2025年广东中考英语语法精讲精练之名词（含答案）

2025年广东中考英语语法精讲精练之名词（含答案）名词

教学目标：★★★★☆☆学生能正确识别并灵活运用名词做出题目。

问题层级图

目标层级图

一、识别什么是名词

Ilikeapples.

Thatisadeskwithmanybooksonit.

Howistheweatherthere

TomandLilyarereadingloudly.

Thebridgeismadeofwood.

TheGreatWallisveryfamous.

总结

表示____________________的名称的词叫做名词。

KEYS:人；事物；地点；抽象概念

Knowledgeispower.

Idon’tknowhername.

WatershortageisstillthebiggestprobleminwesternChina.

Thisismyfriend,Della.

Iwanttobuyapairofsportsshoes.

总结

以上句子中__________________________________________________

KEYS:knowledge;power;name;water;shortage;problem;China;friend;Della;shoe.

二、正确运用名词的数

Ihaveanapple.

Ihavetwoapples.

I’dlikesometea.

I’dliketwocupsoftea.

总结

名词分为_____和_____名词，_____有复数形式的变换。

KEYS:可数名词；不可数；可数名词

可数名词规则复数形式的构成

Therearemanydesksintheclassroom.

Theyarebrothers.

总结

一般直接在词尾加_____

KEY:s

Howbeautifularetheboxes!

Ourgradehas8classes.

Ibought2watches,theotherisformysister.

Momhastopreparethedishes.

总结

词尾以____________________等的名词后加_____.

KEYS:-x;-s;-ch;-sh；-es

练习

Therearesome_____(watch)onthetable.

Pleasegivemetwo_____(glass)ofwatertoLilyandhermother.

The_____(path)divergeintheyellowwood.

The_____(youth)areplayingbasketballthere.

KEYS:watches;glasses;paths;youth

Iliketoeatpotatoes.

Iwouldliketomatoesfordinner.

Shetakesalotofphotosonhervacation.

ThereareplentyofheroesintheChinesehistory.

总结

以_____结尾的词中，有生命的加_____,无生命的加_____

KEYS:-o;-es;s

练习

Iwouldlikesome_____(tomato)forlunch.

Iwanttobuytwo_____(watch)

KEYS:tomatoes,watches.

TherearemanythievesintheChunXiRoad.

Leavesfalldownduringautumn.

Youcanuseallkindsofknivestomakeameal.

总结

以_____或_____结尾的名词，大多数变_____为_____.

KEYS:-f;-fe;-f或-fe;-ves

Howcutearethebabies!

Lookattheboys!Theyareplayingbasketball!

总结

以辅音字母加-y结尾的词，把_____变为_____,再加_____

以元音字母加-y结尾的词，_____.

KEYS:-y;-i;-es;-s

不规则复数形式

表示国籍的单词Chinese-ChineseJapanese-JapaneseEnglishman-Englishmen

Frenchman-FrenchmenGerman-Germans

口诀：中日不变英法变，其他s加后面。

2.单复数同形的单词sheep-sheepmeans-means

head-headspecies-species

3.单词特殊的复数形式foot-feettooth-teeth

woman-womenchild-children

特殊的复数形式

Therearemanygoodsintheshoppingmall.

Peoplewouldliketospendholidayswiththeirfamilies.

总结

__________等这些集体名词表示复数意义，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

KEYS:goods;people

Thefamilyislivinginthetown.

Thefamiliesarehavinglunch.

总结

family等集体名词侧重_____时表示单数意义,谓语动词用_____,侧重_____时表示复数意义，谓语动词用_____.

KEYS:整体；单数；整体中的成员；复数。

Therearetwomendoctorsintheoperatingroom.

总结

___________做定语修饰的名词变成复数时，__________和后面的名词都需要变成复数形式。

KEYS:man;woman;man;woman

Theyaretheolds’daughters-in-law.

Twoeditors-in-chiefarecoming.

总结

中间有连字符或间隔的合成名词将其中主要的词变成_____.

KEY:复数

Thereisapersonontheground.

Therearethreepeople/personsontheground.

总结

People只能表示_____,表示一个人的时候只能用_____

KEYS:复数；aperson

不可数名词

找一找哪些是不可数名词

cotton

tomato

foodbread

potatophoto

meat

porkdeskmilkwaterchairmoney

informationadvice

KEYS:cotton棉花food食品

meat肉

pork猪肉

milk牛奶

water水

money钱information信息advice信息

Thereisawindwentby.

Theremustbeaheavyrainsoon.

