2026年托福考试阅读理解试题及答案

2026年托福考试阅读理解试题及答案考试时长：120分钟满分：100分试卷名称：2026年托福考试阅读理解试题及答案考核对象：托福考试备考者题型分值分布：-判断题（总共10题，每题2分）总分20分-单选题（总共10题，每题2分）总分20分-多选题（总共10题，每题2分）总分20分-案例分析（总共3题，每题6分）总分18分-论述题（总共2题，每题11分）总分22分总分：100分---一、判断题（每题2分，共20分）请判断下列陈述是否正确，正确填“T”，错误填“F”。1.ThereadingpassagementionsthatthemainpurposeoftheancientcityofMachuPicchuwasforreligiousceremonies.2.Accordingtothepassage,allIncaroadswerebuiltusingstonematerials.3.TheauthorsuggeststhatmodernarchaeologistsrelysolelyonwrittenrecordstostudytheIncacivilization.4.ThepassageindicatesthattheIncaEmpiredidnothaveawrittenlanguagebeforetheSpanishconquest.5.ItisstatedinthepassagethattheIncaeconomywasbasedprimarilyonagriculture.6.TheauthorbelievesthatthedeclineoftheIncaEmpirewasmainlycausedbyinternalconflicts.7.ThepassagementionsthattheSpanishintroducedhorsestotheIncaEmpire,whichsignificantlyimpactedtheirtransportationsystem.8.Accordingtothepassage,theIncaarchitecturewasinfluencedbytheirreligiousbeliefs.9.TheauthornotesthattheIncaEmpiredidnothaveacentralizedgovernment.10.ThepassagesuggeststhattheIncacivilizationwascompletelydestroyedbytheSpanishconquest.二、单选题（每题2分，共20分）请选择最符合题意的选项。1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?A.Tocriticizemodernarchaeologicalmethods.B.TodescribethegeographicalfeaturesoftheIncaEmpire.C.ToexplainthereasonsforthedeclineoftheIncaEmpire.D.TohighlighttheachievementsoftheIncacivilization.2.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasthemaintransportationmethodusedbytheIncas?A.HorsesB.RoadsC.BoatsD.Airships3.ThepassageimpliesthattheIncaEmpire’seconomywasprimarilybasedon:A.Tradewithothercivilizations.B.Agriculturalproduction.C.Miningforpreciousmetals.D.Militaryconquests.4.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttheIncareligion?A.ItwassimilartomodernChristianity.B.Itwascenteredaroundtheworshipofthesun.C.IthadnoinfluenceonIncaarchitecture.D.Itwaspracticedonlybytheelite.5.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasoneofthemajorchallengesfacedbytheSpanishduringtheirconquestoftheIncaEmpire?A.Thelackofwrittenrecords.B.TheIncas’advancedmilitarytechnology.C.TheIncas’strongreligiousbeliefs.D.ThegeographicalbarriersoftheAndesMountains.6.ThepassagementionsthattheIncaroadswere:A.Builtonlyformilitarypurposes.B.Madeentirelyofstone.C.Usedprimarilyfortradeandcommunication.D.Designedtopreventthespreadofdiseases.7.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttheIncagovernment?A.Itwasademocracy.B.Itwasruledbyasingleemperor.C.Ithadnoformalstructure.D.Itwasbasedonhereditarysuccession.8.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasoneofthereasonsforthedeclineoftheIncaEmpire?A.Aseveredrought.B.Theintroductionofnewdiseases.C.TheIncas’lackofwrittenlanguage.D.TheSpanish’ssuperiormilitarytactics.9.ThepassageimpliesthattheIncaarchitecturewas:A.Primitiveandunsophisticated.B.Influencedbyreligiousbeliefs.C.DesignedtomimicEuropeanstyles.D.Builtonlyfordefensivepurposes.10.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthelegacyoftheIncacivilization?A.Ithadnolastingimpactonmodernsocieties.B.Itinfluencedthedevelopmentofmodernroadsandarchitecture.C.Itwascompletelyforgottenbyhistorians.D.ItwasreplacedbySpanishculturalpractices.三、多选题（每题2分，共20分）请选择所有符合题意的选项。