高考英语议论文复习：原因对比利弊和结论

15-16（一）年高考第一轮复习作文（三）原因，对比，利弊和结论写作指导议论文是一种通过议论或说理来表达作者见解和主张的文体。议论文重在说理，以理服人。高中英语议论文的写作主要有两种类型：第一类是观点对比型，比如对某一观点有人赞成，有人反对；或者对某一观点你觉得既有优点，又有缺点，但优点大于缺点（或缺点大于优点），最后概括性地提出自己的观点或态度。第二类是阐述观点，就某个观点分析原因以及表达自己的看法。时态常用一般现在时。人称为第一或第三人称。二．相关名词：问题___________讨论_____________调查____________观点___________态度_____________优点___________缺点____________原因____________结果_____________结论____________problem/issuediscussion/debatesurveyopinion/viewattitudeadvantagedisadvantagecause/reasonresultconclusion三．相关动词认为______________愿意_____________同意________________不同意_______________赞成________________不赞成_______________think/believe/insist/argueprefer/wouldliketo/bewillingto/favoragreedisagreeapproveofdisapproveof四．相关短语持…观点因人而异赞成反对根据至于…在…看来holdtheviewvaryfrompersontopersonbeinfavorof/befor/agreetobeagainst/objectto/disagreetoaccordingtoasfor/astoformypart/inmyopinion/frommypointofviewasfarasIamconcernedfromwhereIstand过渡性词语表列举：表递进：表对比：表原因：表结果：表结论：表转折：表强调：过渡性词语表列举：

forexample,forinstance,thatistosay,take…forexample表递进：

besides,inaddition,moreover,what’smore,furthermore表对比：

ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,inspiteof,onthecontrary,while,unlike(与某事物不同)表原因：

becauseof,thanksto,dueto,owingto,forthisreason表结果：

therefore,thus,asaresult,so表结论：

inconclusion,inbrief,inshort,insummary,tosumup,toconclude,allinall,onthewhole,表转折：

however,nevertheless,yet表强调：afterall,aboveall,certainly,undoubtedly,obviously,clearly,firstandmostimportant,lastbutnottheleast五．单句操练A.介绍讨论的主题1.昨天，我们就英语学习是否有必要从儿童时期抓起进行热烈的讨论。2.我们已经在学生中作了一个调查，内容是关于如何选择专业和大学。1.Yesterday,wehadaheateddiscussionabout/onwhetheritisnecessarytostartlearningEnglishfromchildhood.2.Wehavemadeasurveyamongstudentsonhowtochoosetheirmajorsanduniversities.B.过渡句1.关于这个话题，不同人有不同观点。2.事物都有两面性。这个也不例个，换句话说，它也有消极的一面。1.Asfor/tothis,differentpeoplehavedifferentopinions.Differentpeopleholddifferentviewsonthismatter.

When

it

comestothis,viewsvaryfrompersontoperson.2.(Asapopularsayinggoes,)everycoinhastwosides.Thisoneisnoexceptionandinotherwords,itstillhasnegativeaspects.3.当问到这个问题，有些人赞成有些人反对。4.然而，在这件事上不同的人有不同的看法。5．没有人能否认这样一个事实，地球变得越来越暖和了。3.Whenaskedabouttheissue,somepeopleareinfavorofitwhile

othersareagainstit.4.Differentpeople,however,thinkquitedifferentlyonthismatter.5.Thereisnodoubt/denyingthattheearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmer.

Noonecandenythefactthattheearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmer.C.表达因果1.原因如下2.结果如下3.许多尖子生选择复读的原因是他们想上名牌大学。Thereasonsareasfollows.Thefollowingaretheresults.Thereason

whymanyexcellentstudentsprefertoretakeclassesisthat

theywanttobeadmittedto/intofamousuniversities.Manyexcellentstudentsprefertoretakeclasses

because

theywanttoattendfamousuniversities.4.给我们的生活带来变化的有三方面的原因：首先人们的生活标准大大提高了；其次，大多数人有较高的收入，他们买得起他们需要或喜欢的东西。最后，越来越多的人更愿意享受现代化的生活。4.

