目的论视角下《了不起的盖茨比》汉译本翻译策略研究

目的论视角下《了不起的盖茨比》汉译本翻译策略研究摘要：德国功能派翻译理论起源于20世纪七十年代由卡塔林·赖斯创立，是基于源语语篇和目标语篇的功能关系的翻译批评模式，即从原文、译文两者功能之间的关系评价译文。赖斯的学生弗美尔突破了对等理论的限制，提出了目的论。本文将以巫宁坤的《了不起的盖茨比》汉译本为例，探讨目的论视角下翻译策略的研究。目的是通过对《了不起的盖茨比》汉译本中人物形象、会话、情节翻译，探讨汉译本中的翻译策略，从而提高读者的理解能力，使读者对《了不起的盖茨比》有更清晰的认识。通过实例，我们可以体验到中西方文化的差异。同时，我也希望通过对《了不起的盖茨比》的汉译本翻译策略的研究，促进跨文化学习与交流，帮助理解目的论。关键词：目的论；《了不起的盖茨比》巫宁坤译本；翻译策略和方法AStudyontheChineseTranslationStrategiesoftheGreatGatsbybyF.ScottFitzgeraldfromthePerspectiveofSkoposTheoryAbstract:FunctionalisttranslationtheorywasfoundedbyKatharinaReissinthe1970s,itisamodeoftranslationcriticismbasedonthefunctionalrelationshipsbetweenthesourcetextandthetargettext,thatistoevaluatetherelationshipbetweenthefunctionoftheoriginalandthetranslation.Reiss'sstudent---VermeerbrokethroughthelimitationoffunctionalequivalencetheoryandproposedSkopostheory.ThispaperisinvestigatingtranslationstrategiesinEnglish-ChinesetranslationinTheGreatGatsbyChineseversion,andwilltakeWuNingkun'stranslationofTheGreatGatsbyasanexampletoexplorethestudyoftranslationstrategiesfromtheperspectiveofSkopostheory.Thepaperwillexplorethetranslationstrategiesfromdifferentangles,suchasthetranslationofcharacters,conversationsandplots,soastoimprovethereaders'understandingability.Throughexamples,wecanexperiencethedifferencebetweenChineseandwesternculture.Atthesametime,Ialsohopetopromotecross-culturallearningandcommunicationandhelpunderstandSkopostheorythroughtheresearchonthetranslationstrategiesofTheGreatGatsby'sChineseversion.Keywords:Skopostheory;WuNingkun'stranslationofTheGreatGatsby;translationstrategiesandmethodsContentsChapterONEIntroduction1.1ResearchBackground1.2ResearchObjective1.3ResearchSignificanceChapterTWOTheoreticalIntroduction2.1Abriefintroductiontofunctionalisttranslationtheory2.2Skopostheoryanditsbasictranslationrules2.2.1Skoposrule2.2.2Fidelityrule2.2.3CoherenceruleChapterTHREEAnalysisontranslationstrategiesintheTranslationofTheGreatGatsbyfromtheperspectiveofskopostheory3.1AnalysisonCharacters’AppearanceTranslationStrategies3.2AnalysisonConversationsTranslationStrategies3.3AnalysisonPlotsTranslationStrategiesConclusionBibliographyAppendixAcknowledgementChapterONEIntroductionResearchBackgroundFunctionalisttranslationtheorywasfoundedbyKatharinaReissinthe1970s,itisamodeoftranslationcriticismbasedonthefunctionalrelationshipsbetweenthesourcetextandthetargettext,thatistoevaluatetherelationshipbetweenthefunctionoftheoriginalandthetranslation.Reiss'sstudent---VermeerbrokethroughthelimitationoffunctionalequivalencetheoryandproposedSkopostheory.ItsmainprinciplesareSkopostheory,coherenceruleandfidelityrule.TheGreatGatsbyisoneofFitzgerald'smostfamousworks.InChina,therehasbeenseveraltranslationsofTheGreatGatsby.Criticshaveexpoundedthetheme,style,metaphorandsymbolofTheGreatGatsbyfromdifferentperspectives.Forexample,HeNing'sresearchisaboutTheAnxietyofModernity：FitzgeraldAndthe1920s,theresearcherappliedLacan'sMirrortheorytoanalyzethefailureparadigmthatoftenappearsinFitzgerald'snovels.Heexaminestherelationshipbetweenthisfailureparadigmandmodernityfromtheperspectivesofsociety,literatureandindividuals.Abroad,theresearchersadoptedthetheoryofliterarycriticism,anddeeplydiscussedthetheme,charactersandsymbolsoftheworks.StartingwiththeinfluenceofconsumercultureonFitzgerald'screationin1920s,BermandiscussedtherelationshipbetweenFitzgerald'sworksandconsumercultureofcapitalism,andanalyzedhowthematerialworldinthenewconsumersocietyhadeffectsonthedevelopmentoflanguage,imageandstoryinthenovel.ResearchObjectiveThispaperisinvestigatingtranslationstrategiesinEnglish-ChinesetranslationinTheGreatGatsbyChineseversion,andwilltakeWuNingkun'stranslationofTheGreatGatsbyasanexampletoexplorethestudyoftranslationstrategiesfromtheperspectiveofSkopostheory.Thepaperwillexplorethetranslationstrategiesfromdifferentangles,suchasthetranslationofcharacters,conversationsandplots.thefollowingquestionsareputforwardtoachievetheobjectivesofthethesis:whatisskopostheory?Whatis

