雨课堂学堂在线学堂云Food Molecular Biology(华南理工大学)单元测试考核答案

第1题98%ofhumanDNAisnoncoding,theydidnotmakeproteins.第2题Nuclearorganizationreferstothespatialdistributionofchromatinwithinacellnucleus.第3题Thesugarindeoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)isdeoxyribose.RNAhasoxygenatomatposition（

）

carbon.A1B2C3D4第4题AccordingtothefirstaccuratemodelofDNAstructurecreatedbyJamesWatson&FrancisCrickin1953,Whichofthefollowingistrue?ADNAisadoublehelixthismakesDNAlooklikea“twistedladder”BThemonomerforDNAisthenucleotideCCytosine(C)alwayspairswithguanine(G)DAdenine(A)pairswithuracil(U)正确答案：ABC第5题Thesugarindeoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)is

.

AriboseBdeoxyriboseCglucoseDxylose第1题Thecentraldogmaofmolecularbiologydescribesthetwo-stepprocess,transcriptionandtranslation,bywhichtheinformationingenesflowsintoproteins:DNA→RNA→protein.第2题OkazakifragmentsareshortsequencesofDNAnucleotideswhicharesynthesizeddiscontinuouslyOkazakifragmentswerelaterlinkedtogetherbytheenzymeDNAligasetocreatetheleadingstrandduringDNAreplication.

第3题HersheyandChaseusephageVirusesasworkingmodel.

wasusedtolabeltheDNAcontainedintheT2phage,

usedtolabeltheproteinsectionsoftheT2phage.Aphosphorus-32,sulfur-35Bphosphorus-30,sulfur-35Cphosphorus-32,sulfur-32Dphosphorus-30,sulfur-32第4题Theexperimentswereaseriesofexperimentsconductedin1952byAlfredHersheyandMarthaChasethathelpedtoconfirmthatDNAisgeneticmaterial.AaminoacidBproteinCDNADRNA1.3Assignment第1题RNApolymeraseisanenzymethatisresponsibleforcopyingaDNAsequenceintoanRNAsequence,duringtheprocessoftranscription.第2题EachofthethreeRNApolymerasesineukaryotesisresponsiblefortranscribingauniquetypeofRNA.第3题AntRNAmoleculeissaidtobemonocistronicineukaryoteorganism,whichmeansatRNAcontainsthegeneticinformationtotranslateonlyasingleoneproteinchain.第4题RNApolymeraseIIisamultiproteincomplex.ItisoneofthethreeRNAPenzymesfoundinthenucleusofeukaryoticcells.ItcatalyzesthetranscriptionofDNAtosynthesizeprecursorsofmRNAandmostsnRNAandmicroRNA.

ARNApolymeraseІBRNApolymeraseIICRNApolymeraseIIIDRNApolymeraseIV第5题isinhighereukaryotesandthispolymeraseonlytranscribesribosomalRNA.

ARNApolymeraseIBRNApolymeraseIICRNApolymeraseIIIDRNApolymeraseIV1.4Assignment第1题AtransferRNAmoleculeisusedintranslationandconsistsofasingleRNAstrandthatisonlyabout80nucleotideslong.第2题RibosomesareminuteparticlesconsistingofRNAandassociatedproteinsthatfunctiontosynthesizeproteins.第3题Ineukaryotesandarchaea,theaminoacidencodedbythestartcodonismethionine.第4题A

moleculeisusedintranslationandconsistsofasingleRNAstrandthatisonlyabout80nucleotideslong.

ADNABmessengerRNA

CribosomalRNADtransferRNA2.1Assignment第1题PCRprimersfortheqPCRstepofRT-qPCRshouldideallybedesignedtospananexon-exonjunction,withoneoftheamplificationprimerspotentiallyspanningtheactualexon-intronboundary.第2题Intwo-stepRT-qPCRassays,thereversetranscriptionandPCRstepsareperformedinseparatetubes,withdifferentoptimizedbuffers,reactionconditions,andprimingstrategies.第3题AbasicPCRset-uprequiresseveralcomponentsandreagents,Whichofthefollowingareincluded?

ADNAtemplateBDNApolymeraseCTwoDNAprimersDdNTPs正确答案：ABCD第4题Aboutstepofgeneclone,Whichofthefollowingareincluded?

