研究生英语考试练习题及答案

研究生英语考试练习题及答案考试时长：120分钟满分：100分班级：__________姓名：__________学号：__________得分：__________研究生英语考试练习题及答案考核对象：研究生英语考生题型分值分布：-判断题（10题，每题2分）——总分20分-单选题（10题，每题2分）——总分20分-多选题（10题，每题2分）——总分20分-案例分析（3题，每题6分）——总分18分-论述题（2题，每题11分）——总分22分总分：100分---一、判断题（每题2分，共20分）1.Thepassivevoiceshouldalwaysbeavoidedinacademicwriting.2.Itisacceptabletousecontractionsinformalessays.3.Theterm"etymology"referstothestudyofwordorigins.4.Athesisstatementmustbeplacedattheendoftheintroduction.5.Plagiarismisconsideredaseriousoffenseinacademicresearch.6.Thesubjunctivemoodiscommonlyusedinscientificpapers.7.Thepastperfecttenseisunnecessaryinmostnarratives.8.Punctuationmarkslikecommasarenotessentialinshortsentences.9.Theterm"jargon"isexclusivelyusedintechnicalfields.10.Awell-structuredoutlineiscrucialforwritinganorganizedessay.答案：1.×2.×3.√4.×5.√6.×7.√8.×9.×10.√---二、单选题（每题2分，共20分）1.Whichofthefollowingisacommonerrorinformalwriting?A.OveruseofpassivevoiceB.ProperuseofsemicolonsC.ClearthesisstatementD.Variedsentencestructure2.Theword"ubiquitous"bestdescribes:A.RareanduniqueB.WidespreadandcommonC.ComplexandabstractD.Temporaryandfleeting3.Inacademicresearch,whatistheprimarypurposeofaliteraturereview?A.TopresentpersonalopinionsB.TosummarizepreviousstudiesC.TocriticizeexistingfindingsD.Tointroduceunrelatedtopics4.Whichtenseismostappropriatefordescribinghistoricalevents?A.PresentcontinuousB.PastsimpleC.FutureperfectD.Presentperfect5.Thephrase"byandlarge"means:A.ExactlyandpreciselyB.GenerallyandmostlyC.RarelyandseldomD.Suddenlyandunexpectedly6.Whatisthemainfunctionofanadverbialphrase?A.TomodifyanounB.ToprovideadditionalinformationC.ToformaquestionD.Tointroduceaclause7.Theterm"cliché"refersto:A.AnewlycoinedwordB.AoverusedandunoriginalexpressionC.AtechnicalterminaspecificfieldD.Arhetoricaldevice8.Whichpunctuationmarkisusedtoseparateindependentclauses?A.ColonB.SemicolonC.PeriodD.Comma9.Thesubjunctivemoodisoftenusedin:A.ScientifichypothesesB.DescriptiveessaysC.HypotheticalsituationsD.新闻报道10.Whatisthepurposeofatransitionwordinwriting?A.TointroduceanewparagraphB.ToconnectideassmoothlyC.ToemphasizeapointD.Toreplaceapronoun答案：1.A2.B3.B4.B5.B6.B7.B8.B9.C10.B---三、多选题（每题2分，共20分）1.Whichofthefollowingarecommonfeaturesofacademicwriting?A.FormaltoneB.ClearorganizationC.PersonalanecdotesD.CrediblesourcesE.Creativemetaphors2.Thepassivevoicecanbeusefulin:A.EmphasizingtheactionB.AvoidingsubjectivityC.HighlightingtheobjectD.MakingthetextmoreconciseE.Expressingpersonalopinions3.Whatshouldbeincludedinathesisstatement?A.AclearargumentB.SupportingevidenceC.Theauthor'snameD.ApreviewoftheessayE.Emotionalappeals4.Punctuationmarkslikesemicolonsareusefulfor:A.SeparatingindependentclausesB.AddingemphasisC.ConnectingcloselyrelatedideasD.IndicatingapauseE.Replacingcommas5.Plagiarismcanbeavoidedby:A.CitingsourcesproperlyB.ParaphrasingcorrectlyC.UsingpersonalopinionsD.ChangingsentencestructureE.Ignoringsimilarideas6.Thesubjunctivemoodisusedin:A.HypotheticalsituationsB.FormalrequestsC.ScientifictheoriesD.DescriptivewritingE.新闻报道7.Adverbialphrasescanmodify:A.VerbsB.AdjectivesC.NounsD.ClausesE.Prepositions8.Commontransitionalwordsinclude:A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.MoreoverD.BecauseE.Although9.Thepastperfecttenseisusedtodescribe:A.AnactioncompletedbeforeanotherpastactionB.AhabitualactioninthepastC.AnongoingactioninthepastD.AfutureactionE.Apresentaction10.Jargonisusefulin:A.TechnicalwritingB.GeneralaudiencesC.AcademicpapersD.CreativewritingE.Businesscommunication答案：1.A,B,D2.A,B,C,D3.A,B,D4.A,C,E5.A,B,D6.A,B7.A,B,D8.A,B,C,D,E9.A10.A,C,E---四、案例分析（每题6分，共18分）案例1：Astudentwroteanessayaboutclimatechange.Theintroductionreads:"Climatechangeisaseriousissue.Itaffectseveryone.Weneedtosolveit."问题：1.Whataretheweaknessesinthisintroduction?2.Howcanthestudentimproveit?答案：1.Weaknesses：-Theintroductionlacksaclearthesisstatement.-Thesentencesarerepetitiveandvague.-Thereisnoengaginghooktodrawthereaderin.2.Improvements：-Startwithastrongopeningsentence(e.g.,asurprisingfactorquestion).-Clearlystatethethesis(e.g.,"Thisessayarguesthatclimatechangeisprimarilycausedbyhumanactivitiesandrequiresimmediateaction.").-Provideabriefoverviewoftheessay'sstructure.