the

significance

of

studying

theChinese

translation

of

The

GreatGatsby?

(3)

What

are

the

translation

strategies

revealed

from

the

English

translation

of

The

GreatGatsby?

(4)

How

could

we

explain

those

translation

strategies

from

the

perspective

of

Skopos

theory?1.3ResearchsignificanceThispaperisinvestigatingtranslationstrategiesinEnglish-ChinesetranslationinTheGreatGatsbyChineseversion,andwilltakeWuNingkun'stranslationofTheGreatGatsbyasanexampletoexplorethestudyoftranslationstrategiesfromtheperspectiveofSkopostheory.Thepaperwillexplorethetranslationstrategiesfromdifferentangles,suchasthetranslationofcharacters,conversationsandplots,soastoimprovethereaders'understandingability.Throughexamples,wecanexperiencethedifferencebetweenChineseandwesternculture.Atthesametime,Ialsohopetopromotecross-culturallearningandcommunicationandhelpunderstandSkopostheorythroughtheresearchonthetranslationstrategiesofTheGreatGatsby'sChineseversion.ChapterTWOTheoreticalIntroduction2.1AbriefintroductiontofunctionalisttranslationtheoryAsforthewesterntranslationstudies,theypaymoreattentiontothehistoryoftranslation.WrittenrecordscanbetracedbacktotheancientRometimes.Translationstudieshavealwaysbeenfocusonthe"faithful"and"free"inthepasttwothousandyears,andthetranslationideasaremostlyfromtheirowntranslationpracticeandexperiences.Sincethe1950s,somescholarsstarttostudytranslationfromtheperspectiveoflinguistics.Amongthem,Nida'stranslationtheoryprovidesanewideafortranslationstudiesandhasaprofoundimpactonthedevelopmentofcontemporarytranslationtheory.Aboutthetranslation,Nida’stheoryofdynamicequivalenceishismajorcontributiontotranslationstudies.Theconceptisfirstmentionedinhisarticle‘PrinciplesofTranslationasExemplifiedbyBibleTranslating’asheattemptstodefinetranslating.Itisrenamedas“functional

equivalence”,which

has

agreatinfluence

on

the

translation

studies

in

Europethat

a

lot

of

scholars

carry

it

out.Nidathinksthattranslation

is

to

express

the

information

of

the

source

text

with

the

most

natural

and

nearest

equivalent

language

in

the

target

text.Nidabelievesthat"functionalequivalence"or"dynamicequivalence"meansthattheformofexpressionandculturalconnotationofthetargettextshouldconformtothenormsofthesourcetext.However,therearedividedopinionsaboutthescopeofitsapplicabilityintogeneraltranslationpractice.SomescholarsholdthatthevalueofdynamicequivalenceisnotmerelyrestrictedtoBibletranslation,anditcanbeusedtoguidegeneraltranslationpractice.Newmarkconsiderstheprincipleof“equivalenteffect”animportantconceptintranslatingwithreservation.InGentzler’sview,Nida’stheoryisonlyusefulfortranslationsofpropaganda,advertisementorcertainreligiousmaterials;butitcouldnotprovidethebasisforageneraltranslationtheory.Functionalistapproachestotranslationareanotherinfluentialtrendinmoderntranslationstudies.TheyweredevelopedinGermanyinthelate1970s.