1.Accordingtothepassage,whatweresomeoftheachievementsoftheIncaEmpire?A.Advancedroadsystems.B.Monumentalarchitecture.C.Acentralizedgovernment.D.Awrittenlanguage.2.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttheSpanishconquestoftheIncaEmpire?A.Itwasaquickandeasyvictory.B.Itwasinfluencedbyreligiousmotives.C.ItledtothedeclineoftheIncacivilization.D.ItwasmetwithstrongresistancefromtheIncas.3.ThepassagementionsthattheIncaeconomywasbasedon:A.Agriculture.B.Trade.C.Mining.D.Militaryconquests.4.Accordingtothepassage,whatweresomeofthechallengesfacedbytheIncas?A.Naturaldisasters.B.Lackofwrittenrecords.C.Internalconflicts.D.Limitedtechnologicaladvancements.5.ThepassagesuggeststhattheIncareligionwas:A.Polytheistic.B.Centeredaroundtheworshipofthesun.C.Influencedbytheirarchitecture.D.Practicedbyallmembersofsociety.6.WhatdoesthepassageindicateabouttheIncaroads?A.Theywerebuiltusingstonematerials.B.Theywereusedfortradeandcommunication.C.Theyweredesignedtoconnectdifferentregionsoftheempire.D.Theywerebuiltonlyformilitarypurposes.7.Accordingtothepassage,whatweresomeofthereasonsforthedeclineoftheIncaEmpire?A.Theintroductionofnewdiseases.B.Internalconflicts.C.TheSpanishconquest.D.Aseveredrought.8.ThepassageimpliesthattheIncaarchitecturewas:A.Influencedbyreligiousbeliefs.B.Designedtobeearthquake-resistant.C.Builtusingadvancedengineeringtechniques.D.Primarilymadeofstone.9.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttheSpanishduringtheirconquestoftheIncaEmpire?A.Theyhadsuperiormilitarytechnology.B.Theyweremotivatedbyreligiousreasons.C.TheyfacedsignificantchallengesfromtheIncas.D.Theywerecompletelyunpreparedfortheconquest.10.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasthelegacyoftheIncacivilization?A.Itinfluencedmodernarchitecture.B.Ithadnolastingimpactonothercivilizations.C.Itwascompletelyforgottenbyhistorians.D.Itledtothedevelopmentofnewtraderoutes.四、案例分析（每题6分，共18分）1.AmodernarchaeologistisstudyingtheremainsofanIncacity.Describehowthepassagesuggeststhearchaeologistmightusewrittenrecords,oraltraditions,andphysicalevidencetounderstandthecity’spurposeandsignificance.2.ThepassagementionsthattheIncaroadswereanimportantpartoftheircivilization.ExplainhowtheseroadscontributedtotheIncaeconomyandhowtheymighthavebeenusedfortradeandcommunication.3.ThepassagediscussesthedeclineoftheIncaEmpire.DescribethemainreasonsforitsdeclineandhowtheSpanishconquestplayedaroleinthisprocess.五、论述题（每题11分，共22分）1.DiscusstheachievementsoftheIncaEmpireandhowtheycontributedtoitslegacy.Provideexamplesfromthepassagetosupportyouranswer.2.AnalyzetheimpactoftheSpanishconquestontheIncaEmpire.ExplainhowtheSpanishintroducednewtechnologies,diseases,andculturalpracticesthataffectedtheIncas.---标准答案及解析一、判断题1.T2.F（部分道路使用土坯）3.F（现代考古学家结合多种方法）4.T5.T6.F（外部因素如疾病和西班牙征服）7.T8.T9.F（有中央集权政府）10.F（部分遗址被保存）解析：1.正确，文章提到马丘比丘是宗教中心。2.错误，部分道路使用土坯。3.错误，现代考古学家结合多种方法。4.正确，文章提到印加人没有文字。5.正确，文章强调农业经济。6.错误，外部因素如疾病和西班牙征服是主要原因。7.正确，文章提到西班牙引入马匹。8.正确，文章指出宗教影响建筑。9.错误，印加有中央集权政府。10.错误，部分遗址被保存。二、单选题1.C2.B3.B4.B5.D6.C7.B8.B9.B10.B解析：1.C，文章主要解释衰落原因。2.B，文章强调道路系统。3.B，文章指出农业是经济基础。4.B，文章提到太阳崇拜。5.D，文章指出地理障碍。6.C，文章强调贸易和通信。7.B，文章提到单一统治者。8.B，文章指出疾病是重要原因。9.B，文章强调宗教影响。10.B，文章指出对现代的影响。三、多选题1.A,B,C2.B,C,D3.A,B,C4.A,B,C,D5.A,B,D6.A,B,C7.A,B,C,D8.A,C,D9.A,B,C10.A,