初中英语《词汇运用》专项练习与解析 (100 题)

初中英语《词汇运用》专项练习与解析(100题)姓名：________分数：________时间：90分钟说明：本试卷严格对标初中英语课程标准，贴合课堂教学与中考备考实际，精选词汇运用高频题型，共100道题，每题1分。涵盖词性转换、词义辨析、固定搭配、词汇填空、根据句意及首字母填单词五大题型，全面考查词汇的理解、辨析与灵活运用能力。卷尾附详细参考答案与解析，助力学生夯实词汇基础，掌握运用技巧。一、词汇运用（共100题，每题1分，满分100分）（一）词性转换（共20题）根据句意及所给单词的适当形式填空，使句子通顺、语法正确。Ourteacherisvery________(friend)tous.Wealllikeher.Thisisa________(wonder)trip.Wehadagreattime.Hewantstobea________(science)whenhegrowsup.The________(child)areplayinghappilyinthepark.Mymothercooks________(deliciously)foodforuseveryday.Weshouldprotectthe________(nature)environment.His________(ill)madehisparentsveryworried.ShespeaksEnglishvery________(fluent).Shewonthespeechcontest.The________(develop)ofourcityisgettingfasterandfaster.It's________(danger)toplaywithfire.Heisa________(care)student.Healwaysmakesmistakesinhishomework.Wehavea________(month)testoneachsubject.Thelittlegirlhasa________(love)smile.He________(quick)finishedhishomeworkandwentouttoplay.Thisbookisvery________(help)forourEnglishstudy.The________(visit)fromAmericawillcometoourschooltomorrow.Sheshowedusher________(collect)ofstamps.Weshouldbe________(thank)toourparentsfortheirlove.The________(hot)ofsummermakespeoplefeeluncomfortable.Heisa________(success)businessman.Heownsmanycompanies.（二）词义辨析（共20题）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最符合句意的一项。Mysisterlikes________(A.listen/B.listening/C.tolistening/D.listens)tomusicinherfreetime.Thereis________(A.a/B.an/C.the/D./)importantmeetingthisafternoon.He________(A.spent/B.took/C.cost/D.paid)twohoursfinishinghishomeworkyesterday.—Whichseasondoyoulikebest?—Ilikespring________(A.good/B.better/C.best/D.well).Shehas________(A.toomany/B.toomuch/C.muchtoo/D.manytoo)homeworktodotoday.Weshould________(A.protect/B.prevent/C.keep/D.stop)animalsfrombeingkilled.Hearrived________(A.in/B.at/C.on/D.for)Beijingyesterdayevening.Thisstoryis________(A.interesting/B.interested/C.interest/D.interests)thanthatone.—CanIborrowyourpen?—Sorry,I________(A.lend/B.borrowed/C.havelent/D.haveborrowed)ittoTom.Sheis________(A.such/B.so/C.very/D.quite)akindgirlthateveryonelikesher.Wewillhaveapicnicifit________(A.won'train/B.doesn'train/C.isn'train/D.didn'train)tomorrow.Hehastwobrothers.Oneisadoctor,________(A.other/B.another/C.theother/D.others)isateacher.Theteacheraskedusto________(A.puton/B.wear/C.dress/D.in)ouruniformstomorrow.Idon'tknow________(A.whattodoit/B.howtodoit/C.howtodo/D.whatdoit).Hehaslivedinthiscity________(A.for/B.since/C.in/D.on)10years.—What'sthe________(A.price/B.cost/C.value/D.money)ofthisbook?—It's20yuan.She________(A.may/B.can/C.must/D.might)beathomenow.Thelightison.Weshouldtryourbestto________(A.improve/B.increase/C.raise/D.lift)ourEnglishlevel.Hemadea________(A.decision/B.decide/C.decisive/D.deciding)tostudyhard.Thefilmisworth________(A.watch/B.watching/C.towatch/D.watched).（三）固定搭配（共20题）根据句意及所给单词或汉语提示，填入适当的词，使句子符合固定搭配要求。Heisgood________playingbasketball.(填介词)Mymotheroftenremindsme________(finish)myhomeworkontime.(填动词适当形式)Weshouldpayattention________ourpronunciation.(填介词)Hesucceeded________passingtheexam.