Katharina

Reiss,Hans

J.

Vermeer,

Justa

Holz

Manttari,

and

Christiane

Nordareimportantfigures.Considering

therewillbe

agreatnumberofbarriers

in

the

course

of

translation,FunctionalistTranslation

Theory

makes

good

use

of

the

communicative

theory,

actiontheory,

information

theory,

context,

etc.

and

transfertheresearchfocusfromthesourcetexttothetargettext.However,Itisemphasizedthattheskoposoftranslationisthemainfactorthatdeterminesthewholeprocessoftranslation.

Inthedevelopmentoffunctionalistapproachestotranslation,SkopostheoryputforwardbyVermeerhasplayedamajorrole.Inhisview,anyactionhasapurpose,sodoestranslation.TheGreekword“skopos”,whichwasintroducedintotranslationtheorybyVermeerinthe1970s,isatechniquetermforthegoalorpurposeofatranslation.Skopostheory

think

that

translation

was

a

kind

ofpurposeful

action,

which

was

based

on

the

source

text.In

Skopostheory,

equivalencemeant

adequacythat

requiredthe

target

text

serve

the

same

communicative

function

or

function

as

thesource

text.Besides,

the

completion

of

translation

must

experience

a

series

ofnegotiation.

Translation

must

comply

with

avariety

of

principles

and

rules,among

them,

the

Skopos

rule

is

the

most

important

principle.

In

additionto

the

Skopos

rule,

the

coherence

rule

and

the

fidelity

rule

are

also

theimportant

rules

the

translators

should

take

into

consideration

in

the

courseof

translation.

With

the

adventoftheSkopostheory,the

keystandard

of

translation

is

not

the“

equivalence”,

but

the

degree

of"adequacy",

which

is

undoubtedly

agiantleap

in

the

development

of

translation

studies.

In

practice,

thetranslationcommissionwillgiveastateaboutthepurposes

and

requirements

of

translation.

At

the

same

time,

Vermeer

points

out

that

the

commissionoughttocontain

the

translation

Skopos

and

therealized

condition,and

the

translator

has

the

right

to

decidetotakewhich

translation

strategies.

On

the

base

of

Skopostheory,

the

German

scholar

JustaHolz-Mantari

comesupwith

the

theory

of

translation

action.

In

this

theory,

Manttarianalyzes

in

detail

the

roles

of

the

initiator,

the

target

text

producer,

userand

receiver

in

theprocess

of

translation.

In

many

ways,

the

theory

oftranslation

action

hasmuchincommonwith

Skopostheory,

thus

Vermeer

integratestheadvantages

of

it

into

Skopostheory

and

further

improvedit.

Christiane

Nord

is

theinitiator

of

the

functionalist

translationtheory.

Becauseofthe

defects

in

the

Skoposthory,

Nord

puts

forwardanother

translation

principle---

functionality

plus

loyalty.Thefunctionalityplusloyaltymodelmeans“thetranslatorshouldaimatproducingfunctionaltargettextwhichconformstotherequirementsofthetranslationskoposfixedbytheinitiator,respecting,atthesametime,ifnecessary,thelegitimateinterestsofboththeauthoroftheoriginalandthereadersofthetranslation’.In

a

word,

functionalist

translation

theory

provides

usa

newperspective

for

the

translation

theory,

which

mainly

emphasizes

thefunction

of

the

source

text

and

target

text.

Atthesametime,It

produces

far-reaching

guidingmeanings

for

the

translation

of

different

types

of

text.2.2Skopostheoryanditsbasictranslationrules2.2.1Skoposrule

The

main

rule

of

translation

is

Skopos

rule.

It

indicatesthat

any

translationalaction

is

determined

by

itsaim;

namely,

"the

end

justifies

the

means"

(Nord,2001:29).

As

far

as

Vermeer

concerned,

Skopos

rule

is

as

follows:

"Each

text

isproduced

for

a

given

purpose

and

should

serve

this

purpose.

