazingabilitycomesatatimewhenitisinserioustrouble.G.Theentirejourneyhappensinafewweeksasmonarchsflocktotheskyfortheirunbelievablemigration.六、阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Leavingtotravelaroundtheworldwassimplythebestdecisionofourlives!Sincethatonedayin2018whenwe21．aroundabottleofwinetotravelaroundtheworld,ourliveshavebeen22．transformed.Wetravelled23．for19monthsfromChinatoSouthAmericaviaSoutheastAsia;wehaddozensof24．,discoveredplacesthatwouldbe25．inourmemoriesandgottoknowothercultures.Wefirsttraveledatfullspeed,andthen26．tojusttakethetime—thetimetotalk,tomeet,thetimethatweoften27．inourdailylives.ThenwereturnedtoSwitzerland,wefoundgoodjobsinZurich.Itwasabeautiful28．.And18monthslater,whatwas29．tohappenhappened!Weresignedagaintoreopentheparenthesis(圆括号)for30．thistime.Sincethenwehavetakenourworkwithusinourbackpacksand31．ourprettySwissapartmentforawayoflifethat32．usbetter:thedigitalnomad(游牧民)lifestyle.Wehavewrittenandsharedmanyblog33．abouttravellingaroundtheworldorlong-distancetravel.Throughoursharing,wehopeyouwillfindbothusefulinformationand34．thatmayhelpyoutotakeyourturnintheadventureofaround-the-worldtrip.Believeus,youwon't35．it!21．A．debated B．decided C．promised D．pretended22．A．completely B．immediately C．effectively D．naturally23．A．dayandnight B．nowandthen C．full-time D．part-time24．A．proposals B．attempts C．adventures D．discoveries25．A．alarmed B．hidden C．treasured D．confused26．A．sloweddown B．gavein C．fellapart D．camealong27．A．lack B．waste C．spend D．arrange28．A．destination B．break C．ending D．flight29．A．revived B．supposed C．reminded D．proposed30．A．effect B．show C．fun D．good31．A．registered B．designed C．rented D．exchanged32．A．shelters B．contacts C．traces D．suits33．A．posts B．comments C．likes D．profiles34．A．determination B．inspiration C．description D．impression35．A．memorize B．suffer C．regret D．promote七、第二节(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Language,36．uniquesymbolofhumancivilization,hasadeeprootthat37．(date)backtoancienttimes.Everydialectcarriesitsowncharacter38．(specific)andreflectsthehistory,cultureandattitudesofitspeople.Normally39．(base)onfactorslikegeography,societyandtrade,thesedialectsaregraduallydeveloping.Withtheglobalcommunication40．(increase),understandingandappreciatingthediversityoflanguageshasbecomemorevitalthanever.41．thegreatadvancementsineducationaltechnology,thestruggletoexpandone'svocabularyremainsachallengeformanylearners.Thischallengedoesnotonlyrefertolearningnewwords42．understandingtheirvarietiesofuses.Somebelievethathavingadvancedvocabularyisthekeytoeffectivecommunication.Oneoftheequal43．(require)isregularlyburyingoneselfinreadingmaterials.Fromtheirpointofview,apositivefeelingtowardsvocabularylearningcanmakeasignificantdifference.Itexposeslearnerstowordsinvariouscontexts,44．(allow)foraricherunderstanding.Afterall,words,45．aremorethanjustsigns,areareflectionofourthoughtsandworldaroundus.Themoreinternationalandglobalizedtheworldbecomes,themorelanguagecharacteristicswillbesharedbetweennationsandcultures.八、第一节(满分15分)46．