2025~2026学年上海市控江中学高二上学期期中考试英语试卷

2025~2026学年上海市控江中学高二上学期期中考试英语试卷一、语法填空Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.AreSummeringandMedalingAnnoying?Whilemanyofusinthenorthernhemispheremayhavebeenawaysomewherenicerecently,notmanyofuswouldsaythatwe’ve‘summered’.“Summer”isclearlyanoun,or1(precisely),a“verbified”noun.Waybackinourchildhood,wealllearnedthedifferencesbetweenanoun(person,placeorthing)andaverb(actionword).2suchatidydefinition,itwaseasytospotthedifference.Notsoinadulthood,whereweareexpectedto“foot”bills,“chair”committees,and“dialogue”withpoliticalopponents.Chancesareyoudon’tfeeluncomfortableatthesightofthose3(verb)nouns.“TheverbingofnounsisasoldtheEnglishlanguage,”saysPatriciaO’Conner,aformereditorattheTheNewYorkTimesBookReview.Expertsestimatethat20percentofallEnglishverbswereoriginallynouns.Andthephenomenonseems4(snowball).Since1900,about40percentofallnewverbshavecomefromnouns.5conversion(转化)isquiteuniversal,plentyofgrammariansobjecttothepractice,WilliamStrunkJr.andE.B.White,inTheElementsofStyle—theBiblefortheuseofAmericanEnglish—havethistosay:“Manynounslately6(press)intoserviceasverbs.Notallarebad,butallaresuspect.”TheChicagoManualofStyletakesasimilarstandpoint,7(advise)writerstouseverbsinthiswaycautiously,ifatall.Soarethereanyrulesfroverbing?BenjaminDreyer,copychiefatRandomHouse,doesn’tofferarule,butsuggeststhatpeoplethintwiceabout“verbifying”anounifit’seasilyreplaceableby8alreadyexistingpopularverb.Makesureitisdescriptivebutnotsillysounding,hesays.Intheend,however,styleissubjective.IfIinviteyouto“Facebookme”,you’llknowexactly9Imean.IsupposeIcouldaskyoutocontactmeonFacebookortoconnectwithmeonFacebook,butwhybother?“Facebookme”iseasytosay.EasyconversionofnounstoverbshasbeenpartofEnglishgrammarforcenturies;itisoneoftheprocesses10makeEnglish“English”.Noteverycoinagepassesintogeneraluse,butasfortryingtoendverbingtogether,forgetit.二、选词填空Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.applicationB.boastC.contrastD.earnE.empowers