The

Skopos

rule

thusreads

as

follows:

translate/interpret/speak/write

in

a

way

that

enables

yourtext/translation

to

function

in

the

situation

in

which

it

is

used

and

with

the

people

whowant

to

use

it

and

precisely

in

the

way

they

want

it

to

function".Skopos

ruleshows

that

translators

mustfollowthecertaintranslationalprinciple,alsotranslate

consciously

and

consistently.Translationactivitieshavedifferenttranslationpurposes,whichdeterminethehierarchyoftranslationstrategies.2.2.2

Coherence

Rule

AsforSkopostheory,

the

feasibilityof

theoutline

depends

on

the

circumstancesofthe

target

culture,

not

on

the

source

culture.

Since

the

sourcetext

producer

and

the

targettextreceiversarecomefrom

different

cultures

and

language

communities,

translatorsshould

beaware

of

thosedifferencesand

bridge

the

gap.

Therefore,

a

translatorshouldproduce

a

text

which

is

significant

to

target-culturereceivers.Coherencemeansthatthetranslatedtextmustbeacceptedandunderstoodinthetargetculture.Therefore,thetaskoftranslationistoproduceameaningfultargettext:thetextreceiver,accordingtotheirneeds,expectations,backgroundknowledgeandenvironment.Translatorcanmakesomeadjustmenttoensurethereadabilityandcomprehensibilityofthetargettext.

2.2.3

Fidelity

RuleThefidelityruleisalsocalled"intertextualcoherence",whichmeansthattheexpectedtargettexthassomerelationshiptothecorrespondingsourcetext(Nord,2001:32).Sincethesourcetextistheinformationproviderofthetargettext,thetargettextmustbeconsistentwiththesourcetext.However,thedegreeandformoffidelitydependonthepurposeofthetranslationandthetranslator'sunderstandingofthesourcetext.Thethreerulesofskopostheoryareintendedtomanipulatethewholeprocessoftranslation,buttheyhavedifferentimportanceeachone.Intertextualcoherenceisconsideredtobesubordinatetointra-linguisticcoherence,bothofthemaresubordinatetoskoposrules.Specifically,ifthetargetlanguageneedstochangeitsfunction,itwillbetheappropriatenessoradequacyofthetargetlanguage.ChapterTHREEAnalysisontranslationstrategiesintheTranslationofTheGreatGatsbyfromtheperspectiveofskopostheory3.1AnintroductiontotranslationstrategyTranslationstrategyisamethodfortranslatorstodealwithtwobasicproblemsintranslation:culturaldifferenceandlinguisticincompatibility.TheclassificationoftranslationstrategieswerefirstproposedbyJavierFrancoAixelain1996.Hesummarized11translationstrategiesanddiscussedvariousobjectivefactorsinfluencingtheselectionoftranslationstrategies.The

translation

strategies

are

as

follows:

repetition,

transforming

thespelling,

linguistic

translation,

extra-textual

explanation,

intra-textual

explanation,synonyms,

limited

globalization,

absolute

globalization,

assimilation,

deletion

andself-creation.

The

first

five

strategies

tend

to

be

“conservation”while

the

later

six

arelikely

to

be

“naturalization”.ThispaperbeginswiththeChinesetranslationofthegreatGatsby.3.1.1AnalysisonCharacters’AppearanceTranslationStrategies(1)“youpromised,”intohisears.译文:你可是答应过的。(2):“Anoxfordman!”hewasincredulous.“Likehellheis!”译文:“牛津大学毕业生！”他根本不相信，“他要是才他妈的怪哩！”Fromtheaspectofwording,thewordsinliteraryworksshouldbecolloquial,andconformtotheidentityandcharacteristicsofthecharactersasmuchaspossible.Therefore,Englishshouldbebasedonthecharacteristicsoftheoriginalworks,usingcolloquialwordscanwegrasptheauthor'sstyle.Atthesametime,wecanperfectlyshowtheauthor'sintention.InWuningkun'stranslation,wecanseethecharacteristicsofcolloquialism,hetakes“答应”butnotawrittenwordlike“承诺”,whichshowsthesimplicityofspokenlanguage.Moreover,“他要是他妈的才怪哩”alsoshowsthat,Tomisself-conceitedbutvulgar,itmakesthereadershaveaprofoundimpressionforfigures.(3)“Waitaminute,”saidTomsharply．“……haveaquestiontoask……．”“Whatkindofdisputesdoyouwanttomakeinmyhouse?”译文：“等一下，汤姆严厉地说到，……还有问题需要问……你还要给我们家制造多少麻烦？”From