Therearethreereasonsforthechangesthathavetakenplaceinourlife.Tobeginwith,people’slivingstandardshavebeengreatlyimproved.Secondly,mostpeoplearewellpaid,andtheycanaffordwhattheyneedorlike.Lastbutnotleast,moreandmorepeopleprefertoenjoymodernlife.D.对比和利弊1.与汽车比较，自行车有优点，也有缺点。Comparedwithcars,bikeshavetheiradvantagesanddisadvantages.2.不可否认计算机给人们带来了很多的方便，但它也有很多的不足。

Thereisnodenying/doubtthatcomputersbringpeoplealotofconvenience,buttheyhavemanydisadvantages.3.70%的学生赞成参加志愿工作因为帮助别人是一件很有意义的工作。70%ofthestudentsapproveof/areinfavorofdoingvoluntaryworkbecauseitisameaningful/significantjobtohelpothers.4.那些反对无节制地上网的人认为长时间上网不仅影响学习而且破坏健康。

Thosewhoobjecttosurfingthenetwithoutlimitholdtheview/believethatlonghoursonlinewillnotonlyaffecttheirstudiesbutalsoruin/doharmtotheirhealth.5.当今许多人之所以愿意进行晨练是因为这对我们的健康意义重大，以下是它大体上带来的好处。Nowadaysmanypeoplepreferdoing/todomorningexercisesbecauseithasasignificantroleinourhealth.Generally,itsadvantagescanbeseenasfollows.E.表达结论，重申观点1.简而言之，双方尚未达成共识。Inshort,noagreementhasbeenreachedyet.Sofar,noagreementhasbeenreached.Inshort,bothsideshavenotarrivedatanyagreementyet.2.显然，我们可以得出这样一个结论：金钱不是幸福的来源。Obviously,wecandraw

aconclusionthatmoneyisnotthesourceofhappiness.3.在我看来，我愿意选择和差生同桌因为我们能互相学习和共同进步。Inmyopinion,I’dliketochoosetoshareadeskwithaslowerstudentbecausewecanlearnfromeachotherandmakeprogresstogether.补充：引出观点Thosewhoadvocateglobalizationclaimthateconomiesindevelopingcountrieswillbenefitfromnewopportunitiesforsmallandhome-basedbusinesses.Criticstakeadifferentview,believingthateconomicglobalizationisactuallywideningthegapbetweentherichandpoor.Somethinkthat……However,othersholdthedifferentopinion/viewthat……Somearefortheopinionthat……Therestapproveof……六、例文欣赏(一)请根据以下的写作内容，使用５个规范的英语句子描述全部所给的信息内容．

作为一个中学生,你肯定经历过多次考试,体验过成功,也遭遇过失败.请你根据提示内容,简要概述中学生普遍存在的对考试失败的两种态度,并结合自身实际,说明你的观点.态度一:当考试结果不尽人意时,情绪低落,丧失信心,不再继续努力.态度二:当考试失败时,分析找出失败的原因,鼓励自己,增强自信,避免再犯同样的错。你的观点:失败乃成功之母,……Wemiddleschoolstudentshavehadmanytestsorexamsandhavebothachievedsuccessandsufferedfromfailure,butdifferentstudentstakedifferentattitudestofailure.Somefallinlowspiritswhentheydon’tdowellintheexams,losingheartandnolongerstudyingashardasbefore.However,moststudents

takeanactiveattitudetowardsfailure.Byencouragingthemselvestobeself-confident,theyfindoutandanalyzethecausessothattheywillnolongermakesimilarmistakes.

AsfarasI’mconcerned,failureisthemotherofsuccess,whichcanteachusalotintheprocessofreachingourgoals,andonlybytastingfailurecanweenjoythefruitofsuccess.倒装句(二)你们班的同学对是否应该取缔晚自习展开了一次讨论。以下是讨论结果：赞成观点反对观点能够给学生更多的休息时间；有时间发展个人爱好。相对在家学习，在校学习效率更高；通过师生交流、同学交流，学习问题可以及时解决。你的观点：……Recentlyourclasshaveheldadiscussionaboutwhethereveningclassesshouldbecanceled.