F.engageG.followingH.responseI.subjectJ.tracksK.varyingWhatIsaSocialMediaInfluencer?Theterm“influencer”mayseemlikeafairlynewadditiontoourwordbank,butfirstusesdatebacktothe1660s.Still,its11tosocialmedia—relativelynewinitsownright—isamorerecentphenomenon.Whilethe“veryfirst”commercialinfluencermaybelostsomewhereintherecordsofhistory,productpackagingandmagazineadvertsofthepastprovideabreadcrumbtrail(蛛丝马迹)that12theearlyevolutionofinfluencermarketing.FromtheMarlboroMan,toSantaClaus,imaginarycharactershaveofferedtriedandtruewaystoestablishapersonalizedconnectionbetweenproductsandconsumers.Eventually,theseinfluentialspokespersonsledtothemodernsocialmediainfluencer—someonewhohasbuiltasizable13acrossoneormoresocialmediachannels.Alongwithdifferencesinsizeandreach,thechannels,contentformats,andcategorieswillalsoshapetheinfluencerdefinitionto14degrees.Throughouttheevolutionofsocialmedia,itsvarietyofplatformshavecontinuallychangedin15touserbehaviorandexpectations.Whetherit’sYouTube,Instagram,Facebook,orTwitch,thesesocialmediachannelsofferinfluencersdifferentwaystocreate,publish,andconsumecontent,aswellas16anaudience.Thus,theinfluencerdefinitionis17tochangewiththeever-changingsocialmediascene,andallvariablesmustbetakenintoconsiderationwhendefiningsocialmediainfluencers.Today,askingforthedefinitionofaninfluencer—oreveninfluencermarketing—couldresultinalargenumberofdifferentanswers.However,attheircore,influencersaresocialmediapersonalitieswithloyalaudiencesthatthey18bysharingcontentthatinspires,entertains,informs,andconnectsthemwiththeirfollowers.Thisdirectlineofcommunication19influencerstogeneratesocialconversations,driveengagement,andultimately,settrendsamongareceptiveandsociallywiseaudience.Socialmediainfluencersaregenerallycategorizedbytwomaintiers—micro-andmacro-influencers.Whilemicro-influencershavefollowingsbetween10,000to50,000,macro-influencers20audiencesbetween500,000to1million.Butthesecategoriescanbebrokendownevenfurthertoincludethewiderangeofsocialmediainfluencers.三、完形填空Biodiversityisaconceptthat'scommonlyreferenced,yetregularlymisunderstood.Thecomplex_______notonlyreferstotheunbelievablevarietyoflifeonEarth,buttohoweverythingfromgenestoentireecosystemsinteracttomaketheplanethabitable.Thebadnews:scienceshowsthatbiodiversityis_______worldwideatafasterratethanatanytimeinhumanhistory.That’sobviouslydevastatingforeverythinginnature--includingus.“Ifbiodiversitydisappears,sodopeople,”saysDr.StephenWoodley,fieldecologistandbio-diversityexpertwiththeInternationalUnionforConservationofNature.“Wearepartofthe_______andwedonotexistwithoutit.”Preventingsuchacatastrophe,saysWoodley,beginswithunderstandingwhybiodiversityisdeclining,andthentakingactionto_______course.“Thetwogreatest_______ofbiodiversitylossarehabitatloss,primarilyonland,andoverexploitation,primarilyintheocean,”Woodleysays.Heexplainsthatwecansolvetheseproblemsbypermanently_______morelandsandoceansandmanagingthemfortheirconservationvalues.That'sthemissionoftheglobalCampaignforNature,apartnershipoftheWyssFoundationandtheNationalGeographicSociety.Insteadofsimplyprotecting30percentoftheEarth,the_______alsoencouragesnations,infullpartnershipwithlocalcommunities,tofocusontheright30percent.Thoseareas,saysWoodley,_______themostimportantbiodiversity,suchasendangeredspeciesandecosystemsandrarespeciesandecosystems.Thecampaignalsorecognizestheimportanceof_______localrights.Localpeoplesmanageorholdtenure(保有权)overlandsthatsupportabout80percentoftheworld'sbiodiversity,makingit________forthesecommunitiestobefullpartnersindevelopingandimplementingstrategies.________,protectingthehealthofkeybiodiversityareasisvitalfortacklingclimatechange,saysNationalGeographicExplorer-in-ResidenceDr.EnricSala.PairingtheinternationalParisAgreementtocombatclimatechange,Sala'spaperasserts,“would________catastrophic(灾难性的)climatechange,conservespecies,andsecureessentialecosystemservices.”“Biodiversityisstability,”saysSala.“Trees,wetlands,grasslands,peatbogs(泥炭沼泽),saltmarshes(盐沼),healthyoceanecosystems,mangroves(红树林),andplants________muchofthecarbonpollutionhumansputintotheatmosphere.Yet,rightnow,lessthanhalfoftheplanetisinitsnaturalstate,whichisn'tenough.”Bottomline:Natureneedsustoact-now.“MovingtoMarsisnota(n)________,”Salaadds.“TheonlyconditionsforourlifeandfortheprosperityofhumansocietyarehereonEarth...weare________protectingit.”21.A．argumentB．termC．structureD．problem22.A．alteringB．developingC．stabilizingD．worsening23.A．ecosystemB．threatC．cycleD．procedure24.A．affectB．changeC．reverseD．continue25.A．aspectsB．causesC．consequencesD．occasions26.A．acquiringB．protectingC．exploitingD．possessing27.A．managementB．announcementC．campaignD．competition28.A．consumeB．destroyC．loseD．contain29.A．denyingB．enjoyingC．ignoringD．respecting30.A．essentialB．simpleC．temporaryD．profitable31.A．BesidesB．HoweverC．ThusD．Otherwise32.A．witnessB．detectC．confirmD．avoid33.A．measureB．absorbC．surviveD．prevent34.A．missionB．decisionC．optionD．exploration35.A．worriedaboutB．confidentinC．responsibleforD．goodat四、阅读理解Onour20thanniversary,SusanandIheadedoffforafewdaystoalovelyvalleyaboutanhouraway.Wedidn’tknowmuchaboutthetown,butthatwasfine.Ourgoalwasreallyjusttorenewourfaithineachother.WebeganbystockingupatthequirkyVillageMarketinGlenEllen,California.Withinminutes,friendlylocalsspottedusandstartedchattingintheaisleswithcharmingtips.YougottahiketoJackLondon’shouse.Oh,dinnerattheFigCafé.Hourslater,havingfollowedtheiryellowbrickroadallday,wewalked,delirious,backfromdinnertoourcreeksideinn.“IthinkIcouldlivehere,”Susansaid.ItturnsoutthatGlenEllen’scontagiousspiritwasnotourpassingillusion.InOctober2017,theNunsFireboredownonthistownnearSantaRosa.Anastounding183ofGlenEllen’s750orsohomesburneddown.AmongthemwasJillDawson’splace,justacrossthecreekfromtheinntowhichwehadreturnedthenextanniversary,andfourmoreinturn.IcalledJillafterreadingherfamily’sstory.Shesoundedjustlikethespirited,generoustypeSusanandIhavelovedmeetinginGlenEllen.Afterthefire,shetoldme,herfamily’sprospectsforstayinginthetownlookedbleak.ButresidentsmobilizedonFacebookandintheVillageMarkettobrainstormhowtohouseoneanother.Hearingoftheirplight,someneighborswhobarelyknewtheDawsonsplacedtwonewtrailersnexttotheirhouse,whichhadn’tburned,forJill’sfamily.“TheirnameistheFosters,andItellthem,‘Youjustcan’thelpit,’”Jillsays,laughingatherownpun.Jillandherhusband,Art,havelivedinoneofthetrailersforayearwhilesortingthroughhowtorebuild.Theyareonlytwoofthemanyresidentswhowereabletoremainclosethankstotheirneighbors’selflessness.“I’mgratefulforlittleGlenEllen,”Jillsays.“Theamountofpassionatepeopleandgrassrootseffortsworkingtokeepthisplacesupportiveisamazing.Thekindnessthing,it’sstillhugehere.”InkickingoffourannualNicestPlaceinAmericasearch,letGlenEllenbejustoneexample.Somanycities,workplaces,churches,schools,andotherlocationsthrivebecause,well,“thekindnessthing,it’sstillhuge.”PleasetakethetimetogotoRD.COM/NICESTtotellusaboutoneyoulove.Thankyou!36.WhatdidtheauthorthinkofGlenEllenduringhisseveraltripsthere?