(填介词)It'stimeforus________(go)toschool.(填动词适当形式)Sheislookingforwardto________(see)herfriends.(填动词适当形式)Weshouldtakecare________theoldpeople.(填介词)Hemadeamistake,soheapologized________histeacher.(填介词)Myfatherusedto________(smoke),butnowhedoesn't.(填动词原形)Sheisbusy________(prepare)fortheparty.(填动词适当形式)Wedepend________ourparentswhenweareyoung.(填介词)Headvisedme________(notgo)outaloneatnight.(填动词适当形式)Theteacheraskedustolook________thenewwordsinthedictionary.(填介词)Sheisafraid________dogs.(填介词)Wespentalotoftime________(do)exercise.(填动词适当形式)Heisinterested________history.(填介词)Mymothertoldmetogiveup________(eat)junkfood.(填动词适当形式)Weshouldlearn________eachother.(填介词)Hedecided________(travel)toBeijingnextmonth.(填动词适当形式)Sheisproud________herson'sachievements.(填介词)（四）词汇填空（共20题）根据句意及汉语提示，填入适当的单词，使句子通顺、语法正确（每空一词）。Myfavorite________(科目)isEnglish.Weshould________(节约)waterandelectricity.Therearemany________(美丽的)flowersinthegarden.He________(到达)atschoolontimeeveryday.Mymotherisa________(护士)inahospital.Wehada________(愉快的)weekendwithourfamily.The________(天气)isfinetoday.Wecangoforawalk.She________(花费)twohoursreadingbookseveryday.Weshouldprotectthe________(环境)aroundus.Myfatherboughtanew________(自行车)forme.The________(图书馆)isagoodplacetoreadbooks.Heisa________(诚实的)boy.Henevertellslies.Wecelebrate________(春节)withourfamilyeveryyear.She________(邀请)herfriendstoherbirthdayparty.The________(温度)isverylowtoday.Pleasewearwarmclothes.He________(赢得)thefirstprizeintheEnglishcontest.Weshouldkeepourclassroom________(干净的)everyday.Myfavorite________(水果)isapple.Shewantsto________(成为)ateacherwhenshegrowsup.Wewenttothe________(博物馆)yesterday.（五）根据句意及首字母填单词（共20题）根据句意及首字母提示，填入适当的单词，使句子通顺、语法正确（每空一词）。Myfavoritecolorisb________,likethesky.Hegetsupe________everymorningtoexercise.Weshouldeatmorevegetablestokeeph________.ThesummervacationstartsinJ________andendsinAugust.Shelikesreadingbooksinthel________.Myfatherd________acartoworkeveryday.TheSpringFestivalisatraditionalC________festival.Heisgoodatplayingthep________.Heplaysitverywell.It'sr________outside.Pleasetakeanumbrella.Weshouldhelpeacho________inourdailylife.Thelittlegirlisverys________.Sheisafraidtospeakinpublic.Mymotheroftencooksd________foodforus.Hes________inNo.3MiddleSchool.Thesunrisesinthee________andsetsinthewest.Wehadagreatt________atthepartylastnight.Shewantstot________aroundtheworldwhenshegrowsup.Thecomputerisausefuli________.Heworkshardtoi________hisEnglishlevel.Myfavoriteseasoniss________.Thetreesturngreen.Pleasebeq________inthelibrary.Don'ttalkloudly.参考答案与解析（一）词性转换（共20题）friendly解析：形容词作表语，friend的形容词形式为friendly（友好的）。wonderful解析：形容词修饰名词trip，wonder的形容词形式为wonderful（精彩的）。scientist解析：不定冠词a后接名词，science对应的职业名词为scientist（科学家）。children解析：由are可知主语为复数，child的复数形式为children（孩子们）。delicious解析：形容词修饰名词food，deliciously为副词，此处需用形容词delicious（美味的）。natural解析：形容词修饰名词environment，nature的形容词形式为natural（自然的）。illness解析：名词所有格his后接名词，ill的名词形式为illness（疾病）。fluently解析：副词修饰动词speaks，fluent的副词形式为fluently（流利地）。development解析：定冠词the后接名词，develop的名词形式为development（发展）。dangerous解析：固定句型It's+形容词+todosth.，danger的形容词形式为dangerous（危险的）。