the

abovelittleconversation,

we

can

tell

that

Tom’s

dialogue

style

is

unreasonable

and

domineering,

which

is

very

close

to

the

image

of

Tom

in

the

original

work..Inthispaper,theword"严厉"isusedtoretainthemeaningoftheoriginalsentence.Atthesametime,fromthetoneofthedialogue,wecanseethatTom'sdisgusttowardsGatsby.Inthetext,heasks,"你还要给我们家制造多少麻烦?"ThisshowsthatTomisamanwhocan'tthinkandcan'thelpothers.3.2AnalysisonConversationsTranslationStrategies(4)“AndIlikelargeparties.Theyaresointimate.Atsmallpartiesthereisnotanyprivacy.”译文：“而我也喜欢大型宴会。这样亲热得很。在小的聚会上，三三两两谈心倒不可能。”ThisisJordanandNicktalkingaboutGatsby'sgrandbanquet.Accordingtothecontext,thetranslatortranslate"privacy"into"三三两两谈心".Although"privacy"doesn'tmeanthat,thetranslatorcreativelyendowsthewordwithnewmeaningwithinthecontext,whichiseasyforthereaderstounderstandtheauthor'sexpressionandmakethereadersgetthesamefeelingastheoriginalreaders.(5)He’sanoggsfordman.译文:他是牛劲人。Oggsfordisevolvedfrom“Oxford”,AsWolffcomesfromtheunderclass,hispronunciationhasadistinctaccent,andFitzgeralduses‘Oggsford’toreplace‘Oxford’,whichisimpliedinabanteringandironictone.Ifhetranslatesitdirectlyinto“牛津人”，itwillbelosingthewritingcharacteristicsandtheoriginalstyle.Inordertogetascloseaspossibletotheimagedepictedintheoriginalwork,Wuningkunused"劲"insteadof"津",bothofthemaredifferentintone,but"牛劲"impliesrudenessandbarbarity,whichshowsWolff'scharactertothereaders,whilemaintainingthelanguagecharacteristicsoftheoriginal.,thetranslatorusedthedomesticationtomakethetranslationasclosetotheoriginalaspossibleandshowtheauthor'swritingstyleasmuchaspossible.Inaddition,itcanalsobeseenthatthetranslator'sunderstandingoftheoriginaldeep,trytoconveythemostidealreadingfeelingtoreaders.(6)“Thathugeplacethere?”shecriedpointing．“Doyoulikeit?”“Iloveit,butIdon'tseehowyoulivethereallalone．”译文：“是那边那座老大的房子吗？”她指着大声问。“你喜欢它吗？”“我太喜欢了，但是我不明白你怎么能一个人住在那儿”.ThisisaconversationbetweenDaisy

and

Gatsby,Daisy

goesto

Gatsby’s

mansion

for

the

first

timeand

is

shockedbytheluxury

of

the

house,

whichshowsDaisy’sinnerexcitement.

The

two

wordsareusedinthesentence,

one

is

"like",

the

other

is

"love",

as

is

known

to

all,theemotionofthelatterismuchdeeperthanthatoftheformer,

translators

used

"喜欢"

and

"太喜欢"

insteadinthissentence,thisreprentsDaisy'sexaggeratedspecificcharacter.