APreparationofRNAtobeclonedBCreationofrecombinantDNAwithDNAligaseCIntroductionofrecombinantDNAintohostorganismDScreeningforcloneswithdesiredDNAinsertsandbiologicalproperties正确答案：BCD第5题Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutgenecloning？AGenecloningrequirescloningvectorsandcompetentcellsBCloningvector,whichisareplicatingDNAmoleculeattachedwithaEndogenousdnafragments

CTheapplicationofgenecloningdoesnotincludetheproductionofrecombinantproteinsDCreationofrecombinantDNAwithDNApolymerase2.2Assignment第1题Goldenriceisavarietyofriceproducedthroughgeneticengineeringtobiosynthesizebeta-carotene,aprecursorofvitaminA,intheediblepartsofrice.ItisintendedtoproduceafoodtobegrownandconsumedinareaswithashortageofdietaryvitaminA.第2题MostcurrentGMcropshavebeenengineeredforresistancetoinsects,tolerancetoherbicidesorboth.

第3题Mainlyproteinproductionincludesthreemainsteps,includingAGenecloningBGeneexpressionCProteinquantificationDProteinpurification正确答案：ABD第4题Codingsequenceisthecandidategenesyouareinterestedin,includingAHerbicideresidencegeneBPestresistancegeneCSalttoleranceornutritionalenhancementgeneDVirulencegene正确答案：ABC第5题WhichofthefollowingisacommonmethodofDNAdeliveryintransgenicplants?ASDSBNMRCgenegunsDPCR3.1Assignment第1题Proteinscanbeseparatedfromoneanotheronthebasisofsolubility,size,charge,andbindingability.第2题Thesolubilityofproteininwaterisaffectedbythedistributionofhydrophobicandhydrophilicchargedgroupsonthesurfaceofproteinmolecules.第3题Whichofthenarrativesaboutproteinextractionisincorrect.

ABeforeseparatingandpurifyingtheprotein,theproteinmustbereleasedbyanappropriateBWhenextracting,differentsolventsshouldbeselectedaccordingtothedifferentcharacteristicsoftheproteinCThecrudeproteinextractcanbecentrifugedtoremovesomesmallmolecularimpuritiesDThecrudeproteinproductmaybeamixtureofmultipleproteins第4题Whatistheessentialfirststepwhenwedeterminehowaminoacidsequencesspecifytheconformationsandhencefunctionsofproteins?

ATheseparationofproteinsBThepurificationofproteinsCDeterminingaminoacidsequenceDDeactivatingtheprotein3.2Assignment第1题Animalshaveaverylargerepertoireofantibody-producingcells,eachproducinganantibodythatcontainsseveral

surfaces

forantigenrecognition.第2题Theenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA)makesuseofanenzymethatreactswithacolorlesssubstratetoproduceacoloredproduct.第3题Whenpurifyingspecificantibodies,whichofthefollowingmethodsshouldbeusedtoremoveimpurities?ASaltingoutBGelfiltrationCIonexchangechromatographyDImmunoaffinitychromatography第4题Whichbondslinkheavychainsandlightchainsinimmunoglobulin?AHydrophobicbondsBCarbon-hydrogenbondsCDisulfidebondsDCarbon-carbondoublebonds3.3Assignment第1题Massspectrometryenablesthehighlypreciseandsensitivemeasurementoftheatomiccompositionofaparticularmoleculewithoutpriorknowledgeofitsidentity.第2题ProteinmassspectrometryismainlyusedtoanalyzeitsAPrimarystructureBSpaceconformationCBiosynthesisDBiologicalactivity第3题Massspectrometrycomprisesthreeessentialcomponents,including:AionsourceBmassanalyzerCsamplechamberDdetector正确答案：ABD第4题whichofthefollowingaboutaminoacidisnottrue?AAminoacidsequencesdeducedbyreadingtheDNAsequenceofthenascentproteinBAminoacidsequencesarethedirectproductofthetranslationalmachineryCAminoacidsequencesarerichininformationDAminoacidsequencesarenotsoimportantfortheorganism3.4Assignment第1题x-rayscanprovidethebestresolutionforthedeterminationofmolecularstructuresbecausetheirwavelengthapproximatelycorrespondstothelengthofacovalentbond.第2题Aresonancespectrumforamoleculeisobtainedbykeepingthemagneticfieldconstantandvaryingthefrequencyoftheelectromagneticradiation.

