雨课堂学堂在线学堂云《Thermal Physics（西安交通）》单元测试考核答案

第1题Aclosedcylinderwithuniformsectionisdividedintotwosidesbyasmoothpiston.Ifonesideofthecylindercontains0.1kgofhydrogenatacertaintemperature,inordertomakethepistonstayinthecenterofthecylinder,theothersideshouldbefilledwith

ofoxygenatthesametemperature.A3.2kgB0.2kgC1.6kgD0.8kg第2题Acontainercontains1moleofhydrogenand1moleofhelium.Ifthepressuregeneratedbythetwogasesonthewallisp1andp2respectively,therelationshipbetweenthetwois

Ap1>p2Bp1=p2Cp1<p2DUncertain第3题Foracertainamountofgas,whenthegastemperatureincreases,thepressureofthegascanbekeptconstantaslongasthevolumeofthecontainerisproperlyincreased.第4题Foracertainamountofgas,whenthetemperatureisconstant,thepressureofgasdecreaseswiththedecreaseofvolume.第5题Foracertainamountofgas,whenthevolumeisconstant,thepressureincreaseswiththeincreaseoftemperature.第1题Aboutthemeaningoftemperature,therearestatementsasfollowings:（1）Thetemperatureofagasisameasureoftheaveragetranslationalkineticenergyofmolecules.（2）Thetemperatureofagasisthecollectiveexpressionofthethermalmotionofalargenumberofgasmolecules,whichhasstatisticalsignificance.(3)Thetemperaturereflectsthedifferenceintheintensityofmolecularmotionwithinasubstance.(4)Fromthemicroscopicpointofview,thetemperatureofthegasrepresentsthedegreeofcoolingandheatingofeachgasmolecule.Whichstatementsaretrue:A（1）、（2）、（3）B（1）、（2）、（4）C（2）、（3）、（4）D（1）、（3）、（4）第2题Inanairtightcontainer,threeidealgasesA,BandCarestoredinequilibrium.ThemoleculardensityofgasAisn1,andthepressureitproducesisp1.ThemoleculardensityofgasBis2n1,andthatofgasCis3n1,thenthepressurepofthemixedgasis

.Ap1B4p1C3p1D6p1第3题Ifabottleofheliumandabottleofnitrogenhavethesamedensity(masspervolume),thesameaveragetranslationalkineticenergy,andthey'rebothinequilibrium,thentheyAhavesametemperature,butthepressureofheliumislessthanthepressureofnitrogenBhavesametemperature,butthepressureofheliumisgreaterthanthepressureofnitrogenChavesametemperatureandsamepressureDhavedifferenttemperatureanddifferentpressure第4题A(A)B(B)C(C)D(D)HomeworkofWeek3:BasisofprobabilitytheoryandMaxwell第1题A（A）B（B)C(C)D(D)第2题A(A)B(B)C(C)D(D)第3题A(A)B(B)C(C)D(D)第4题Supposethattherateofsoundwavepassingthroughidealgasisproportionaltotheaveragethermalmotionrateofgasmolecules,thentheratiooftherateofsoundwavepassingthroughoxygenandhydrogenwiththesametemperatureisA1/4B1/3C1/2D1第5题A(A)B(B)C(C)D(D)HomeworkofWeek4:Chapter2Equilibriumstatetheoryofgasdynamics--MaxwellvelocitydistributionandBol第1题A(A)B(B)C(C)D(D)第2题A(A)B(B)C(C)D(D)第3题A18B22C26D32第4题A(A)B(B)C(C)D(D)HomeworkofWeek5Equipartitiontheoremofenergy第1题Inthestandardstate,oxygenwithavolumeratioof1:2ismixedwithhelium(bothregardedasarigidmolecularidealgas),andtheratioofinternalenergyofoxygenandheliuminthemixedgasisA1:2B5:3C10:3D5:6第2题A（A）B（B）C（C）D（D）第3题Twocontainersarerespectivelyfilledwithhydrogenandhelium.Iftheirtemperatureandmassareequal,then:ATheaveragetranslationalkineticenergyofthetwogasmoleculesisequal．BTheaveragekineticenergyofthetwogasmoleculesisequal．CTheaveragevelocitiesofthemoleculesofthetwogasesareequal．DThetwogaseshavethesameinternalenergy．第4题A（A）B（B）C（C）D（D）HomeworkofChapter3第1题Theviscosityofthegasatatmosphericpressureisgeneratedbythe_____________migrationofthegasmoleculesbetweenfluidlayerswithdifferentflowrates.AdirectionalmomentumBenergyCdensity第2题Gasheatconductionistheexchangeofmolecularpairsintheprocessofthermalmotionaccompaniedby_________exchange.AdirectionalmomentumBenergyCdensity第3题Ifyouputadropofredinkintoaglassofclearwater,afterawhilethewholeglassturnsred,aphenomenonknowninphysicsasAviscousphenomenonBheatconductionCdiffusion第4题A(A)B(B)C(C)D(D)第5题

