浙江省诸暨市高三上学期12月月考英语试题

诸暨市年月高三诊断性考试试题英语第一部分：听力共两节，满分分)第一节共5小题；每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的、、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读二遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whoisthelittlegirl?A.Thewoman’ssister.B.Thewoman’sniece.C.Thewoman’sdaughter【答案】B【解析】【详解】M:HiHelen,Isawyouyesterdaywithalovelylittlegirlatthemarket.daughter?W:No,she’smysister’sdaughter.She’sjustvisitingandwillbestayingwithusforacoupleofdays.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whycannotthespeakersattendthemeeting?A.Theyfinditrescheduled.B.Theycannotmakeitthere.C.Theyareengagedotherwise.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Areyougoingtoattendthemeetingattwo?It’llbeginsoon.M:NoIcan’t.Ihaveanimportantreporttowriteandithastobehandedinbyfour.W:Ican’teither.Ihaveavisitingcustomeratthree.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatwillthemanaskSamtodo?A.contactthewoman.B.callhimback.C.fixhisputer.第1页/共26页【答案】C【解析】M:HeyRose,sorrytobotheryou.There’ssomethingwrongwithmyputerandIwanttocallSamforhelp.Canyougivemehisnewphonenumber?W:Sure.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inahotel.C.Inan【答案】B【解析】【详解】M:Hello,thisisEricGarmentinroom317.Ican’tfindmycellphone.IsitpossibleIleftitonthecounterafterIcheckedin?W:aminute,I’llcheckthelostandfoundboxforyou.M:Iwouldappreciatethat.W:Sorry,Idon’tseeithere.I’lltelltherestofthetokeepaneyeoutforit.I’msureitwillturnup.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Afilm.B.Anactor.C.Abook.【答案】A【解析】【详解】W:Thestoryconfusedmeabit.M:Ifounditabitconfusingtoo,andit’smuchtoolong.W:right.Theleadingactorwasgood,though.第二节共小题；每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的、、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。6.Whatwillthewomandoonthe21st?第2页/共26页A.Gotothecoast.B.longhours.C.Receivesometraining.7.Whatdoyouknowaboutthewomanasforvoluntarywork?A.Sheisagreenhand.B.Sheisn’tkeenonit.C.Sheiswellexperienced.【答案】6.C7.A【解析】【原文】M:SoAlice,whendoyoubegin?W:Istartonthe21st.I’mhopingtohurrytothecoastbeforeI’mtoobusy.M:Idon’tblameyou.goingtobeworkinglonghoursandyoushouldgetalittlerestbeforeitallstarts.W:don’tactuallystartworkingonthefirstday,butthere’sgoingtobesomehardtraining.Allnewvolunteersarerequiredtoplete10daysoftraining,soIdowanttogetalittleplaytimebeforethat.M:Ididn’trealizeyou’dneedtodothat.W:Oh,absolutely.haveclassesinthemorningandthenwe’repairedwithexperiencedvolunteersintheafternoontolearnthepracticalwork.8.Howoftendoesthemangototheschooltheaterclub?A.Everyevening.B.Onceaweek.C.amonth.9.What’sthewoman’sopiniononthecity?A.It’snoisy.B.It’scolorful.C.It’scrowded.10.Wheredoestheman’sproblemwithhiscitylifelie?A.Inrecreation.B.Inadaptation.C.Insocialization.【答案】8.B9.A10.B【解析】【原文】W:Whatdoyoudointheevening,John?M:Igototheschooltheaterclubeveryevening.Therestoftheweek,Iusuallystayhome.Idon’tlikethecityverymuch.W:Whydon’tyoulikethecity?M:BeforeImovedhere,Ilivedinavillage.Iknewallthepeopleinmyneighborhood.W:Lifeisdifferentinthecity.M:Iknow,butthevillagewasquietandtherewasonlyalittletraffic.Ihatethenoiseandthebusyroadshere.