第3题InNMR,themainimagingmaterialforproteinsisAOxygenprotonsBHydrogenprotonsCElectronicsDHydrogenneutron第4题TheX-rayphotographisasectionofwhichdimensional?AOne-dimensionalBTwo-dimensionalCThree-dimensionalDFour-dimensional4.1Assignment第1题Which

typeofcellsisprimarilyresponsiblefornutrientsensing?AStemcellsBEnteroendocrinecellsCMastcellsDPanethcells第2题Whichdietcouldhelpregulateintestinalhomeostasis?AHighcarbohydrateBCaloricrestrictionCHighfatDAbove

all第3题Whichofthefollowingdoesnotbelongtothesmallintestine?AduodenumBjejunumCileumDrectum4.2Assignment第1题（

）isthebasicarchitecturalunitoftheliverAKupffercellsBLiversinusoidCLiverlobuleDPortalvein第2题Thelivercanonlymetabolizeproteinandlipid.第3题(

)caninduceNAFLD.ARichinsucroseBHighsaturatedfatCHighfructoseDHightalcohol正确答案：ABC第4题Whichofthefollowingdoesnotbelongtothe5center

organs

ofmetabolism?

ApancreasBbrainCstomachDliver4.3Assignment第1题Whichofthefollowingmechanismscanfoodbornenutrientsregulatemusclebuildup?AMusclesynthesisBEnergysupplyCGut–MuscleAxisDNeuromodulation正确答案：ABCD第2题Duringmusclecontraction,substancessuchasphosphocreatineprovideenergymetabolism.第3题

WhichofthefollowingcouldprovidemusclewithapowerfulsourceofenergycomparabletoATP?

AshortpeptidesBphosphatidylserineCcreatineD

glucose4.4Assignment第1题（

）isawidelyusedmodelforanalyzingfooddigeationACaco-2transwellcellmodelBSimulatoroftheHumanIntestinalMicrobialEcosystem(SHIME)CMicrofluidicorgan-on-a-chipmodelsDOrganoidmodel第2题Interactionsbetween____，____and____

happen

in

cellµbiomemodel.AIntestinalepitheliumBGutmicrobiomeCBloodDVascularendothelium正确答案：ABD第3题Multiplechipsmodelcanonlyinvolveliver,intestine,andstomachchips.第4题Whichofthefollowingcellcould

beusedtoinvestigatenutrientstransportinhumans?

ACaco-2cellBHepG2

cellCMCF-7cellDCIKcell4.5Assignment第1题Whichofthefollowingaminoacidsisaaromaticaminoacid?AValineBAlanineCTryptophanDAspartate第2题Whichofthefollowingsubstancesarenottheproductsoftryptophanmicrobialmetabolites?AIndoleBTryptamineCIndolepropionicacidDCinamicacid第3题WhichofthefollowingtransportergeneticdefectscancauseHartnapdisease?ASLC9A3BSLC6A19CSLC3A1DSLC7A9第4题Themainmetabolicrouteofammoniainthehumanbodyisthat？ASynthesisofessentialaminoacidsBSynthesisofureaCSynthesisofNH4+D

Synthesisofpurinesandpyrimidines4.6Assignment第1题Glucagonandepinephrine

triggerthebreakdownofglycogen.第2题Glucagonstimulatesliverglycogenbreakdownwhenbloodglucoseishigh.

第3题Glycogensynthasecanaddglucosylresiduesonlytoapolysaccharidechainalreadycontainingatleastfourresidues.第4题HowcanproteinkinaseAreducestheactivityofPP1?AInmuscle,GMisphosphorylatedinthedomainresponsibleforbindingthecatalyticsubunitBThecatalyticsubunitisreleasedfromglycogenandfromitssubstratesanddephosphoryationisgreatlyreducedCAlmostalltissuescontainsmallproteins,whichcanbindtothecatalyticsubunitofPP1andinhibititDInhibitorskeepsphosphorylaseinitsactiveaformandglycogensynthaseinitsinactivebform正确答案：ABCD第5题Whatistheglucosedonorinthebiosynthesisofglycogen？AATPBUDPGCAcetylCoADGlucose4.7Assignment第1题Theonlyformofoxidationoffattyacidsisbetaoxidation.第2题BesidesacetylCoA,theoddcarbonatomfattyacidafterβ-oxidationproducesacetylCoA.第3题BesidesacetylCoA,theoddcarbonatomfattyacidafterβ-oxidationproducesacetylCoA.AATPBGTPCFattyacidDGlucose第4题Themajorsiteoftheproductionofacetoacetateand3-hydroxybutyrateisthekidney.5.1Assignment第1题Whatisthephysiologicalconcentrationrangeofhydrogenperoxide(H2O2)？AApproximately1–10nMBApproximately1–100nMCApproximately1–1000nMDApproximately10–100nM第2题Whichgeneprovidesaprincipalinducibledefenseagainstoxidativestress?ANRF2BNF-kBCAP-1DHIF-1α第3题WheredoesIDH1work?