A．HefoundGlenEllentobeadynamictownwithrapiddevelopment.B．HehadmixedfeelingsaboutGlenEllen,bothpositiveandnegative.C．HethoughtGlenEllenwasaplacewhichdeepenedfaithinherwife.D．Hedevelopedapositiveimpressionofitswelcomingcommunityspirit.37.HowdidtheGlenEllencommunityrespondtotheNunsFireinOctober2017?

A．Theyreliedsolelyongovernmentaidforrecoveryefforts.B．Theyspontaneouslyformedaneighborhoodwatchprogram.C．Theyheldaseriesoffundraiserstohelptheaffectedfamilies.D．Theylargelydependedonassistancefromdistantcommunities.38.Whichofthefollowingistherightunderstandingof““TheirnameistheFosters,andItellthem,‘Youjustcan’thelpit,’”Jillsays,laughingatherownpun.”?

A．JimismakingalightheartedcommentabouttheFosters’inborngenerosity.B．JillisimplyingthatFosterslackcompetencetogiveahelpinghandtoothers.C．JillishintingthattheFostersmightnotalwaysdisplaythesamelevelofkindness.D．JillisexpressinghissinceregratitudeforFosters’constantandgenerousassistance.39.Whatisthewritingpurposeofthepassage?

A．TohighlightGlenEllen’straditionofcommunitysupportandkindness.B．Todemonstratetheauthor’spersonalperspectivesincommunitybuilding.C．TopresenthowpeopleinGlenEllenovercamedifficultieswithjointefforts.D．Toencouragereaderstoreflectonandsharetheirownexperiencesofkindness.

WondersofAustralia22daysfromonly£6.245perpersonDay1:DepartUK

Days2-5:SingaporeEnjoyacitytourincludingMerlionPark,MarinaBay,andfabulousgardens.Asanalternative,youmaychoosetostopinDubaiatnoextracost.

Days6-11:MelbourneVisitVictoriaMarketsandFederationSquare.PerhapstakeanoptionalexcursiontoexploreFairyPenguinParade.

