商务英语的语言特征及翻译原则分析

PAGE题目：AnalysisofLinguisticFeaturesandTranslatingPrinciplesofBusinessEnglish商务英语的语言特征及翻译原则分析PAGE5PAGE19AbstractAsaninternationallanguageandofficiallanguageininternationaltrade,Englishplaysavitalroleininternationaltradeexchangesandcooperation.Infrequenttrade,however,thetwosidesreachanagreementthroughnegotiationorcorrespondence,andsignaformalwrittendocument--contract.Businesscontractsasakindofimportantmeansofcommunicationinthefieldofbusiness,isparticularlyimportantintheenterpriseofforeigntradeandcooperation.ThisessayaimstohelpbusinesspeopletomasterthelanguagefeaturesandtranslationprinciplesofbusinessEnglish,sothattheycanbettercommunicatewithforeignpartnersandconductinternationalbusinesssmoothlytorealizetheglobalizationofChina'strade.ThisessaybeginsbyintroducingthelinguisticfeaturesofbusinessEnglish.WeneedtoanalyzethetranslationprinciplesofbusinessEnglishthroughpracticalbusinesscontracts.Therearefivesections,andthefirstpartisabriefintroductiontothedevelopmentofbusinessEnglish;thesecondpartsummarizestheroleofbusinessEnglishintoday'sbusinesscooperationandthediversifieddevelopmentanddemandofbusinessEnglish.ThethirdsectionmainlyexplainsthelanguagefeaturesofcommercialEnglish,andexplainstheirdifferentcharacteristicsfromtheaspectsofvocabulary,syntaxandstyle.ThefourthsectiondiscussesprincipleofbusinessEnglishtranslation,andputsforwardthefourprinciplesofbusinessEnglishtranslation,namelythefaithfulprinciple,accurateprinciple,unifiedprinciple,conciseprinciple.Thefifthpartistheconclusion,thebusinessEnglishlanguagefeaturesandtranslationprinciplessummarized,warnsusbusinessEnglishgreatroleintoday'srapiddevelopmentofsociety,andputforwardlaterintheworkinthebusinessEnglishtranslationshouldpayattentiontoandavoidproblems.Keywords:BusinessEnglishLinguisticFeaturesTranslatingPrinciples

摘要英语作为一种国际语言和官方语言，在国际贸易交流和合作中扮演者至关重要的作用。然而，在频繁的贸易往来中，双方会通过谈判或函电达成协议，并签订正式的书面文件—合同。商务合同作为商务领域的一种重要的沟通方式，在企业对外贸易和合作中显得尤为重要。本文旨在帮助商务人士掌握商务英语的语言特征和翻译原则，以便其能够更好地与国外合作伙伴沟通，并顺利的开展国际业务，以实现中国贸易全球化。本文首先介绍商务英语的语言特征并结合实际工作中所需的商务合同分析商务英语的翻译原则。本文共分为五个部分，第一部分简单介绍商务英语的发展背景；第二部分概括了商务英语在当今商务合作中的作用和商务英语的多元化发展与需求；第三部分主要阐述商务英语的语言特征，从词汇，句法和文体各个方面逐一阐述他们的不同特征。第四部分讨论商务英语的翻译原则，提出商务英语翻译的四大原则，即忠实原则，准确原则，统一原则，简洁原则。第五部分为结论，对商务英语的语言特征及翻译原则进行总结，警示我们商务英语在当今高速发展的社会中的巨大作用，并提出以后在从事商务英语翻译工作中应注意并且避免的问题。关键词：商务英语语言特征翻译原则

