全国托福阅读专项练习题库及参考答案

全国托福阅读专项练习题库及参考答案考试时长：120分钟满分：100分全国托福阅读专项练习题库及参考答案考核对象：托福考试备考者题型分值分布：-判断题（10题，每题2分）——总分20分-单选题（10题，每题2分）——总分20分-多选题（10题，每题2分）——总分20分-案例分析（3题，每题6分）——总分18分-论述题（2题，每题11分）——总分22分总分：100分---###一、判断题（每题2分，共20分）1.ThepassagementionsthatthemainpurposeoftheancientcityofMachuPicchuwasforreligiousceremonies.2.Accordingtothepassage,theIncaEmpiredidnothaveawrittenlanguage.3.TheauthorsuggeststhatthedeclineoftheIncaEmpirewasprimarilyduetoSpanishdiseases.4.ThepassagestatesthatMachuPicchuwasbuiltduringtheheightoftheIncaEmpire.5.TheauthorimpliesthatmodernarchaeologistshavenotfullyexploredMachuPicchu.6.ThepassagedescribesthegeographicallocationofMachuPicchuasbeinginaremotemountainregion.7.TheIncaEmpireisnotedforitsadvancedagriculturaltechniquesinthepassage.8.TheauthormentionsthattheSpanishconquistadorsweretheonlyoneswhoknewaboutMachuPicchubeforethe20thcentury.9.ThepassagediscussesthearchitecturalstyleofMachuPicchu,emphasizingitsuniquestonework.10.TheauthorconcludesthatMachuPicchuwasabandonedduetonaturaldisasters.---###二、单选题（每题2分，共20分）1.WhatwastheprimaryreasonforthedeclineoftheIncaEmpire?A.CivilwarsamongIncaleadersB.SpanishdiseasesandmilitaryconquestsC.EnvironmentaldegradationandfamineD.Tradedisruptionswithneighboringtribes2.WhereisMachuPicchulocated?A.IntheAmazonrainforestB.Onthecoastofmodern-dayPeruC.IntheAndesMountainsD.InthedesertofEgypt3.WhatwasthemainpurposeofMachuPicchuaccordingtothepassage?A.AmilitarystrongholdB.AreligiousandadministrativecenterC.AtradehubD.Aresidentialareafortheemperor4.HowdidtheSpanishdiscoverMachuPicchu?A.Theyfounditabandonedandexploredit.B.Indigenouspeopleledthemthere.C.ItwasneverdiscoveredbytheSpanish.D.Itwasrevealedthroughsatelliteimagery.5.WhatisthearchitecturalstyleofMachuPicchu?A.BrickandmortarconstructionB.WoodandthatchbuildingsC.StonemasonrywithoutmortarD.Modernconcretestructures6.WhatwasthesignificanceoftheIncaroadsystem?A.Itwasusedonlyformilitarypurposes.B.Itconnectedmajorcitiesandfacilitatedtrade.C.Itwasbuiltforreligiouspilgrimages.D.Itwasdesignedforagriculturaltransportation.7.WhatdidtheSpanishbringtotheIncaEmpirethatcontributedtoitsdecline?A.NewfarmingtechniquesB.AdvancedweaponsC.DiseaseslikesmallpoxD.Bettertradepartners8.HowdidarchaeologistslearnaboutMachuPicchu?A.Itwasmentionedinancienttexts.B.HiramBinghamrediscovereditin1911.C.Itwasfoundduringaminingoperation.D.Itwasrevealedthroughgeneticstudies.9.WhatisthecurrentstatusofMachuPicchu?A.ItisatouristattractionandUNESCOsite.B.Itisaprivateproperty.C.Itisstillusedforreligiousceremonies.D.IthasbeenrebuiltbythePeruviangovernment.10.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttheIncaEmpire?A.Itwasashort-livedcivilization.B.Itwashighlyadvancedintechnology.C.Itwasisolatedfromothercultures.D.Itwasprimarilyfocusedonmilitaryexpansion.---###三、多选题（每题2分，共20分）1.WhatarethereasonsforMachuPicchu'sdecline?A.SpanishconquestB.NaturaldisastersC.EconomiccollapseD.Lackofwrittenrecords2.WhatfeaturesmakeMachuPicchuunique?A.ItslocationintheAndesB.ItsstonemasonrywithoutmortarC.ItsreligioussignificanceD.Itsadvancedurbanplanning3.WhatdidtheIncaEmpireachieve?A.AvastroadsystemB.AdvancedagriculturaltechniquesC.AunifiedempirewithoutawrittenlanguageD.Extensivetradenetworks4.WhatchallengesdoarchaeologistsfacewhenstudyingMachuPicchu?A.ItsremotelocationB.PreservationissuesC.LimitedhistoricalrecordsD.Modernlooting5.WhatdidtheSpanishcontributetotheIncaEmpire?A.DiseaseslikesmallpoxB.NewfarmingmethodsC.AdvancedweaponryD.Religiousconversion6.WhatistheimportanceofMachuPicchutoday?A.Itisatouristdestination.B.ItisaUNESCOWorldHeritagesite.C.Itisasourceofarchaeologicalresearch.D.Itisareligiouscenterforindigenouspeople.7.WhatwerethekeyaspectsofIncasociety?A.SocialhierarchyB.AgriculturalinnovationC.RoadconstructionD.Religiouspractices8.WhatarethemethodsusedbyarchaeologiststostudyMachuPicchu?A.ExcavationsB.SatelliteimageryC.CarbondatingD.Oralhistories9.WhatarethechallengesofpreservingMachuPicchu?A.WeatheringB.TourismimpactC.LootingD.Modernconstructionnearby10.WhatdoesthestudyofMachuPicchurevealabouttheIncaEmpire?A.ItstechnologicaladvancementsB.ItssocialstructureC.ItsreligiousbeliefsD.Itsdeclineandfall---###四、案例分析（每题6分，共18分）1.CaseStudy:TheDeclineoftheIncaEmpireTheIncaEmpire,knownforitsadvancedcivilization,collapsedrapidlyaftertheSpanishconquestinthe16thcentury.TheSpanishbroughtdiseaseslikesmallpox,whichwipedoutasignificantportionofthepopulation.Additionally,theSpanishconqueredtheempire'scapital,Cusco,anddisrupteditstradenetworks.Theempiredidnothaveawrittenlanguage,makingitdifficulttorecorditshistoryandadapttotheSpanishinvasion.DescribethekeyfactorsthatledtothedeclineoftheIncaEmpire.2.CaseStudy:MachuPicchu'sRediscoveryMachuPicchu,anancientIncacity,wasabandonedaroundthe16thcenturyandremainedhiddenuntilHiramBinghamrediscovereditin1911.ThecityislocatedhighintheAndesMountainsandwasbuiltduringtheheightoftheIncaEmpire.ArchaeologistshavestudiedMachuPicchuextensively,uncoveringitsarchitecturalmarvelsandunderstandingitsreligiousandadministrativefunctions.DiscussthesignificanceofMachuPicchu'srediscoveryandwhatitrevealsabouttheIncacivilization.3.CaseStudy:IncaAgriculturalTechniquesTheIncaEmpiredevelopedadvancedagriculturaltechniquestosustainitspopulationinthechallengingAndeanenvironment.Theybuiltterracestomaximizearableland,usedirrigationsystems,andgrewavarietyofcropslikepotatoesandquinoa.ThesetechniquesallowedtheIncatothriveinanareawithsteepmountainsandharshclimateconditions.ExplainhowIncaagriculturalpracticescontributedtotheempire'ssuccessandwhatlessonsmodernagriculturecanlearnfromthem.---###五、论述题（每题11分，共22分）1.DiscussthesignificanceofMachuPicchuinmoderntimes.ProvideananalysisofwhyMachuPicchuisconsideredaUNESCOWorldHeritagesite,itsroleasatouristdestination,anditsimportanceinarchaeologicalresearch.IncludeexamplesofhowMachuPicchuhasinfluencedmoderncultureandtourism.2.ExplainthechallengesandmethodsusedinpreservingMachuPicchu.Describetheenvironmental,cultural,andeconomicchallengesfacedinpreservingMachuPicchu.Discussthemethodsusedbyarchaeologistsandconservationiststoprotectthesite,suchastourismmanagement,restorationefforts,andresearchinitiatives.Provideexamplesofsuccessfulpreservationstrategiesandtheirimpact.---###标准答案及解析####一、判断题1.×(MachuPicchuwasprimarilyareligiousandadministrativecenter.)2.×(TheIncaEmpireusedquipus,asystemofknottedstrings,forrecord-keeping.)3.√(Diseaseslikesmallpoxwereamajorfactorintheempire'sdecline.)4.√(MachuPicchuwasbuiltduringtheheightoftheIncaEmpire.)5.√(ArchaeologistsarestilldiscoveringnewaspectsofMachuPicchu.)6.√(MachuPicchuislocatedintheAndesMountains.)7.√(TheIncaEmpirewasknownforitsadvancedagriculturaltechniques.)8.×(MachuPicchuwasknowntoindigenouspeoplebeforetheSpanish.)9.√(MachuPicchu'sstonemasonryisunique.)10.×(TheSpanishconquestanddiseaseswereprimaryreasonsforitsdecline.)####二、单选题1.B2.C3.B4.A5.C6.B7.C8.B9.A10.B####三、多选题1.A,B,C2.A,B,C,D3.A,B,C,D4.A,B,C,D5.A,C,D6.A,B,C,D7.A,B,C,D8.A,B,C,D9.A,B,C,D10.A,B,C,D####四、案例分析1.TheDeclineoftheIncaEmpire-Diseases:Smallpoxandotherdiseaseskilledalargeportionofthepopulation.-SpanishConquest:TheSpanishmilitaryandweaponryoverwhelmedtheIncaforces.-DisruptionofTrade:TheSpanishdisruptedtheempire'stradenetworks,weakeningitseconomy.-LackofWrittenLanguage:Theabsenceofawrittenlanguagemadeitdifficulttorecordhistoryandadapttotheinvasion.2.MachuPicchu'sRediscovery-Significance:MachuPicchuisasymbolofIncacivilizationandarchitecturalprowess.-ArchaeologicalInsights:ItrevealstheInca'sadvancedurbanplanningandreligiouspractices.-TourismImpact:Itattractsmillio