Day12-14:TheGhanExperienceoneoftheworld’smostimpressiverailjourneys.Covering1,555kilometres,weseetheeverchanginglandscapeaswejourneynorth.EnjoyallinclusiveGoldServicewithonboardmealsincludedasareawideselectionofalcoholicandnon-alcoholicdrinks.

Day15-17:Uluru(AyersRock)Weenjoyarefreshingglassofsparklingwineandwitnessthechangingcoloursasthesunsets.Thereisachancetoexploretherockinthemorning,beforevisitingtheimpressiveOlgas.Days18-21:Cairns&TheGreatBarrierReefDiveintheshelteredcorallakeandviewthereeffromunderwaterobservatory.Lunchisincluded.OptionaltoursonourFreedomDaysinCairnsincludeascenicrailwayjourneytoKuranda,andadaytriptothenearbyWorldHeritagelistedDaintreeRainforest.

Day22:ArriveUKWearriveatyourchosenairport,bringinganendtoourincredibleadventure.Amethodfor“reanimating”organdonors’heartsworksjustaswellasthestandardapproachtocollectingheartsfortransplantation,newtrialdatashows.Ifwidelyapplied,themethodcouldincreasetheheartdonorpoolbyanestimated30percent.“Ifwecouldsnapourfingersandjustgetpeopletousethis,Ithinkitprobablywouldgoupevenmorethanthat,”saidDrJacobSchroder,atransplantsurgeonattheDukeUniversitySchoolofMedicine.“Thisreallyshouldbethestandardofcare.”Mosttransplantedheartscomefrombrain-deaddonorswho’vediedduetoacompletelossofbrainactivity,ratherthancirculatorydeath(循环衰竭死亡),inwhichtheheartstops.Abrain-deadpatientcanbedeclareddeadbeforetheirheartstopsbeating,andthisallowsdoctorstoremovetheheartwhileit’sstillperfusedwithoxygen-richblood,andthereforenotyetdamagedbyalackofoxygen.Theheartisthenwashedwithapreservationsolution,placedinanice-filledcoolerandrushedtoitsrecipient(接受者).Intherecenttrialresults,doctorscomparedthesurvivalratesoftransplantrecipientswhogotheartsfrombrain-deaddonorswiththesurvivalratesofthosewhogotheartsfromdonorswho’ddiedofcirculatorydeath.Atotalof166US-basedhearttransplantpatientswereincludedintheprimaryanalysis,86inthebraindeathgroupand80inthecirculatory-deathgroup.Sixmonthspost-surgery,thebrain-deathgrouphada90percentsurvivalrateandthecirculatory-deathgrouphada94percentsurvivalrate,suggestingthatdonationaftercirculatorydeath,orDCD,isanequallyfeasibleapproachtohearttransplants.DCDismadepossiblebyextracorporeal(体外的)machineperfusion,whichinvolveshookingupthedonororgantoamachinethatpumpsbloodandnutrientsthroughitstissues.ThenewtrialtestedaperfusionsystemcalledOrganCareSystemHeart,madebyTransMedics,thetrial’sfunder.Thesystemwarmsthebloodthatitpumpsthroughthedonorhearts,ascomparedwithotherperfusionsystems,whichstillrequiretheorganbecooledaspartofthepreservationprocess.Althoughthetwogroupshadsimilarsurvivalratesatsixmonths,comparedwiththetraditionalhearttransplantgroup,theDCDgrouphadslightlyhigherratesofmoderatetosevereprimarygraftdysfunction(原发性移植器官功能不良),inwhichoneorbothoftheheart’sventricles(心室)showdangerousdysfunctionwithin24hoursofthetransplantationsurgery.However,noneoftheDCDpatientshadprimarygraftfailurethatresultedinretransplantation,whiletwopeopleinthetraditionaltransplantgroupdid.Overall,therateofseriousnegativeeventswasverylowandsimilarinbothgroups,asassessedoutto30dayspost-surgery.ThenewtrialinvolvedmultiplemedicalcentresandbuildsuponpreviousevidenceinfavourofDCD,whichmostlydrewfromisolatedcasesandsmalltrialsperformedatsinglecentresinAustraliaandtheUnitedKingdom.43.WhyisDrJacobSchroderinfavourofthenewapproachtocollectinghearts?

A．‘Reanimating’organdonors’heartsworkmuchbetter.B．Thenewapproachstandardizesthetraditionalroutine.C．Thesourcesofdonatedheartswillbegreatlyenriched.D．Patientswidelyapplyfortheapprovaloftheapproach.44.Theunderlinedword“perfused”inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto________.