假定你是学生会主席李华，为了提高学生保护文化遗产的意识，学校要求你向全体学生发出倡议，作一个题为"Toknow,Toparticipate"的宣讲，内容包括：1.保护文化遗产的意义；2.如何保护文化遗产的建议；注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。Dearfellowstudents,_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua九、第二节读后续写(满分25分)47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Mikeandhisyoungersister,Jane,livedwiththeirparentsinapoorcommunity.Theirmotherwassick.seriouslyandtheirfatherwasmakinggreateffortstofindajobtosupportthefamily,andtheyhadonlyalittlemoneywithwhichtobuyfood,letalonethearticlesofstudy.Oneday,MiketookJane'sdictionarytotheschool,yethelostitonthewayhomecarelessly.Itwasn'tuntilhegothomethatherealizedhehadlostthedictionary.Hewasfrightenedthathisparentswouldbered-cheekedwithrageandbrokenhearted,soheprayedhissistertomaintainsecrecy.Janeagreedandthetwodecidedtoborrowonefromtheirfriend.Jane'sschoolhourswereinthemorning,thereforeshewouldtakeitfirst.ShewouldhurrybackandgiveittoMikeafterschool.Thenhecouldruntohisschool,whichbeganintheafternoon.Theirparentsdidn'tnoticethatatallbuttheywerealwaysworriedaboutit.Accidentally,Mikeheardaboutalongdistanceracethatwasdesignedfortheboysinthecity.Whenhelearnedthatthethirdprizewasanewdictionary,hemadeuphismindtotakepart.Heranhomeexcitedlyandgavehiswordtohissisterthathewouldwinherthenewdictionary.Thedayofraceeventuallyarrived.Mikehadastrongstart,however,hefelttiredandwasgraduallyleftbehind.Gettingmoreandmoreexhausted,hethoughtonlyofJaneandhispromisetoher.Dreamingofthenewdictionaryhewouldwinforhissistergavehimstrength,andhetookcouragetokeepinstepwiththetwofastestrunners,determinedtofinishthird.Allofasudden,withthefinishlinedrawingnear,hefeltalittlebumpfrombehindandfelldowntotheground.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2,请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Paragraph1:Mikeraisedhisheadandfoundtheotherrunnersrunningatfullspeed._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:Fullofhappiness,Mikewenthomehurriedly._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案解析部分【答案】1．B2．A3．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍华盛顿特区作为一个充满活力的"戏剧之城"，并为其不同品位的观众推荐了几家最具代表性的表演艺术场所。

【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。1．细节理解题。根据KennedyCenter部分中的"KennedyCenterhostshundredsofworld-classperformanceseachyearandishometotheNationalSymphonyOrchestraandtheWashingtonNationalOpera.TheSuzanneFarrellBalletalsocountsKennedyCenterasitsperformanceheadquarters.Thecompany-underthedirectionofFarrell-wasfirstinvitedtoperformtherein1993andhassincebecomeoneofthevenue'smostfamousattractions."肯尼迪中心每年举办数百场世界级的演出，是国家交响乐团和华盛顿国家歌剧院的所在地。苏珊娜·法雷尔芭蕾舞团也将肯尼迪中心作为其演出总部。在法雷尔的指导下，该剧团于1993年首次受邀在那里演出，并从此成为该场地最著名的景点之一。可知，在肯尼迪中心可以欣赏高水平芭蕾舞表演。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据ShakespeareTheatreCompany部分中的"Formorethan25years,ShakespeareTheatreCompanyhascommitteditselftoservingasthenation'sclassicaltheatre.Itoperatesoutoftwospaces,includingSidneyHarmanHallattheHarmanCenter,whichseats775,andtheLansburghTheatre,whichseats451.Theshiny,glass-walledHarmanCentershowcasesclassicShakespeareplays,modernupdatesandShakespeare-inspiredoriginalshows."