Someofthemareinfavouroftheideathattheeveningclassesshouldbecancelled.Theybelievethatcancelingeveningclassesmeanstheyhavemoretimeforrestingsothattheywillhavemoretimetodeveloptheirhobbiessuchasreading,playingsports,drawingandsoon.However,othersstudents,whoareobjectingtotheideaholdthat

comparedwithstudyingathome,studyingatschoolmayleadtohighstudyefficiency.What'smore,theproblemsexistinginstudycanbe

copedwithassoonaspossiblebymeansofcommunicatingwithteachersandcooperatingwithclassmates.

IpreferstudyingathomebecauseI'mwillingtoformthehabitofbeingindependentandI'minclinedtoarrangestudytimemyself.(三)你们学校学生会最近组织了一次“有烦恼向谁倾诉”的调查活动。请根据以下的调查数据，用英语给校报写一篇新闻稿，反映调查结果。[写作内容]倾诉对象百分比理

由同学和朋友61%同龄人容易交流和理解；不想让父母担心父母和家长22%老师家长阅历丰富，有生活和教育经验没有17%不愿和别人说自己的事或难以与别人相处

RecentlytheStudentUnionhascarriedoutasurvey—“Towhomdoyougowhenintrouble?”Theresultsareasfollows.

61%ofthestudentssurveyedselectfriendsorschoolmatesastheirideallistenerswhentheyhavetroublebecausetheythinktheyhaveabetterunderstandingofeachotherinthesameagegroup.What’smore,theydon’twanttheirparentstoworryaboutthem.Another22%chooseteachersandparentstotalkto,becauseintheiropinion,teachersandparentsarerichinlifeandeducationexperience.Nevertheless,

thereare17%whodon’tsharetheirtroublesatall.Theyfindithardtogetalongwellwithothers.七、实战演练生活中冲突时有发生。假设你班同学苏华和李江打篮球时发生争执，导致关系紧张。请你结合此事，并根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文，向学校英文报“HappyTeens”专栏投稿。简要描述事情的经过打篮球，碰撞，争执，等等分析发生冲突的原因

1.遇事不够冷静2.......谈谈避免冲突的做法(请考生根据自己的经历或感想，提出至少两种做法)注意：1、对所有要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。2、词数100左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数。

Conflictswithothersarecommonineverydaylife._______________________

碰撞争执分析原因避免冲突做法bumpintosb.quarrelwithsb.about/oversth.(sb.be)notcalmenough/calmsb.downcaretoomuchaboutwinningandlosinghavedifferentpersonalitiesnocommunicateenoughwitheachotherbekind/consideratetoothersnotbeself-centeredcommunicatemorewithothersputourselvesinothers’place/thinkmorefromothers’pointofview/putourselvesinothers’shoeslack用法（参考分册二P126）vt.(不用于被动语态)缺乏创造力/勇气lackcreativity/courage他们没钱送他上大学。Theylackthemoneytosendhimtouniversity.adj.lacking→belackinginsth.缺乏温暖/勇气/力气belackinginwarmth/courage/strengthn.→常与of连用缺乏食物/金钱/技能alackoffood/money/skills工程因资金匮乏只得放弃。Theprojecthadtobeabandonedforlackoffunds.分析原因Thereasonfortheirquarrelisthat……What’smore,……Ithinkthereweretworeasonsfortheirquarrel.……Besides,……Frommypointofview,theirquarrelwascausedbytworeasons.……避免冲突的做法Toavoidsuchconflicts,firstly,……Secondly,……Herearemyadviceonhowtoavoidconflicts.Foronething,……Foranother,……Therearesometipsthatmayhelpusavoidsuchconflictsinourlife.Ontheonehand,……Ontheotherhand,……Yesterday,myclassmatesSuHuaandLiJianghadalittleconflictwhenplayingbasketball.Havingbumpedintoeachother,theyhadaquarrel,whichhadabadeffectontheirfriendship.Thereasonwhythequarrelbrokeoutisthatbothofthemwerelackinginunderstandingandtolerance.Inmyopinion,iftheyhadkeptcal