案例2：Aresearchpaperincludesthefollowingsentence:"Theexperimentwasconductedtotestthehypothesis."问题：1.Isthepassivevoiceappropriatehere?2.Howcanthesentenceberewrittenmoreeffectively?答案：1.Appropriateness：-Thepassivevoiceisacceptableherebecauseitfocusesontheexperimentratherthantheresearchers.2.Rewriting：-"Weconductedtheexperimenttotestthehypothesis."(Activevoice)-"Thepurposeoftheexperimentwastotestthehypothesis."(Passivevoice,moreconcise)案例3：Astudentparaphrasedasourcebutfailedtociteit.Theoriginaltext:"AccordingtoSmith(2020),globaltemperatureshaverisenby1.2°Csincepre-industrialtimes."Thestudent'sparaphrase:"Globaltemperatureshaveincreasedby1.2°Csincethepre-industrialera,asnotedbySmith."问题：1.Isthisparaphraseacceptable?2.Whatshouldthestudentdotoavoidplagiarism?答案：1.Acceptability：-Theparaphraseistoosimilartotheoriginalandlackspropercitation.2.AvoidingPlagiarism：-Usedifferentwordingandsentencestructure.-Citethesourceclearly(e.g.,"Globaltemperatureshaveincreasedby1.2°Csincethepre-industrialera,asSmith(2020)observed.").---五、论述题（每题11分，共22分）题目1：Discusstheimportanceoftransitionsinacademicwriting.Provideexamplesofhowtransitionscanimproveclarityandcoherence.答案：Transitionsareessentialinacademicwritingbecausetheyhelpconnectideassmoothly,ensuringthetextflowslogically.Withouttransitions,theessaymayfeeldisjointedandconfusing.Examplesoftransitionsandtheireffects：-Addition:"Furthermore,thestudyalsofound..."(Addsmoreevidence)-Contrast:"However,theresultswerenotentirelyconsistent."(Highlightsdifferences)-CauseandEffect:"Asaresult,thepolicywasrevised."(Showsconsequences)-TimeOrder:"First,theexperimentwasdesigned.Then,thedatawascollected."(Organizessteps)Transitionsimproveclaritybyguidingthereaderthroughtheargument.Forinstance,inaresearchpaper,using"Moreover"tointroduceadditionalsupportingevidencestrengthenstheargument.Conversely,"Nevertheless"cansoftenacounterpoint,makingtheessaymorebalanced.题目2：Explainthedifferencebetweenformalandinformallanguageinacademicwriting.Provideexamplesofeachanddiscusswhentousethem.答案：Formalandinformallanguagedifferintone,vocabulary,andstructure.FormalLanguage：-Usedinacademicpapers,research,andofficialdocuments.-Avoidscontractions,slang,andpersonalopinions.-Emphasizesobjectivityandprecision.Example:"Thehypothesiswastestedusingacontrolledexperiment."InformalLanguage：-Usedinpersonalletters,emails,orcreativewriting.-Includescontractions,colloquialisms,andpersonalexpressions.-Morerelaxedandconversational.Example:"Ithinktheexperimentwasprettycool."WhentoUseEach：-Formal:Forscholarlywork,wherecredibilityiscrucial.-Informal:Forpersonalorcreativecontexts,whereafriendlytoneisdesired.Usingthewrongtypeoflanguagecanunderminetheessay'sprofessionalism.Forexample,writing"Iguesstheresultswereokay"inaresearchpaperwouldbeinappropriate.Instead,"Theresultswerewithinanacceptablemarginoferror"maintainsformality.---标准答案及解析一、判断题解析1.×-Thepassivevoiceisacceptableinacademicwritingwhentheactorisunknownorirrelevant.2.×-Contractionsaregenerallyavoidedinformalessays.3.√-Etymologyisthestudyofwordorigins.4.×-Athesisstatementshouldbeintheintroduction.5.√-Plagiarismisaseriousacademicoffense.6.×-Thesubjunctivemoodisrareinscientificpapers.7.√-Thepastperfecttenseisoftenunnecessaryinnarratives.8.×-Punctuationisessentialeveninshortsentences.9.×-Jargonisusedinmanyfields,notjusttechnicalones.10.√-Anoutlinehelpsorganizetheessay.二、单选题解析1.A-Overuseofpassivevoicecanmakewritingunclear.2.B-Ubiquitousmeanswidespread.3.B-Aliteraturereviewsummarizespreviousstudies.4.B-Thepastsimpletenseisusedforhistoricalevents.5.B-"Byandlarge"meansgenerally.6.B-Adverbialphrasesprovideadditionalinformation.7.B-Aclichéisanoverusedexpression.8.B-Asemicolonseparatesindependentclauses.9.C-Thesubjunctivemoodisusedinhypotheticalsituations.10.B-Transitionwordsconnectideassmoothly.三、多选题解析1.A,B,D-Academicwritingisformal,organized,andusescrediblesources.2.A,B,C,D-Thepassivevoiceemphasizestheactionorobject.3.A,B,D-Athesisstatementstatestheargument,providesevidence,andoutlinestheessay.4.A,C,E-Semicolonsseparateindependentclausesorcloselyrelatedideas.5.A,B,D-Propercitation,paraphrasing,andchangingsentencestructureavoidplagiarism.6.A,