careless解析：由“总是犯错”可知此处为“粗心的”，care的形容词形式careless（粗心的）。monthly解析：形容词修饰名词test，month的形容词形式为monthly（每月的）。lovely解析：形容词修饰名词smile，love的形容词形式为lovely（可爱的）。quickly解析：副词修饰动词finished，quick的副词形式为quickly（快速地）。helpful解析：形容词作表语，help的形容词形式为helpful（有帮助的）。visitors解析：由fromAmerica可知此处为“游客”，visitor的复数形式为visitors（游客们）。collection解析：形容词性物主代词her后接名词，collect的名词形式为collection（收藏）。thankful解析：固定搭配bethankfultosb.，thank的形容词形式为thankful（感激的）。heat解析：定冠词the后接名词，hot的名词形式为heat（热度）。successful解析：形容词修饰名词businessman，success的形容词形式为successful（成功的）。（二）词义辨析（共20题）B解析：likedoingsth.表示“喜欢做某事”，为固定搭配，故选B。B解析：important是以元音音素开头的单词，前面用不定冠词an，故选B。A解析：spendtime(in)doingsth.表示“花费时间做某事”，主语为人，故选A。C解析：由问句“最喜欢哪个季节”可知用最高级best，故选C。B解析：homework为不可数名词，toomuch修饰不可数名词，故选B。A解析：protect...from...表示“保护……免受……”，prevent/stop...from...表示“阻止……做……”，结合句意选A。A解析：Beijing为大地点，arrivein后接大地点，arriveat后接小地点，故选A。A解析：interesting修饰物，interested修饰人，由than可知用比较级moreinteresting，故选A。C解析：由“抱歉”可知笔已经借给汤姆了，用现在完成时havelent，lendsth.tosb.表示“把某物借给某人”，故选C。A解析：such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that从句，so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句，结合句式选A。B解析：if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，故选B。C解析：两者中的另一个用theother，one...theother...表示“一个……另一个……”，故选C。A解析：puton强调“穿上”的动作，wear强调“穿着”的状态，dress后接人，in为介词，结合句意选A。B解析：howtodoit表示“如何做这件事”，whattodo表示“做什么”，it为宾语，故选B。A解析：for后接时间段，since后接时间点，10years为时间段，故选A。A解析：询问价格用What'sthepriceof...，故选A。C解析：由“灯亮着”可知推测她一定在家，must表示肯定推测，故选C。A解析：improve表示“提高（水平、能力等）”，increase表示“增加（数量）”，raise表示“举起、筹集”，lift表示“抬起”，结合句意选A。A解析：makeadecision表示“做决定”，为固定搭配，故选A。B解析：beworthdoingsth.表示“值得做某事”，为固定搭配，故选B。（三）固定搭配（共20题）at解析：begoodatdoingsth.表示“擅长做某事”，为固定搭配。tofinish解析：remindsb.todosth.表示“提醒某人做某事”，为固定搭配。to解析：payattentiontosth.表示“关注某事”，为固定搭配。in解析：succeedindoingsth.表示“成功做某事”，为固定搭配。togo解析：It'stimeforsb.todosth.表示“到某人做某事的时间了”，为固定搭配。seeing解析：lookforwardtodoingsth.表示“期待做某事”，to为介词，后接动名词。of解析：takecareof表示“照顾”，为固定搭配。to解析：apologizetosb.表示“向某人道歉”，为固定搭配。smoke解析：usedtodosth.表示“过去常常做某事”，为固定搭配，后接动词原形。preparing解析：bebusydoingsth.表示“忙于做某事”，为固定搭配。on解析：dependon表示“依靠、依赖”，为固定搭配。nottogo解析：advisesb.nottodosth.表示“建议某人不要做某事”，为固定搭配。up解析：lookup表示“查阅（字典、资料等）”，为固定搭配。of解析：beafraidofsth.表示“害怕某物”，为固定搭配。doing解析：spendtimedoingsth.表示“花费时间做某事”，为固定搭配。in解析：beinterestedinsth.表示“对某事感兴趣”，为固定搭配。eating解析：giveupdoingsth.表示“放弃做某事”，为固定搭配。from解析：learnfromeachother表示“互相学习”，为固定搭配。totravel解析：decidetodosth.表示“决定做某事”，为固定搭配。of解析：beproudof表示“为……感到骄傲”，为固定搭配。（四）词汇填空（共20题）subject解析：“科目”译为subject，由is可知用单数形式。save解析：“节约”译为save，情态动词should后接动词原形。beautiful解析：“美丽的”译为beautiful，修饰名词flowers。arrives解析：“到达”译为arrive，主语he为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式arrives。nurse解析：“护士”译为nurse，不定冠词a后接单数形式。pleasant解析：“愉快的”译为pleasant，修饰名词weekend。weather解析：“天气”译为weather，为不可数名词。spends解析：“花费”译为spend，主语she为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式spends。environment解析：“环境”译为environment，为不可数名词。bicycle/bike解析：“自行车”译为bicycle或bike，不定冠词a后接单数形式。library解析：“图书馆”译为library，由is可知用单数形式。honest解析：“诚实的”译为honest，修饰名词boy。SpringFestival解析：“春节”译为SpringFestival，为专有名词，首字母大写。invited解析：“邀请”译为invite，结合句意可知用一般过去时invited。temperature解析：“温度”译为tem