第3页/共26页W:SodoI.Ilivenearabusyroad.Sometimesthenoisekeepsmeawakeatnight.M:Ihatecrossingtheroadthemost.Therearebikes,motorbikes,andcarsingfromeverydirection.Theyreallyscareme.Whatisthemantryingtodo?A.Applyforaposition.BFindtheregistrationplace.C.Filloutsomepaperwork.12.Whatdifficultydoesthemanruninto?A.Hedoesn’tknowwhotoreportto.B.Hedidn’ttakethepaperworkalong.C.HehasnoideawhereHancockis.13.Whatwillthemandoaftertheconversation?A.Parkhiscar.B.Loadtheship.C.FindMs.Hancock.【答案】B12.C13.C【解析】【原文】M:Hi,mynameisMarcus.Iwassentovertohelpfillinforsomeoneintheshippingdepartment.I’mnotsurewheretogo.W:Thatdepends.probablysupposedtoreporttoeitherMr.JohnsonattheloadingareaorMs.Hancockoverinthegoodshouse.M:AccordingtothepaperworkIhave,I’msupposedtoreporttoMs.Hancock.youbeabletodirectmetowhereIcanfindher?W:Sure.needtogobackoutthestoreandthenacrosstheparkinglot.Thegoodshouseisjustbehindit.It’sabluebuilding.14.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A.Howtomakefriends.第4页/共26页B.Howtohostmeetings.C.Howtomakeateam.15.Whydoesthewomanhaveasmallcircleoffriends?A.Shetakesnointerestinschoolsports.B.Shejustputsintimeonherstudies.C.Shetendstoshyawayfrommeetings.16.Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?A.Signupforasport.B.Studywiththeman.C.Joinastudyclub.【答案】14.A15.B16.C【解析】【原文】W:CanyoubelievethatI’vebeenherealmostawholetermandyou’retheonlyfriendI’vemade?M:No,howcanthatbe?W:Idon’tknowmebetterthananyoneelsehereatschool.Ithoughtmaybeyoucouldgivemesomeadvice?M:Sure.Um,doyoubelongtoanyclubsororganizations?That’sthebestwaytomeetpeople.W:No,Idon’thavealotoftimetogotomeetings.M:NeitherdoI,butIdoplayschoolsports.It’sjustagroupthatmeetsregularlytoplaybasketball.Ofcourse,therearelotsofotherteams.couldjoinafootballteamorbaseball,volleyball...Justgoovertothesportscenterandsignup.Theywillputyouonateam.couldusesometimeawayfromthebooks.W:I’dliketodothat.ButIdon’twanttotaketimeawayfrommystudies.M:thenwhydon’tyoujoinastudygroup?Thatwayyouwouldn’tfeellikeyouarewastingtime,andbesides,thepeopleyoumeetwillbeseriousstudents.Somaybetheywouldbebetterfriendsforyou.W:Anyway,thissoundsgood.17.Whatisthespeakersharingwithus?A.tospendSaturdaymornings.B.Storiesconcerningpocketmoney.C.Hisgoodolddayswithhisbrother.18.WhatwasMrs.Bartlett’sattitudetochildren?第5页/共26页A.Patient.B.Generous.C.Dismissive.19.HowdidBernardfinallygetsweets?A.Bygivinguphiscards.B.ByplainingtoMum.C.Bystealingthecollection.20.Howdoyoufindthespeaker’smemories?A.Bitter.B.Fond.C.Fading.