在超过25年的时间里，莎士比亚剧团一直致力于成为国家的古典剧院。它有两个空间，包括哈曼中心的西德尼·哈曼厅（SidneyHarmanHall），可容纳775人，以及兰斯堡剧院（LansburghTheatre），可容纳451人。闪亮的玻璃幕墙的哈曼中心（HarmanCenter）展示了经典的莎士比亚戏剧、现代更新版和莎士比亚启发的原创节目)"可知，该剧院致力于成为国家的古典剧院，它在两个场地运营，展示经典的莎士比亚戏剧、现代更新版和受莎士比亚启发的原创作品。可知，它集中提供国家经典剧目。故选A。3．细节理解题。根据WolfTrap部分中的"Forlocals,summerisn'tcompletewithoutatleastonetriptoWolfTrap,theonlynationalparkdedicatedtotheperformingarts.Thevenueisbest-knownforperformancesoftouringartists.Theopen-airtheatreofferscoveredseating,butwhentheweatherwarmsup,wesuggestbuyingseatsonthegrasslandandpackingapicnic."对当地人来说，不至少去一次WolfTrap国家公园是不完整的夏天，这是唯一一个致力于表演艺术的国家公园。这个场地以巡回艺术家的演出而闻名。露天剧场提供带顶棚的座位，但当天气变暖时，我们建议在草地上买座位并带上野餐的东西。可知，WolfTrap国家公园尽管有带顶棚的座位，但当天气变暖时，建议在草地上购买座位并准备野餐，因此它的特色在于露天氛围。故选C。【答案】4．B5．B6．C7．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了2024年夏季将在美国东南部和中西部出现的两种周期蝉（13年群和17年群）的罕见同期爆发事件，并在此基础上解释了周期蝉独特的生活习性、生存策略以及尚未被科学完全解开的生命周期计时机制。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和段落大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。4．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Thisyearmarksthefirsttimethetwobroodshaveappearedinthesameyearsince1803.Itwon'thappenagainforanother221years."今年是自1803年以来，这两窝蝉首次在同一年出现，下一次这种情况要再过221年才会发生。可知，这两窝蝉自1803年以来首次在同一年出现，且下一次这种情况要再过221年才会发生，这是它们不同寻常的地方。故选B。5．段落大意题。根据第三段中的"Shapedlikesmallcandybarswithtransparentwings,cicadasmakeupmorethan3,000species.Femalestypicallylayeggsintreebranches,andafterafewmonths,theyoungcicadashatchandhideunderground.Theyfeedonliquidsfromtreerootsandresurfaceoncematuretolaytheireggs.Theytunnelfromunderground,molt(蜕皮)aftertheycomeout,andthenstartsearchingforamate."蝉形似带透明翅膀的小长条糖果，种类超过3000种。雌蝉通常在树枝上产卵，几个月后，幼蝉孵化并潜入地下。它们以树根部的汁液为食，成熟后便会再次钻出地面产卵。它们从地下钻出，出来后蜕皮，然后开始寻找配偶。可知，第三段主要讲述了蝉从雌蝉产卵，到幼蝉孵化后潜入地下以树根部汁液为食，成熟后钻出地面蜕皮、寻找配偶、交配、雌蝉产卵，然后新的周期又开始；可推知，第三段主要给我们展示了蝉的生命周期。故选B。6．细节理解题。根据第四段中的"Scientistshavetheorizedthatbycomingoutinlargenumbersallatonce,cicadasmakeitharderforpredatorstoconsumethemall,increasingthechancesofsurvivalforindividualsandthecontinuityoftheirspecies."科学家推测，蝉一次性大量涌现，会使捕食者难以将它们全部吃掉，从而增加个体生存几率以及物种延续的可能性。可知，科学家推测蝉大量出现是为了让捕食者难以将它们全部吃掉，从而增加个体生存几率以及物种延续的可能性，即确保它们物种的生存。故选C。7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"Researchersalsothinktheyunderstandhowcicadasknowwhenanotheryearhaspassed-thetreetheydrinkgetsricherinaminoacidsonceayearwhenitblossoms.However,theydon'tknowexactlyhowcicadastrackthischangeinaminoacidlevels."研究人员还认为他们了解蝉是如何感知一年时间的流逝——它们所吸食汁液的树木，每年开花时氨基酸含量会增加。然而，他们并不清楚蝉究竟是如何追踪氨基酸水平变化的。可知，研究人员认为蝉可能是通过感知树木中某种氨基酸的变化来判断时间的流逝。故选D。【答案】8．A9．A10．D11．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了隐喻不仅仅是修辞手法，它通过塑造我们对抽象概念的理解方式，深刻地影响着我们的思维、推理甚至行为。因此，我们有责任审慎选择所使用的隐喻。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文学类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。8．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"AstudyconductedatPurchaseCollegefoundthatmetaphorscanframepeople'sperspectives,thusshapingtheirreasoningandsubsequentactions."PurchaseCollege进行的一项研究发现，隐喻可以塑造人们的视角，从而塑造他们的推理和随后的行动。