Whichofthefollowingfourmethodsmustincreasetheaveragecollisionfrequencyofidealgasmolecules:ALowerthepressureandkeepthetemperatureconstant;BLowerthepressureandraisethetemperature;CIncreasethepressureanddecreasethetemperature;DIncreasethepressureandraisethetemperature;第6题Inanenclosedcontainercontaining1moleofhelium(consideredanidealgas),themeanfreepathofthemolecule'sirregularmotiondependsonlyonAmeancollisionfrequencyBpressureCtemperatureDvolume第7题A(A)B(B)C(C)D(D)HomeworkofChapter4ThefirstLawofthermodynamics第1题A(A)B(B)C(C)D(D)第2题Forarigiddiatomicidealgas,theratiooftheworkdonebythesystemtotheheatabsorbedfromtheoutsideworldunderisobaricexpansionisequaltoA2/3B2/5C1/2D2/7第3题AThegasdoespositiveworkandgivesoffheattotheoutsideworld.BThegasdoespositiveworkandabsorbsheatfromtheoutsideworld.CThegasdoesnegativeworkandgivesoffheattotheoutsideworld.DThegasdoespositivework,anditsinternalenergydecreases第4题A(A)B(B)C(C)D(D)第5题Theidealgasgoesthroughthecycleprocessasshowninthesolidlineinthefigure.Thetwoisochoric

linesarerespectivelytangenttothecycleprocesscurveatpointsa

andc.Thetwoisothermallines

aretangenttothecyclecurveatpointsb

andd.a,b,c

andd

dividethecycleintofourstages:ab,bc,cdandda.Therefore,theexothermicstageinthefourstagescanbeidentifiedas________

fromthefigure.AabBbcCcdDda第6题Asshowninthefigure,ifAcertainamountofidealgaschangesfromequilibriumstateA

toequilibriumstateB

(PA=PB),

thennomatterwhatprocessgoesthrough,thesystemmustAinternalenergyincreasesB

positiveworkdoneCheatabsorptionfromtheoutsideDexothermicheatHomeworkofWeek8第1题Acertainamountofidealgasgoesthroughaprocessof(1)or(2)fromtheinitialstate

a

tothefinalstate

b

inthefigure

p-V.Giventhata

and

b

areonthesameadiabaticline(thedashedlineinthefigureistheadiabaticline),thegasAabsorbs

heatfromtheoutsideworldinprocess

(1),andreleases

heattotheoutsideworldinprocess

(2).Breleases

heattotheoutsideworldinprocess

(1),andabsorbs

heatfromtheoutsideworldinprocess(2).Cabsorbs

heatfromtheoutsideworldinbothprocesses.Dreleases

heattotheoutsideworld

inbothprocesses.第2题Ifanidealgasisfreeexpandedbyvacuuminanadiabaticvessel,thenforthegasAincreasedinternalenergyBchangedinphasechangesCincreasedpressureDchangedinentropy第3题Themaximumpossibleefficiencyofanengineoperatingbetween100℃and400℃isapproximatelyA80%B45%C25%D15%第4题Thereis

1moleofidealgas,makingthecycleacba

asshowninthefigure.acb

isthesemi-arcand

ba

istheisobaricline,

pc=2pa

.

LetthegasabsorbheatQab

duringtheisobaricprocessofab.ThegasabsorbsnetheatduringthecycleQ_______QabA<B>C=Dnotsure第5题Foranidealgassystem,inthefollowingwhichprocesssystemisnegativeintermsoftheheatabsorbed,theincreaseininternalenergy,andtheworkdone?AIsochoricpressurereductionprocessBIsothermalexpansionprocessCAdiabaticexpansionprocessDIsobariccompressionprocess第6题Acertainamountofanidealgasstartsattemperature

T,hasvolumeV0,andthengoesthroughanadiabaticprocess,hasvolume2V0.Andthenaftertheisobaricprocess,thetemperaturegoesbacktothestartingtemperature.Finally,throughtheisothermalprocess,backtothestartingstate,inthiscycle:AThenetheatabsorbedbythegasfromtheoutside

world

isnegative;BThenetworkdonebythegastotheoutsideworldispositive;CThenetheatabsorptionofthegasfromtheoutsideworld

ispositive;DReductionininternal

energyofgas;HomeworkofWeek9第1题Thesecondlawofthermodynamicsstatesthat:AItisimpossibletotakeheatfromAsinglesourceandturnitallintousefulwork.BInareversibleprocess,thenetheatabsorbedbytheworkingsubstanceisequaltotheworkdone.CThefrictionalheatgenerationprocessisirreversible.DItisimpossibleforheattopassfromacoldbodytoahotone.第2题Accordingtothesecondlawofthermodynamics,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?AAnisothermandanadiabatmayhavetwopointsofintersection;BTwoadiabatsandanisothermmayconstituteacycle;CTwoisothermsandanadiabatlinemayconstituteacycle;DAnisothermandanadiabatcannothavetwopointsofintersection;第3题Asshowninthefigure,letathermodynamicsystemundergoaprocessfrom

c

→d

→e,whereab

isanadiabaticcurve,andaandc

areonthecurve.Thelawsofthermodynamicsshowthatthesysteminprocess：AHeatisconstantlybeingreleasedtotheoutsideworldBConstantlyabsorbingheatfromtheoutsideworld.CSomeareendothermicandsomeareexothermic,andtheheatabsorbedinthewholeprocessisgreaterthantheheatreleased.DSomestagesareendothermicandsomeareexothermic,andtheheatabsorbedinthewholeprocessislessthantheheatreleased.第4题"Whenanidealgascontactsasinglesourceofheatforisothermalexpansion,alltheheatabsorbedisusedforexternalwork."Whichofthefollowingistrue?Adoesnotviolatethefirstlawofthermodynamics,northesecondlawofthermodynamics.Bdoesnotviolatethesecondlawofthermodynamics,butitviolatesthefirstlawofthermodynamics.Cdoesnotviolatethefirstlawofthermodynamics,butitviolatesthesecondlawofthermodynamics.Dviolatesthefirstlawofthermodynamicsandthesecondlawofthermodynamics.第5题Judgmentonreversibleandirreversibleprocesses:(1)reversiblethermodynamicprocessmustbeaquasi-staticprocess;(2)Thequasi-staticprocessmustbeareversibleprocess;(3)Anirreversibleprocessisonethatcannotbecarriedoutintheoppositedirection;(4)Anyfrictionalprocessmustbeanirreversibleprocess.Oftheabovefourjudgments,thecorrectoneisA(1)、(2)、(4)．B

(1)、(4)．C(1)、(2)、(3)．D(2)、(4)．第6题A(A)B(B)C(C)D(D)HomeworkofWeek10第1题Anidealgasexpandsadiabaticallyintoavacuumfrom

V1

toV2,inthisprocess,forthegas:AWithconstantinternalenergy,entropyincreases.BConstantinternalenergy,decreasingentropy.Cinternalenergydoesn'tchange,entropydoesn'tchange.DInternalenergyincreases,entropyincreases.第2题Thef