ACytoplasmBMitochondriaCNucleusDOutsidethecell第4题Pentosephosphatepathwaycauseanincreasedproductionof.A

NADPHBFADH2CATPDNADH5.2Assignment第1题Mostflavonoidsinourdietareintheformofglycosides.第2题Flavonoidsthatarenotabsorbedinoursmallintestinecanbemetabolizedbycolonicmicroflora-aglyconesandphenolicacids.第3题Allpolyphenolsareabsorbedwithequalefficacy.第4题Studieshaveshownthatdrinkingredwinehasaprotectiveeffectoncardiovascularhealth,whichisrelatedtotheprotectivecomponentscontainedinredwine?

APolyphenolBPhytosterolCSaponinDSulfide6.1Assignment第1题Hematopoieticstemcellsgiverisetodifferenttypesofbloodcells,inlinescalledmyeloidandlymphoid.

第2题Theclusterofdifferentiationisaprotocolusedfortheidentificationandinvestigationofcellsurfacemoleculesprovidingtargetsforimmunophenotypingofcells.

第3题Theadaptiveimmunesystem,alsoreferredastheacquiredimmunesystem,isasubsystemoftheimmunesystemthatiscomposedofspecialized,systemiccellsandprocessesthateliminatespathogensbypreventingtheirgrowth.第4题Whichthefollowingbelongstomyeloidcells?ANeutrophilscellBEosinophilsCBasophilsDMonocytes正确答案：ABCD第5题Thespleenisthelargestorganinthelymphaticsystem.6.2Assignment第1题Antibodiesarecentralmolecularplayersintheimmuneresponse.第2题AnIgGmoleculeconsistsofatotalof12immunoglobulindomains.第3题Theamino-terminalimmunoglobulindomainsofeachchainisreferredtoastheconstantregions.第4题Whichthefollowingisthefirstclassofantibodytoappearintheserumafterexposuretoanantigen?AIgGBIgACIgDDIgM第5题____isthemajorclassofantibodyinexternalsecretions,suchassaliva,tears,bronchialmucus,andintestinalmucus.AIgAB

IgMCIgDDIgE6.3Assignment第1题Zincinfluencesthenonspecificinnateimmunesystemaswellasthespecificadaptiveimmunesystem.第2题Prebioticsmayinfluencetheimmunesystemdirectlyorindirectlyeitherviaspecificproductsderivedfromcarbohydratefermentationorbyalteringmicrobialcompositionofthegutmicrobiota.第3题Highintakeofvegetablesdecreasetheriskofchronicinflammation.第4题Whichofthefollowing

isanimportantsourceofretinoicacidforthisregulation?AZincBVitaminACVitaminDDIron第5题VitaminAismetabolizedintracellularlyto____Aretinoicacid

B

retinolCretinoidDretinal6.4Assignment第1题Whichofthefollowingdoesnotaffectimmunomodulatoryactivity?

AGlycosidicbondBMolecularweightCMonosaccharidecompositionDAntigenicstimulation第2题Whichofthefollowingisnotapatternrecognitionreceptor?ARhamnogalacturonanIBComplementreceptor3CScavengerreceptorDDectin-1第3题Wecanroughlyclassifyseveraldifferenttypesofpolysaccharides，whichoptionisn’tincluded?AAnimalpolysaccharidesB

PlantpolysaccharidesCInsectpolysaccharides

D

Microbialpolysaccharides7.1Assignment第1题Theknowledgeoffoodbiochemistrymostlyfocusedonthechemistryrelatedtoprocessing,whileforfoodbiochemistry,itismainlyaboutthechemicalbasisoffoodbiotechnology.第2题Afterthefoodinthestomachentersthesmallintestine,itwillstimulatethepancreastosecretepancreaticjuice.第3题Whichofthefollowingexperimentalanimalshasthemostsimilardigestivetracttohuman?ARatBPigCRabbitDMouse第4题Whichisthefirstpartofthebodywherefoodinteractswiththebody?ALargeintestineBSmallintestineCMouthDStomach7.2Assignment第1题Duetotheimproperdietstructure,theexpensesofrelateddiseasescausedbydietincrease,whichisaburdentohumanhealthandeconomy.第2题Fromtheperspectiveofnutrition,theenergyprovidedbysnacksbetweenmealsshouldnotexceedthedailyintake:A20%B10%C15%D18%第3题Whichofthefollowingarethefutureneedsofconsumersforfood?ALowcarbohydrateBHighproteinCGlutenfreeDSafety正确答案：ABCD第4题Whatchangeshavetakenplaceinfoodcomparedwith20yearsago?AVolumeincreaseBVolumedecreaseCCaloriesincreaseDCaloriesdecrease正确答案：AC第5题Obesitymayincreasetheprevalenceofwhichofthefollowingdiseases.ADiabeteBRespiratorydiseasesCGastrointestinaldiseaseDAlzheimer'sdisease7.3Assignment第1题Inadditiontothenutritionalcomponentsoffood,thebioavailabilityoffoodisalsoanimportantfactoroffood.第2题Thebioavailabilityoffoodisequaltothedigestibilityoffood.第3题Whichkindofnutrientswilllosethemostafterrefining?ACarbohydrateBVitaminCLipidDProtein第4题Foodprocessingcanaffectwhichofthefollowingoptions.ADigestibilityBNutrientcompositionC

MolecularstructureD

Speciescomposition7.4Assignment第1题Bioactivefoodcomponentsarenonessentialbiomoleculesthatarepresentinfoodsandexhibitthecapacitytomodulateoneormoremetabolicprocess.

第2题Generallyphytochemicalshavebeenclassifiedintofivemajorcategoriesbasedontheirchemicalstructures.Thesecategoriesincludecarbohydrates、lipids、phenolics、terpenoidsandalkaloids.第3题Nutritionexpertssuggestthatyoungpeopleinourcountryshouldeatmoremilk,eggs,fish,meatandotherprotein-richfoods,becauseproteinisthemainenergysource.第4题Thenutrientsinfoodmainlyincludewater,sugars,proteins,fats,inorganicsalts,vitaminsandcrudecellulose.Althoughthecrudecellulosecannotbedigestedandabsorbedbythehumanbody,ithasaveryimportantphysiologicaleffectonthehumanbody.Thefollowingfoodsarerichincrudefiber.AFish.ShrimpBEggs.PorkCSpinach.CeleryDMilk.Beef第5题Phytochemicalscanbeclassifiedintosixmajorcategoriesbasedontheirchemicalstructure,whichofthefollowingisthecorrectoptiontolist？A

carbohydrates,lipids,phenolics,terpenoids,alkaloidsandothernitrogen-containingcompoundsBcarbohydrates,lipids,proteins,terpenoids,alkaloidsandothernitrogen-containingcompoundsC

carbohydrates,lipids,water,terpenoids,alkaloidsandothernitrogen-containingcompoundsD

carbohydrates,lipids,phenolics,terpenoids,alcoholsandothernitrogen-containingcompounds7.5Assignment第1题Polyphenolsorphenolicsisoneofnon-nutrientgroupsfoundinplantscharacterisedbythepresenceofoneormorehydroxylgroupsonaromaticrings.第2题Polyphenolsaresecondarymetabolitesofplants.第3题Beefcontainsalotofphenoliccompounds.第4题WhichofthefollowingfoodsarerichinpolyphenolsAGreenteaBRedwineCPomegranateDWatermelon正确答案：ABC第5题Whatistrueaboutpolyphenols?A

polyphenolscanbedividedintotwomaingroupsB

FlavonoidsarenotalargefamilyofpolyphenolsCthephenoliccandivideintohydrobenzoicacidsandanthocyanidinsD

Polyphenolcompoundsarefewpresentinourdiet7.6Assignment第1题Thefactorofgeneticscontributemoretoobesitythanlifestyle,environmentandculture.第2题Nearly30%oftheworld’spopulationareeitherobeseoroverweight.第3题Cocoapolyphenolscanbeidentificationofdietarysignals,identificationofdietary