【答案】17B18.A19.B20.B【解析】【原文】M:I’dliketosharewithyoumychildhoodexperience.WhenIwasachild,IusedtolookforwardtoSaturdaymornings.ThatwaswhenmybrotherBernardandIgotourpocketmoneyfromourfather.IwouldputhalfofitinmymoneyboxandrunhappilywiththeresttoBartlett’s,thelittlelocalshopattheendofourstreet.ThereIwouldjointheotherboysandgirlseagertospendtheirSaturdaypocketmoney.AllMrs.Bartletthadwereafewthings,arrangedonasimplewoodenshelf,whichshekeptunderthecounterandbroughtoutforthechildrenonSaturday.Buttousitwasawonderfulsight:sugarballs,sweetsinbrightlycolouredpaper.Italwaystookagesforeachchildtodecidewhattobuy,butMrs.Bartlettdidn’tmind.Aslongastherewerenogrownupcustomerswaitingtobeserved,sheletustakeourtime.Bernardlikedsweets.Theproblemwasthathedidn’tlikebuyingthem.Hewenttothenewsagent’sshopthatsoldfootballcards.Hewasmadaboutthesepicturecardsoffamousfootballersandspentallhispocketmoneytryingtocollectwholeteamsofplayers.OnSaturdayafternoonshewouldsearchthehouseandfindoutwhereIwas.IfIdidn’thidemybagofsweetsquicklyenough,he’dseeitandsay,“CanIhaveone?”AndIwouldsay,“WhyshouldIgiveyouone?hadyourpocketmoneytoo.couldhaveboughtyourownsweets.”ThenBernardwouldgotoourmothertoplain.Mumwouldsay,“Jim,don’tbesomean.Shareyoursweetswithyourbrother.”Ithoughtthiswasreallyunfair,butIhadnochoice.第二部分：阅读理解共两节，满分分)第一节共个小题；每小题分，满分分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。第6页/共26页AtOxfordSummerCourses,wearemittedtonurturing(培养)curiousyoungmindsinthefieldofAI.forages1617,ouruniqueAIsummerschoolexperienceencouragesindependentthinkingwithinaninclusivemunity,hostedintheheartofCambridge.inCambridgeisagloballyfamousplaceforinnovationandtechnology,makingitanidealsettingforstudyingArtificialIntelligence.Hometosomeofthebrightestmindsandcuttingedgeresearch,thecityprovidesastimulatingenvironmentforstudentseagertoexplorethefutureoftechnology.TheAIcourseinCambridgebinestheoryandpracticalapplication,encouragingstudentstoengagewithrealworldchallengesandtechnologicaladvancements.StudentswillalsohavethechancetoexploreCambridge’siconiclandmarks,gaininginspirationfromitsrichacademiclegacy.TheArtificialIntelligencecourseinCambridgeisatwoweekprogramfilledwithinteractivelessons,codingchallenges,andgroupprojects.Eachdaypresentsnewopportunitiestoexploremachine,networkanddesign.tailorthecurriculumtosuitstudents’interestsandlearninggoals,ensuringadynamicandengagingexperience.Bytheendofthecourse,studentswillhavebuiltfoundationalAIskillsandgainedinsightsintohowAItechnologiesareshapingtheworld.Applyingiseasy.ClickthelinkattachedChooseyourcoursebyselectingthesubject,location,dates,andacmodation.Provideyourpersonalandschoolinformation,includingashortpersonalstatementaboutwhyyou’dbeagreatfit.Reviewandsubmityourapplication.Aftersubmission,ouradmissionsteamwillreviewyourdetails,andyou’llhearbackwithin23days.ApplynowtojoinusatOxfordSummerCourses21.Whoisthecoursetargetedat?A.AIcuriousteenagers.B.Professionalengineers.C.pupils.D.Innovativeresearchers.22.Whatmakesthetwoweekprogramdistinctive?A.Itsconventionalcurricula.B.Thelecturebasedprojects.C.Students’fullengagement.D.Itsfreeofchargeadmission.23.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Asciencemagazine.B.Aresearchinstitute.C.Anacademicjournal.D.Aneducationwebsite.第7页/共26页【答案】21.A22.C23.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。牛津暑期课程开设剑桥AI夏校，面向1617岁AI好奇青少年，课程融合理论实践，两周互动项目可夯实基础，申请便捷且反馈快。