the

characters

of

characterization

arevery

successful(7)IsupposethelatestthingistositbackandletMr.Nobodyfromnowheremakelovetoyourwife.译文：我猜想最时髦的事情大概是装聋作哑，让不知哪儿冒出来的阿猫阿狗跟你老婆调情。That'swhatTomsaidwhenheknewaboutGatsby'sillicitaffairwithDaisy,ShowinghiscontemptandangerforGatsby.“吊膀子”isthedialectofWu,whichmeansflirtingwithwomen.Infact,theseeminglyinappropriatetranslationisinfluencedbythespecifichistoricalandculturalbackground.Histranslationalsofollowstheprinciplesofskopostheory,coherenceruleandfidelityrule.Atthesametime,itshowsthatretranslationisnecessaryandthatprevioustranslationcanbesurpassedinsomeaspects.3.3AnalysisonPlotsTranslationStrategies(8)“……theairisalivewithchatterandlaughter,andcasualinnuendoandintroductionsforgottenonthespot,andenthusiasticmeetingbetweenwomenwhoneverkneweachother’snames.”译文：整个空气充满了欢声笑语，充满了脱口而出、转眼就忘的打趣和介绍，充满了彼此始终不知姓名的女人们之间亲热无比的会面。Usingfourcharacteridiomscanproperlyshowtheatmospheredescribedintheoriginalworks.Atthesametime,itisinlinewiththerhythmandaestheticcharacteristicsinChinese.Inaddition,throughtheparallelism,notonlyshowstheaccuracyofthetranslator'swordselectionandunderstandingofthesourcetext,butalsoconformstothehabitofChinese,itnotlimitedtothewritingcharacteristicsoftheoriginalworks.ThroughthewritingstyleinChinese,thetargettextbecamemorefluent.(9)DaisyandJordanlayuponanenormouscouch,likesilveridolsweighingdowntheirdressesagainstthesingingbreezeofthefans.译文:黛西和乔丹躺在一张巨大而长沙发上，好像两座银像压住自己的白色衣裙，不让电扇的呼呼响的风吹动。TheplotdepictswhatGatsbyandNicksawwhentheyfirstvisitedtheBuchananlibraryonasunnyday.Wutranslated"singing"into"呼呼响的",whichisakindofonomatopoeiaandretainstheoriginalform.Itrequiresthereadertoimaginethisscene,feeltheheatofthatday,andforetellthenextconflict.Thetranslatorplaysanactiveroleinmakingthetranslationconsistentandsatisfyingtheaestheticneedsoftheaudience.(10)Thelawnanddrivehadbeencrowdedwiththefactsofthosewhoguessedathiscorruption---andhehadstoodonthesteps,concealinghisincorruptiondream,ashewavedthemgood-bye.译文:当时他的草坪和汽车道上挤满了那些猜测他的罪愆的人们的面孔---而他站在台阶上，藏起他那永不腐朽的梦，向他们挥手告别。ThisisNick'sdescriptionofanightwhenhefirstcametoGatsby'shouse.Wuusedliteraltranslationandthreeconsecutive"的"toimitatethemodifyingrelationshipofthesourcetext,whichviolatestheChinesenorms,becauseitleavesendless"的"forthereaders.Inviewofhispurpose,thistreatmentisstillreasonable.Inthefollowingpart,heisfreefromgrammaranddividesthecomplicatedEnglishwordsintothreeshortandindependentparts.Theapplicationof"standing","hiding"and"wavinggoodbye"makesusunderstandGatsby'sseriesofactions.(11)Letmeknowaboutfuneraletcdonotknowhisfamilyatall.译文：关于丧礼安排等情告知根本不认识他家人。ThisisthepostscriptofWolfsby'sreplytoNickafterGatsby'sdeath.Fromthispassage,itcanbetellthatthesourcetextomitsthenecessarypunctuationandsubject,whichisnotinlinewiththegrammarnorms.FitzgeraldexpressesWolfsby'sindifferencetoGatsby'sdeathbyadjustingthewordorder,whileWuningkunalsoadoptsthedissimilationmethod,translation

is

not

in

accordance

with

the

order

of

Chinese

expression.

This

translation

intentionally

makes

mistakes

and

retains

the

non-standard

features

of

the

original,

so

as

to

make

readers

clearly

feel

the

intention

of

the

author.

If

the

translation

is

translated

in

a

correct

word

order,

the

translation

will

lose

this

meaning.ConclusionThispapertakestheChineseversionofTheGreatGatsbyastheresearchobjects,andstudiesTheGreatGatsbyofWuNingkun’sChineseversion.Atthesametime,ittakesskopostheorytoexplorethetranslationstrategiesusedbytranslator.From1954to2009,thereare32kindsofChineseversionsinmainlandChinaandTaiwan.Ofcourse,TheGreatGatsby,translatedbyWuNingkunin1983,isthefirsttranslationinmainlandChina.Withthechangingtimes,

the

reader’sinterpret

to

the

work

also

haschange,

only

on

a

single

translation

cannot

meet

the

requirements

of

readers

in

different

times.

and

the

translation

study

of

"The

Great

Gatsby

is

from

the

perspective

of

Yan

Fu's"

faithfulness,expressivenessandelegance

",

the

Angle

of

literary

translation

equivalence,

dialogue

translation

and

the

comparative

study

of

different

versions,

etc,

this

articleanalysisWuNingkun’sChineseversion

from

the

perspective

of

skopos

theory,

and

discussthe

translation

strategies

in

this

paper