可知，研究发现隐喻可以塑造人们的思维和行为。故选A。9．词义猜测题。根据第三段"Anotherexampleisthelightbulb(灯泡)metaphorcommonlyusedtodescribenewideas,suggestingthatnewthoughtsappearsuddenlylikealightswitchbeingturnedon.However,thismetaphorimpliesthatnewideascomeeffortlesslyandareaccessibleonlytoafewgeniuses,suchasIsaacNewton,whosupposedlydevelopedhistheoryofgravityfromasuddeninsightaboutafallingapple.Itmayleadpeopletoquestiontheircapabilitytogeneratenewsideas,andasabehavioralconsequence,peoplemayunderestimatetheroleofhardworkandcontinuouslearninginbringingaboutchange."另一个例子是灯泡比喻，通常用于描述新想法，表明新想法突然出现，就像电灯开关被打开一样。然而，这个比喻意味着新想法毫不费力地出现，只有少数天才才能获得，比如艾萨克·牛顿，他被认为是从突然发现一个掉落的苹果中发展出他的引力理论的。这可能会导致人们质疑自己产生新想法的能力，作为一种行为后果，人们可能会overlook努力工作和持续学习在带来变革方面的作用。可知，作者在本段阐述灯泡比喻，利用牛顿的例子来表达灯泡比喻会使人过分强调天赋、对自己的能力产生质疑，相应地对勤奋努力的价值则有所忽视、低估。可推断画线词overlook是"低估，忽视"之意。故选A。10．细节理解题。根据第四段中的"Differentfromthelightbulbmetaphor,theseedmetaphorimpliesanunderstandingthatgeneratingnewideasisalaboriousprocess,whichrequirestimeandeffort.Italsosuggeststhatanybodycanbethecultivatorofideasaslongastheyputtheirmindtoit."与灯泡的比喻不同，种子的比喻暗示了一种理解，即产生新的想法是一个艰苦的过程，需要时间和精力。它还表明，任何人都可以成为思想的培养者，只要他们用心去做。可知，一个种子培育成长需要长期的关注和养护，种子比喻的显著特征是它表明个人的持续努力。所以说种子隐喻与灯泡隐喻不同之处在于它暗示个人需要持续的努力。故选D。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"Theeffectsofmetaphorsshowhowpowerfullanguagecanbe,eventhoughweoftendon'trealizeit.Who'dhavethoughtasimpleuseofalightbulbmetaphorcouldaffecthowweunderstandtheconceptofinnovation?Giventhenatureofourmetaphoricalminds,itisworthasking:areourmetaphorssuitable?Weoweittoourselvesandotherstousemetaphorsappropriately.Thesechoices—consciousornot—canbeconstructiveordestructive."隐喻的影响显示了语言的强大力量，尽管我们常常没有意识到这一点。谁会想到一个简单的灯泡隐喻会深刻地影响我们对创新概念的理解？鉴于我们思维的隐喻性，值得一问的是：我们的隐喻是否合适？我们有责任对自己和他人适当地使用隐喻。这些选择，无论是有意识还是无意识的，都可能是建设性的或破坏性的。可知，作者对隐喻的使用持小心谨慎的态度，认为应该恰当地使用隐喻，因为无论是有意识还是无意识的，隐喻都可能是建设性的或破坏性的。故选B。【答案】12．A13．D14．B15．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，阐述"敬畏"体验的起源、特征，并重点论证其对个人（尤其是儿童）和社会产生的积极影响。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，段落大意和标题归纳四个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。12．段落大意题。根据第一段"Awe(敬畏)experiencesaretypicallyconnectedwiththeperception(感知)ofsomethingincrediblyvastorpowerful.Theseareoftenrelatedwithnature-suchaslookingatabroadviewofmountainsorupatthebillionsofstarsinthenightsky.‘Aweisthefeelingofbeinginthepresenceofsomethingvastthatgoesbeyondyourunderstandingoftheworld,'saidDacherKeltner,apsychologistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley."敬畏体验通常与对极其宏大或强大事物的感知相关联。这些体验往往与自然有关，比如眺望连绵群山的壮阔景色，或是仰望夜空中数十亿颗繁星。加州大学伯克利分校的心理学家DacherKeltner表示："敬畏是一种置身于宏大事物面前，而该事物超出你对世界认知的感觉。"可知，第一段主要讲述了敬畏体验通常与对某种巨大或强大的事物的感知有关，并引用了加州大学伯克利分校的心理学家DacherKeltner的话，对敬畏进行了定义。因此，该段主要讲述的是敬畏体验的定义。故选A。13．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Whenexposedtoawe-inspiringvisuals,suchasvastnaturalscenesornaturaldisasters,childrenfeela‘smallself'comparedtotheirfeelingsafterviewingeverydaynatureimagery,whichmakesthemmoremotivatedtoexplorethingsthatinterest