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“forages1617,ouruniqueAIsummerschoolexperienceencouragesindependentthinkingwithinaninclusivemunity,hostedintheheartofCambridge.(我们的专属人工智能夏令营专为16至17岁的青少年设计，旨在在一个包容的环境中激发独立思考能力，整个夏令营活动将在剑桥市中心举行)”可知，该课程的目标受众是对人工智能充满好奇的青少年。故选A。【22题详解】TheArtificialIntelligencecourseinCambridgeisatwoweekprogramfilledwithinteractivelessons,codingchallenges,andgroupprojects.Eachdaypresentsnewopportunitiestoexploremachine,networkanddesign.(剑桥大学的人工智能课程为期两周，课程内容包括互动式教学、编程挑战以及小组项目。每天都会为学员提供探索机器、网络和设计的新机会)”可知，这个为期两周的项目的独特之处是学生们可以充分参与。故选C。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Applyingiseasy.Clickthelinkattached申请很简单。点击下面附上的链接即可)”结合文章介绍了牛津暑期课程开设剑桥AI夏校，面向1617岁AI好奇青少年，课程融合理论实践，两周互动项目可夯实基础，申请便捷且反馈快。可知，文章选自一个教育网站。故选D。Mostpeoplecelebratetheir80thbirthdaywithcakeandcandles.BettyKellenbergercelebratedhersbymakinghistory.TheMichigannativerecentlybecametheoldestwomanevertohiketheentireAppalachian—asurprising2,200miledifficultwalkthatstretchesacross14states,withclimbsanddescentsequaltoclimbingMountEverest16times.seeincrediblepartsofourcountry,thingsthatyouwouldn’tseeotherwise,”saidKellenberger.“Somuchwildlife.It’sjustbeautiful.”KellenbergergrewuponafarminHowell,whereherfascinationwiththefamousfootpathbegan.Foryears,shedreamedabouthikingthetrailfromGeorgiatoMaine,butlifeneverallowedforthesixmonthmitmentitrequired.Eventually,sherealizedthatnothingwasholdingherback—soin2024,shetookherfirststepsonwhatwouldbeetheadventureofalifetime.第8页/共26页Thejourneywasn’teasy.Alongtheway,Kellenbergerfaceddehydration(脱水),falls,andevendisease.ItwasalsointerruptedbyHurricaneHelene,whichtorethroughtheeasternUnitedStatesandforcedhertopauseatthesouthernborder.Determinedtofinish,shereroutednorthandcontinuedinthespringof2025,bravingNewEngland’srockyterrainuntiltheveryend.Whenshefinallyreachedtheendofthetrail,theemotionshithard.“Soyou’reabasketcase,”shelaughed.havesomanyemotionsbecauseyou’reexcitedaboutfinishing.Iwasreallylookingforwardtosaying,‘Iamdone.’Butyoualsoknowyou’regoingtomissthisbigtime.notgoingtohavewhatyouhaveoutonthattrail.Thatpeace,thetranquility.”ShedescribedMaineandNewHampshireasthetougheststretches—butalsothemostrewarding.Now,aftermonthsofhikingthroughrain,heat,andhardship,Kellenbergersaysshe’sinthebestshapeofherlife.24.Whathistorydid80yearoldKellenbergermake?A.Shelivedaslongalifeas80years.B.Shespentalifetimeexploring.C.SheclimbedMountEverestallalone.D.Shemadealongtoughjourney.25.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphindicate?A.Thehikingwasherlonghelddream.B.Shewasanaturalsportsenthusiast.C.Hercelebrationwasonelikenoother.D.Herdifficultlifekilledherpursuit.26.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph5?A.Hersuccesswasinparable.B.Itwasaonceinalifetimechance.C.Theexperienceblewheraway.D.Shehadn’texpectedtheoute.27.WhichwordbestdescribesKellenbergerfromherepisode?A.Selfcentered.B.Emotional.C.Longlived.D.Adventurous.【答案】24.D25.A26.C27.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了80岁的贝蒂以徒步完2200英里阿巴拉契亚小径创纪录庆生，她圆了多年梦想，历经诸多艰险，终获难忘体验且身体状态极佳。