A．spreadthroughB．portionedevenlyC．perceivedlackingD．drainingoffswiftly45.Howdoesa‘reanimated’heartcomparewithonefromabrain-deaddonor?

A．A‘reanimated’heartdoesn’tneedtobecooledwhiletheotherdoes.B．Theheartfrombrain-deaddonorsismorelikelytosufferdysfunction.C．TheDCDgrouphasundergoneretransplantationduetoheartfailure.D．Similarpercentageofpatientssurvivepost-surgicallyatsixmonths.46.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A．ADebateontheConventionalandNovelApproachesB．‘Reanimated’HeartsCanBeSuccessfullyTransplantedC．DCD—aMedicalBreakthroughwithPerfectEffectsD．StandardHeartTransplantationProvesUnparalleledHowgoodareyouatsaying“no”?Formany,it’ssurprisinglydifficult.47Considerthesescenes:It’slateintheday.Thatfrontpackageyou’vebeenworkingonisnearlycomplete;onelasteditandit’sfinished.Thenenterstheexecutiveeditor,whomakesasuggestionrequiringamore-than-modestrearrangementofthedesignandtheadditionofaninformationbox.Youwanttoscream:“No!It’sdone!”Whatdoyoudo?Thefirstruleofsayingnotothebossis“don’tsayno.”48Thesecondruleis“don’traisetherisksbychallenginghisauthority.”Thatissueisalreadydecided.Thethirdruleis“tobereadytociteoptionsandconsequences.”Theboss’ssuggestionsmightbeappropriate,buttherearealwaysconsequences.Hemightnotknowaboutthepagesbackingupthatneedattention,oraboutthedesignerwhohadtogohomesick.Tellhimhecanhavewhathewants,butexplaintheconsequences.Understandwhathe’stryingtoaccomplishandproposeaPlanBthatwillmakeithappenwithoutdestroyingwhatyou’vedonesofar.Here’sanothercase.Yourleast-favoritereportersuggestsadumbstoryidea.49Ifyousayno,evenpolitely,youriskholdingbackfurtherideas,notjustfromthatreporter,butfromotherswhoheardthatyouturneddowntheidea.Thiscaseiscommoninnewsroomsthatlackasystematicwaytofilter(过滤)storysuggestions.Twostepsarenecessary.First,youneedasystemforhowstoriesareproposedandreviewed.Reporterscantoleraterejectionoftheirideasiftheybelievetheyweregivenafairhearing.Yournaturalreactionandstrongrejection,evenofaworthlessidea,mightnotqualifyassystematicorfair.Second,thepeopleyouworkwithneedtonegotiatea“Whatif…?”agreementcovering“Whatifmyideaisturneddown?”Howarepeopleexpectedtoreact?Isthereanappealprocess?Cantheyperfecttheideaandresubmitit?50

A．Thisoneshouldbeeasy,butit’snot.B．Successfulnegotiatorsalwayslookatthesituationfromtheotherside’sperspective.C．Heprobablyhassomethinginmindwhenhemakessuggestions,andit’suptoyoutofindoutwhat.D．Thisisespeciallytrueofeditors,whobynaturetendtobeeagerandengagedparticipantsineverythingtheydo.E．Bekindandgivehimpositivefeedbackbeforeyourrefusalandbespecificaboutwhatyoudolikeorappreciateabouthim.F．Byanticipating“Whatif…?”situationsbeforetheyhappen,youcanreachunderstandinganditwillhelpeaseyououtofconflicts.五、书面表达51.Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.ModernLifeTurnsAmericaintotheLandofSleepinessMostexpertsinsleepbehavioragreethatthereisvirtuallyanepidemicofsleepinessinthenation.“Ican’tthinkofasinglestudythathasn’tfoundAmericansgettinglesssleepthantheyoughtto.”saysDr.DavidF.Dinges,abiologicalpsychologist.Fromdiaryentriesandotherpersonalaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturies,sleepscientistsfoundtheaveragepersonusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanight.Thebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwehadnothingtodointheeveningdownonthefarm,anditwasdark.Buttheinventionofthelightbulbchangedeverything.Bythe1950sand1960s,thesleepschedulehadbeenreduceddramatically,tobetween7.5andeighthours,andmostpeoplehadtowaketoanalarmclock.