总结

有些物质名词在表达__________等个体概念时，是可数名词。

KEYS:一场；一份

拓展

waters大片水域woods森林foods各种各样的食品

peoples民族

acomfort/joy/failure/pity/regret/beauty/danger/honour/pleasure/shame/success/shock/surprise

表示具体的人或事物，即某种人或事。

HowIwishtobeaNewton.

ADellaisaskingyou.

总结

专有名词有时也可用作_____

KEY:可数名词

三、正确运用名词的格

ThisisJohn’scar.

It’sagirls’school.

BeijingisthecapitalofChina.

Theyareseveralfriendsofmine.

总结

名词所有格是表示_____的一种形式，以上有__________两种形式。

KEYS:所属关系；-’s所有格；of所有格

名词所有格的构成

ThisisBob’sbackpack.

Dick’sfavoritestarisJames.

总结

一般情况下是直接加_____

KEY:’s

Youshouldobeyyourboss’order.

TheUnitedStates’policyischanging.

It’salmosttwohours’walk.

总结

以_____或_____结尾的名词只加_____.

KEYS:-s;-es;’

Theyaremymother’sandmyfather’sfriends.

TomandHenry’sroomfacessouth.

总结

表示各自拥有某件东西时，_____;表示共同拥有某件东西时，_____

KEYS:每个名词都要用所有格形式；最后一个名词加’s

练习

1.Thisis_____desk.

A.LilyandTom’s

B.Lily’sandTom’s

2.Thereare_____desks.

A.LilyandTom’s

B.Lily’sandTom’s

KEYS:AB

BeijingisthecapitalofChina.

Thelifeofthepooristhebiggestprobleminthiscountry.

练习

翻译：1.这个房间的窗户朝着南方。

_____________

2.这栋房子的主人是老亨利。

_____________.

KEYS:1.Thewindowofthehousefacessouth.

TheownerofthehouseisOldHenry.

总结

of所有格的构成：_____+_____+_____.

KEYS:名词；of;名词

Sheisacousinofmyfather’s.

Lilyisafriendofours.

总结

如果第一个名词前有表示不确指的数量的词，例如a,several；第二个名词明确限定指人的时候用双重所有格。双重所有格的构成：_____+_____+_____或_____+_____+_____

KEYS:名词；of;-’s名词所有格；名词；of;名词性物主代词

练习

1.Dellais_____.

A.afriendofmy

B.afriendofme

C.afriendofmine

D.friendofmyfriend

2．Lilyis_____.

A.asisterofme

B.asisterofmineC.asisterofmyC.asisterofmysister’s

KEYS:CB

拓展

Ofone’sown也是一种双重所有格，后不能再接名词。

Eg:Thisisacarofmyown.

四、名词的修饰语

Thereareafewpeopleoutsideinthecoldnight.

Anumberofstudentsareplayingbasketball.

Thereislittlemilkleft.

Someworkersarebusyrepairingit.

I’dlikesometea.

总结

表示_____的词可以修饰名词。

KEY:数量

修饰可数名词：

Therearefewtomatoesleft.

Don’tworry.Therearestillafew.

Thereislittlemilkleft.

Don’tworry.Thereisstillalittle.

总结

修饰可数名词的是__________;修饰不可数名词的是__________

其中表示肯定意义的是__________;意思为_____

其中表示否定意义的是__________;意思为_____.

KEYS:few;afew;little;alittle;afew;alittle;有一点儿；few;little几乎没有

Therearemanybooksinthebookcase

Agoodmany/Anumberofstudentsareplayingsoccer.

Several/Acoupleofgirlsarecoming.

总结

_________________________修饰_____

KEYS:many;agoodmany;anumberof;several;acoupleof;可数名词复数

There’smuchmeatleftafterthebarbecue.

Agreatdealof/Alargeamountofgashasbeenreleasedduringtheaccident.

Iwouldliketoaddabitofsugar.

总结

____________________修饰_____

KEYS:much;agreatdealof;alargeamountof;abitof;不可数名词

Iwouldlikesometea.

Iwanttobuysomebooks.

Therearealotof/lotsof/plentyof/enoughvegetablesleft.

Therearealotof/lotsof/plentyof/enoughwaterleft.

总结

_________________________既可修饰可数名词还可修饰不可数名词。

KEYS:some;alotof;lotsof;plentyof;enough

Thisisapieceofchalk.

Iboughtapoundofmeat.

I’dlikealoafofchocolate.