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“TheMichigannativerecentlybecametheoldestwomanevertohiketheentireAppalachian—asurprising2,200miledifficultwalkthatstretchesacross14states,withclimbsanddescentsequaltoclimbingMountEverest16times.(这位来自密歇根州的女士最近成为了徒步完成整个阿巴拉契亚步道的最年长女性——这是一段长达2200英里的艰难旅程，横跨14个州，其中的攀登和下山的路程第9页/共26页相当于攀登珠穆朗玛峰16次)”可知，80岁的凯伦伯格经历了一段漫长而艰难的旅程。故选D。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“KellenbergergrewuponafarminHowell,whereherfascinationwiththefamousfootpathbegan.Foryears,shedreamedabouthikingthetrailfromGeorgiatoMaine,butlifeneverallowedforthesixmonthmitmentitrequired.(凯伦伯格儿时在霍厄尔的一个农场长大，正是在那里，她对那条著名的徒步路线产生了浓厚的兴趣。多年来，她一直梦想着从佐治亚州徒步走到缅因州，但生活却无法给予她那需要持续六个月的行程所需的时间)”可知，第三段表明这次徒步旅行是她长久以来的梦想。故选A。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Whenshefinallyreachedtheendofthetrail,theemotionshithard.“Soyou’reabasketcase,”shelaughed.havesomanyemotionsbecauseyou’reexcitedaboutfinishing.Iwasreallylookingforwardtosaying,‘Iamdone.’Butyoualsoknowyou’regoingtomissthisbigtime.notgoingtohavewhatyouhaveoutonthattrail.Thatpeace,thetranquility.”(当她终于走完这条小路时，内心的情感冲击力到兴奋。我原本真的很期待能说‘我完成了’。但你也知道，你肯定会怀念这段特别的经历。你不会再拥)”可知，这次经历令她大为震惊。故选C。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“TheMichigannativerecentlybecametheoldestwomanevertohiketheentireAppalachian—asurprising2,200miledifficultwalkthatstretchesacross14states,withclimbsanddescentsequaltoclimbingMountEverest16times.(这位来自密歇根州的女士最近成为了徒步完成整个阿巴拉契亚步道的最年长女性——这是一段长达2200英里的艰难旅程，横跨14个州，其中的攀登和下山的路程相当于攀登珠穆朗玛峰16次)”以及倒数第三段“Thejourneywasn’teasy.Alongtheway,Kellenbergerfaceddehydration(脱水),falls,andevenlydisease.ItwasalsointerruptedbyHurricaneHelene,whichtorethroughtheeasternUnitedStatesandforcedhertopauseatthesouthernborder.(这段旅程并非一帆风顺。在旅途中，凯伦伯格遭遇了脱水、摔倒以及各种疾病。此外，飓风海伦妮也给她带来了干扰，这场飓风席卷了美国东部地区，迫使她不得不在弗吉尼亚州南部边境暂停行程)80重重困难，坚持完成2200英里的艰难徒步，且将这段旅程视为毕生冒险，体现了她爱冒险、勇于挑战的特质。故选D。Fordecades,environmentalsciencefocusedonidentifyingisolated(孤立的)problemsandtheirdirectfixes.However,asignificantshiftisnowdefiningthefield:researchersaremovingfromalinear(线性的)viewto第10页/共26页understandingtheEarthasaplex,interconnectedsystem.Thisnewfundamentalchangerevealsthatwellintentionedactionscanhaveunintendedconsequences,makingthepathtosustainabilityfarmorenuanced(复杂).Themostconvincingevidenceforthisshiftesfromresearchonclimatefeedbackloops.Forinstance,scientistshavediscoveredthataswesuccessfullyreduceairpollution,wealsodecreasethereflectiveaerosols(气溶胶)thatoncesubtlycooledtheplanet.This“unmasking”accelerateswarming,revealingthefullforceofgreenhousegases.Similarly,thealarmingmeltofpermafrost(永冻土)isnotjustasignofwarming;itisapowerfuldriver,releasingvaststoresofmethaneandcarbondioxideinaselfreinforcingcycle.Thissystemicthinkingextendstoproposedsolutions.Theconceptofplantingtreesasasimplecarbonsinkisnowexaminedcarefully.ResearchshowsthatlargescaleafforestationinthewronglocationscanreducetheEarth’sreflectivity,absorbmoreheat,anddisturblocalwatercycles,potentiallynegatingthecarbonbenefits.Thefocushasthereforeswitchedtoecosystemspecificrestorationandaprehensivemanagementofnaturalcarbonstocks.Ultimately,thecentralinsightofmodernenvironmentalresearchisthatthereare.Thechallengeisnolongerjustaboutinventingcleanertechnologiesbutaboutmanagingplexsystems.Thenewfrontierisunderstandingtheseinterconnectionstodesignresilientstrategiesthatworkwiththeplanet’ssystems,notagainstthem.28.Whatdotheexamplesinparagraph2serveas?A.Theconsequencescaused.B.Thelikelihoodofthechange.C.Thesolidproofoftheshift.D.Theprospectofsustainability.29.Whatshouldsolutionstonaturalcarbonstocksbebasedon?A.Preciselocations.B.Systemicthinking.C.Localwatercycles.D.Greenhousegases.30.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“nosilverbullets”?A.Thesituationisworsening.B.Itisachallengelikeneverbefore.C.Thereisnosinglesolution.D.Researchworkisfarfromperfect.31.Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthearticle?A.AHarmoniousEcosystemistoArriveB.FromSimpleSolutionstoSystemicThinkingC.SustainableDevelopmentisFinallyinSightD.OnesizefitsallApproachesareHeretoStay第11页/共26页【答案】28.C29.B30.C31.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是环境科学正经历重大转变，从关注孤立问题及其直接解决方案的线性思维，转向将地球视为复杂互联系统的系统性思维。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Themostconvincingevidenceforthisshiftesfromresearchonclimatefeedbackloops.Forinstance,scientistshavediscoveredthataswesuccessfullyreduceairpollution,wealsodecreasethereflectiveaerosols(气溶胶)thatoncesubtlycooledtheplanet.(支持这一转变的最有力证据来自对气候反馈循环的研究。例如，科学家发现，当我们成功减少空气污染时，也同时减少了那些曾微妙地使地球降温的反射性气溶胶。)”可知，本段中的例子是这一转变的有力证据。故选C。【29题详解】Thissystemicthinkingextendstoproposedsolutions.(这种系统的思考延伸到提出的解决方案。)”和“Thefocushasthereforeswitchedtoecosystemspecificrestorationandaprehensivemanagementofnaturalcarbonstocks.(因此，重点已转向针对生态系统的恢复和对天然碳储量的综合管理。)”可知，针对自然碳储量的解决方案应该基于系统性思维。故选B。【30题详解】词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Thechallengeisnolongerjustaboutinventingcleanertechnologiesbutaboutmanagingplexsystems.(如今的挑战不再仅仅是发明更清洁的技术，而是要管理复杂的系统。)”可知，nosilverbullets的意思是“没有单一的解决办法”。故选C。【31题详解】Fordecades,environmentalsciencefocusedonidentifyingisolated(孤立的)problemsandtheirdirectfixes.However,asignificantshiftisnowdefiningthefield:researchersaremovingfromalinear(线性的)viewtounderstandingtheEarthasaplex,interconnectedsystem.(一直专注于识别孤立的问题并寻求直接解决方案。然而，如今该领域正发生重大转变：研究人员正从线性视角转向将地球视为一个复杂且相互关联的系统来加以理解。)”可知，本文主要讲的是环境科学正经历重大转变，从关注孤立问题及其直接解决方案的线性思维，转向将地球视为复杂互联系统的系统性思维，因此最好的标题是B选项“FromSimpleSolutionstoSystemicThinking(从简单解决方案到系统思考)B。Accordingtoanewstudy,menaroundtheworldhavegainedheightandweighttwiceasfastaswomenover第12页/共26页thepastcentury,drivinggreaterdifferencesbetweenthesexes.seeinginsightsintohowsexualselectionhasshapedthemaleandfemalebodyandhowimprovedenvironments,intermsoffoodandalowerburdenofdisease,havefreedusfromourshackles(束缚),”saidProfLewisHalseyattheUniversityofRoehampton.HalseyandhiscolleaguesuseddatafromtheHealthOrganization,overseasauthoritiesandUKrecordstoseehowheightandweighthavechangedwithlivingconditions.Thelatterwasmeasuredbythehumandevelopmentindex(HDI),ascorebasedonlifeexpectancy,timeineducationandpercapitaine,whichrangesfromzerotoone.Analysisofrecordsfromdozensofcountriesfoundthatforevery0.2pointincreaseinHDI,womenwereonaverage1.7cmtallerand2.7kgheavier,whilemenwere4cmtallerand6.5kgheavier.Thissuggeststhataslivingconditionsimprove,bothheightandweightincrease,butmorethantwiceasfastinmenthanwomen.inBiologyLettersinastudytitled“Thesexyandpowerfulmalebody:men’sheightandweightareconditiondependent,sexuallyselectedtraits(特性)”,thescientistssupposethatwomen’ssexualpreferencesmayhavefuelledatrendfortaller,moremuscularmenwhoarebelievedtobebetterabletodefendtheirpartnersandoffspringagainstothers.Thefindingsbuildonpreviousworkthatfoundwomenwanttallermenmorethanmenwantshorterwomen.But,whiletallerpeopletendtoearnmore,theyarealsomorelikelytodevelopvariouscancers,possiblybecausetheyhavemorecellsthatcanaccumulatemutations(突变)whichleadtothedisease.Michaelprofessorofecology,evolutionandbehaviourattheUniversityofMinnesota,saidthefasterincreaseinmaleheightandweightwas“striking”.Hesaiditwasconsistentwithalongstandingideathatfemalesare“themoreecologicallyrestricted”sexbecauseofthedemandsofreproduction,particularlyinmammals(哺乳动物)wheregeneratingandnursingare“energeticallyexpensive”.32.Whatdifferencesbetweenthesexesdothefindingsinvolve?A.Nutritionandhealth.B.Heightandweight.C.Schoolingandine.D.Genderandgrowth.33.Whatdidthestudyfocuson?A.Thecontributorstotheincrease.B.Theapproachtothephenomenon.C.Theconsequencesofthechange.D.Thetrendofhumandevelopment.34.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinparagraph6?A.Thebenefitsofgrowingathletic.B.Thepreferencesforpartners.第13页/共26页C.Thecausesofdevelopingcancer.D.Thedownsidesofbeingtall.35.Whyistheincreaseinfemaleheightandweightlessstriking?A.prioritizehealthoverheight.B.biologicalroledominatesit.C.Malestendtochooseshorterwomen.D.Theyfallvictimtosomewrongideas.【答案】32.B33.A34.D35.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了新研究表明，过去百年男性身高体重增速为女性两倍，或与性选择及生活条件改善有关，高个子有优势但也更易患癌。【32题详解】Accordingtoanewstudy,menaroundtheworldhavegainedheightandweighttwiceasfastaswomenoverthepastcentury,drivinggreaterdifferencesbetweenthesexes.(的一个世纪里，世界各地的男性身高和体重的增长速度是女性的两倍，这进一步拉大了男女之间的身高和体重差异)”可知，这些研究结果揭示了男女之间的身高与体重差异。故选B。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“inBiologyLettersinastudytitled“Thesexyandpowerfulmalebody:men’sheightandweightareconditiondependent,sexuallyselectedtraits(特性)”,thescientistssupposethatwomen’ssexualpreferencesmayhavefuelledatrendfortaller,moremuscularmenwhoarebelievedtobebetterabletodefendtheirpartnersandoffspringagainstothers.(在《生物学通讯》杂志上发表的一项名为《性感且强大的男性体态：男性身高和体重是受环境影响、由性选择形成的特征》的研究中，科学家们推测，女性的性偏好可能推动了这一趋势：即出现更高、更健壮的男性，因为这类男性被认为更有能力保护自己的伴侣和后代免受其他人的侵害)”可知，这项研究的重点是造成这一增长的因素。故选A。【34题详解】Thefindingsbuildonpreviousworkthatfoundwomenwanttallermenmorethanmenwantshorterwomen.But,whiletallerpeopletendtoearnmore,theyarealsomorelikelytodevelopvariouscancers,possiblybecausetheyhavemorecellsthatcanaccumulatemutations(突变)whichleadtothedisease.(这些研究结果进一步证实了此前的一项发现，即女性想要高个男性的程度超过男性想要矮个女性的程度。不过，尽管身材较高的人往往收入更高，但他们患各种癌症的风险也更高，这可能是因为他们体内的细胞数量更多，更容易积累突变从而引发疾病)”可知，第六段主要谈论的是身高过高带来的弊端。故选D。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Hesaiditwasconsistentwithalongstandingideathatfemalesare“themore第14页/共26页ecologicallyrestricted”sexbecauseofthedemandsofreproduction,particularlyinmammals(哺乳动物)wheregeneratingandnursingare“energeticallyexpensive”.(应方面“更具局限性”，这是因为生育的需求所致，尤其是在哺乳动物中，产仔和哺乳过程“能量消耗巨大”)”可知，女性身高和体重的增长幅度没有那么显著是因为女性的生理特性起着主导作用。故选B。第二节共5个小题；每小题分，满分分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。haveskincancer.”Noonewantstohearsuchscarywords.Andunfortunately,thenumberofthosewhohearthemjustkeepsrising.TheHealthOrganization(WHO)estimatesglobalcancerrateswillincrease77percentby2050.____36____Byadoptingafewhealthyhabitsandmakingsmartchoices,peoplecanreducetheirriskofdevelopingskincancer.OneofthemostimportantwaysistolimityourexposuretoUVraysfromthesun.UVraysarestrongestbetween10a.m.and4p.m.,soit’sbesttostayindoorsorintheshadeduringthesehours.Ifyouhavetobeinthesun,wearprotectiveclothing.____37____Thesemeasurescanshelteryoufromharmfulradiationandpreventsunburn,whichisamajorriskfactorforskincancer.____38____Chooseatypewithasunprotectionfactorofatleast30.ItshouldprotectagainstbothkindsofUVraysthatcausedamagetoyourskin.Applyittoallexposedskin,includingyourface,neck,earsandhands,evenoncloudydays.Putitoneverytwohoursormoreoftenifyou’reswimmingorsweating.Regularskinchecksarealsokeyinthepreventionofskincancer.Itisvitaltoexamineyourskinonceamonthforspots,moles(痣)orgrowths.Beonthelookoutforchangesinsize,shapeorcolor.formolesthathaveonesidethatisdifferentfromtheother.____39____Ifamoleisbiggerthanapencileraseroritsappearanceischanging,consultaskindoctorimmediately.Healthyskinisbeautiful.____40____A.Lookatthesize,too.B.Beautyisonlyskindeep.C.SunglassesthatblockUVraysarealsoamust.D.Protectingitisoneofthebestthingsyoucando.E.areboundtobefreefromanyskinproblemsmentioned.F.Usingsunscreenisanotherimportantwaytoprotectyourskin.G.Butthegoodnewsisthatit’salsooneoftheeasiesttoprevent.第15页/共26页【答案】36.G37.C38.F39.A40.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了预防皮肤癌的实用方法。【36题详解】前文“haveskincancer.”Noonewantstohearsuchscarywords.Andunfortunately,thenumberofthosewhohearthemjustkeepsrising.TheHealthOrganization(WHO)estimatesglobalcancerrateswillincrease77percentby2050.(卫生组织(WHO)估计，到2050年，全球癌症发病率将上升77%。)”提到皮肤癌发病率上升的严峻现实，后文“Byadoptingafewhealthyhabitsandmakingsmartchoices,peoplecanreducetheirriskofdevelopingskincancer.()”转向通过健康习惯G项“Butthegoodnewsisthatit’salsooneoftheeasiesttoprevent.()后文的措施，其中的it指代前文的skincancer。故选G。【37题详解】前文“Ifyouhavetobeinthesun,wearprotectiveclothing.(如果你必须在阳光下，穿上防护服。)”提到防护紫外线的衣物，后文“Thesemeasurescanshelteryoufromharmfulradiationandpreventsunburn,whichisamajorriskfactorforskincancer.(因素。)C项“SunglassesthatblockUVraysarealsoamust.(能阻挡紫外线的太阳镜也是必需品。)”符合语境，和前文构成递进关系。故选C。