总结

名词还可以用_____修饰

KEY:量词

拓展

Apieceof

ameterof

aboxofacupof

abarof

afitof一阵

Acrowdof

agroupof

ateamof

练习

Thereare

____cakesonthetable.

apieceofB.twopieceofC.twopiecesofD.twopieces

2.Grandpabought_____cattlelastyear.

A.aheadB.twoheadsof

C.twoheads

D.twoheadof

KEYS:CD

Itisastonetable.

Sheisaprettygirl.

Thepeoplethereareverynice.

Ilikethegirlinredclothes.

Iwanttobuyanotebookwhosecoverisred.

总结

名词可以由_________________________修饰。

KEYS:名词；形容词；副词；介词短语；从句

五、学会灵活运用名词做出题目

1.—Youlookverytiredthismorning.Whatdidyoudoyesterdayafternoon

—IdidChristmasshopping.

A.alotofB.afewofC.anumberofD.apieceof

2.—Whydoyougetupsoearlyinthemorning,Tracy？

—Igenerallymakeita

tobeupby7toreadEnglish.

A.planB.wishC.secret

D.rule

3.—Dothedishes,Mike,orIwilltellmum!

—Mindyourown

,Sue!

A.actionB.dutyC.businessD.way

4.Theletterfrommyunclewasshort.Therewasn'tnews.

A.manyB.afewC.much

D.few

5.---Whydidn’tyoutakeataxibacklastnight

---BecauseIdidn’thaveany______withme.

A.foodB.bicycle

C.friend

D.money

KEYS:ADCCD

6.Johnalwayssaysthathelikesapplesofallthe______.

A.vegetables

B.fruits

C.drinks

7.---Youlookworried.What’syour______

---IhavetroublelearningEnglish.

A.nameB.questionC.problemD.job

8.---Oh,myGod!Wehavemissedthelastbus.Whatshallwedo

---I’mafraidwehaveno______buttotakeataxi.

A.choiceB.decisionC.reasonD.information

9.Ilike__

alot,andmymotherusuallycooksitindifferentways.

A.fish

B.butter

C.potatoesD.noodles

10.---Inmyopinion,Chinahasmore______todealwiththediseaseofH1N1.

---Iquiteagreewithyou.Chinesemedicineworkswell.

A.advantagesB.interestsC.equipmentsD.materials

KEYS:BCAAA

11.—It’ssaidthatyouhavemovedintoanewhouse.

—Yeah，andweneedtobuysomeinthemallnearby.

A.food

B.furniture

C.hamburger

12.Allthe_______teachersenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8th,becauseitwastheirownholiday.

A.man

B.men

C.woman

D.women

13.—Emma,whoareyoutaking_________ofathome

—Mygrandma,shegothurtinanaccident.

A.placeB.part

C.seat

D.care

14.---HowcanIseethicksnowinmostnorthernpartsofChina

---Youhavetowaittill______comes,Steve.

A.summer

B.autumn

C.winter

15.Let’sgetsome______abouttourismontheInternet.

A.informationB.messageC.invention

KEYS:BDDCA

16._______theteachersintheirschoolisabout200andonefourthofthemare______teachers.

A.Anumberof;women

B.Anumberof;woman

C.Thenumberof;womenD.Thenumberof;woman

17.Mikeandhisfriendaregoingtothe______toseethenewactionmovietonight.

A.bookshop

B.restaurantC.concert

D.cinema

18.---Shallwegoshoppingnow

---Sorry.It’snottheright________.I’mtootired.

A.way

B.weather

C.placeD.moment

19.---I’mafraidIcan’tgettherebefore9o’clock.

---That’sOK.There’s__________.

A.nowayB.nowonder

C.nodoubt

D.nohurry

20.---Whatmakesyousoupset

---IwantedtoexplainwhyIwaslate,butMr.Whitedidn’tgivemea(n)______.

A.way

B.chance

C.idea

D.excuse

KEYS:CDDDB

21.Weneedtocomeupwitha/an______andmakeadecisionatonce.

A.informationB.adviceC.ideaD.news

22Lookattheflowers!Theyareindifferent_______:red,yellow,pink…

A.colors

B.sizes

C.prices

D.names

23.–I’dlike__________grapesandpears.

–Oh,Ionlyneed_________orangejuice.

A.some;afew_________B.afew;some

C.alittle;few_________

D.alittle;afew

24.—Whatwouldyouliketodrink

—__________,please.

A.RiceB.Meat

C.WaterD.Bread

25.---Youlookveryyoung,Mrs.Green.Couldyoutellmehowoldyoua