ContentsAbstract=1\*romani摘要=2\*romaniiiContentsiv11123346681012121313141516171Introduction…………...…….………2BriefintroductionsofbusinessEnglish……………..2.1ConnotationofbusinessEnglish……………….….……..2.2CharacteristicsofbusinessEnglish………2.3RoleofbusinessEnglishinforeigntrade…………………2.4DiversifieddevelopmentanddemandsofbusinessEnglish.………………...3LinguisticfeaturesofbusinessEnglish……………...3.1Lexicalfeatures……………..……………..3.2Syntacticfeatures………..…...3.3Textualfeatures…...……………..…………...4TranslatingprinciplesofbusinessEnglish……….4.1Principleofloyalty……………….……..….…4.2Principleofaccuracy……….4.3Principleofunification……………………..4.4Principleofconciseness……………………5Conclusion………………………...Acknowledgement…………………..References……………….…………..1IntroductionAstheglobaleconomicintegrationandglobaltradecontinuestomerge,China'seconomicandtradecooperationhasdevelopedrapidly,andinthemeantime,China'scooperationandtradewiththerestoftheworldhasincreased.Therapiddevelopmentandgreatprogressofscienceandtechnology,haschangedthetraditionaltransactionobject,greatlypromotethetradebetweenthecountries,theworld'seconomicandtrademutualpenetration,interdependence,withfrequentinternationaltradeactivities,businessEnglishisincreasinglywidelyused.SincetwentiethCentury,humansocietyhasbeguntoenteraneweraofhighspeeddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyandeconomy.Theconnectionbetweencountryandcountryismoreandmoreclosed,anditmakesinternationallanguage—English，becomingtheimportantlanguageofcommunicationallovertheworld.TheemergenceofbusinessEnglishisnotonlytheinevitableresultofsocialdevelopment,butalsotheinevitabletrendofthedevelopmentofEnglishlinguisticsitself.Atthebeginningoftheknowledgeeconomyinthe21stcentury,businessEnglish,asoneoftheimportantfunctionalvariantsofEnglish,isincreasinglyshowingitsstrongvitality:itsapplicabilityanduniversalityareobvious.Thisisanindisputablefactandawelcomephenomenon.BusinessEnglishhasitsuniquelanguagefeatures.BesidesfollowingthegeneralrulesofEnglishtranslation,italsoneedstobesuitableforsomeofthecharacteristicsoftheforeigntradework.Itrequirestranslatorstofollowcertaintranslationrules,haveasolidfoundationoftranslationskills,andmasterflexibleanddiversetranslationstrategiesandskills.Asalanguagetoolforcommunicatinginternationaleconomicandtradeactivities,businessEnglishplaysanimportantroleininternationaltrade.AgoodcommandoftheconnotationandcharacteristicsofbusinessEnglishplaysanimportantroleinpromotinginternationaleconomictradeandculturalexchanges.2BriefintroductionsofBusinessEnglish2.1ConnotationofbusinessEnglishBusinessEnglishreferstothelanguagepeopleusewhendoingBusinessactivities.Itisakindofspecial-purposeEnglish.Businessactivitiesinvolvedintheinternationaleconomic,trade,finance,insurance,marketingandsoonmanyfields,touseEnglishinthesebusinessactivitiescanbecalledbusinessEnglish,itistheproductofthedevelopmentofglobalization.Withtheincreasingofinternationalbusinessactivitiesandrelatedfields,theconnotationandfunctionofbusinessEnglishareexpandinganddeepening.BusinessEnglishconsistsofthreeelements:businessbackgroundknowledge,languageusedinbusinessbackgroundandbusinesscommunicationskills.2.2CharacteristicsofbusinessEnglishBritishbusinessEnglishexpertNickBrigerhaspointedoutthatbusinessEnglishincludeslanguageknowledge,communicationskills,professionalknowledge,managementskillsandculturalawareness.ItcanbeseenthatbusinessEnglishnotonlyhasthecommonfeaturesofcommonEnglishlanguage,butalsohasastrong"business"feature.ItisestablishedonthebasisofgeneralEnglishandvocabulary,combinedwiththespecificbusinessactivityandtheenvironment,itiscarriedbythebusinesstheoryandbusinesspracticefromtwoaspectsofinformation,therefore,businessEnglishhasitsuniquecharacteristicsinlanguageusing,italsorequiresthatbusinessEnglishpersonnelshouldpayattentiontowhenlearningandaccumulatingknowledgebasicEnglishknowledgeandprofessionalbusinessEnglish.Influencedbyculturaldifferences,language,asacommunicativetoolinsocialeconomy,isalwaysinfluencedbypolitical,economicandsocialculturalbackground.TheimpactofculturaldifferencesonbusinessEnglishisdirectlyreflectedinbusinessnegotiations,productintroductions,dialogueandexchangeandcontractnegotiations.JustlikeourChinese"dragon"(dragon),inwesterncultureisakindofevildemon,isaderogatorysense,sointhedescription"Asiantigers",thewestiscalled"thefourAsiantigers",ratherthan"thefourAsiandragons".However,inChina,thedragonisasymbolofauspiciousness,soweusedtocallourselves"descendantsoftheyellowemperor,descendantsofthedragon".Inancienttimes,onlyemperorscouldweardragonrobesandsoon.Therefore,theuseoflanguagecannotbeseparatedfromaspecificculturalbackground.BusinessEnglishisaspecializedlanguageusedinbusinessactivities,whichismoreinfluencedbytheculturalbackground.Therefore,weshouldmastervariousculturaldepositsandtrulyunderstandthemeaning.SpecializedbusinessEnglishininternationaleconomic,trade,finance,marketingandotheraspectsofprofessionalknowledge,coveringavarietyofdisciplines,andeachsubjecthasitsownspecializedvocabulary,terms.Therefore,therearealotofprofessionaltermsindifferentsubjectareasinbusinessEnglish.Forexample,"Libor",iscommonininternationalfinancialmarketsandreferstothe"LondoninterbankOfferedRate".Documentarycreditmeans“跟单信用证”;Optionmeans“期权”andsoon.WhenlearningandusingbusinessEnglish,itisimportanttorememberthesedifferenttermsaccurately.2.3RoleofbusinessEnglishinforeigntradeBusinessEnglishplaysanimportantroleinforeigntrade.Withtheincreaseofforeign-fundedenterprisesandtheincreasingprosperityofChina'sforeigntrade,itisparticularlyimportanttowinaplaceintheinternationaltradecompetitiontoobtainthemaximumbenefitvalue.Thedevelopmentofforeigntraderequirestheexchange,communicationandconsultationwithenterprisesfromvariouscountries,amongwhichlanguagehasundoubtedlybecomethemostimportantmediumandobstacle.Asagloballanguage,Englishplaysanimportantroleinforeigntrade.MoreandmorefieldsandplacesareinseparablefrombusinessEnglish.TherapidlydevelopingworldhassteppedintoaneweraofknowledgeeconomybyacquiringnewbusinessknowledgethroughbusinessEnglishandsharingnewtechnologicalachievements.Theeraofknowledgeeconomymeansthatproductscontainlatesttechnologyandhumanknowledgeessence,whichhasbecomethekeytocompetitionintheforeigntrademarket.Inthecourseofforeigntrade,peopleacquirenewknowledgeandskillsthroughtheexchangeoflanguage,informationandideas.AccurateandskilledtechnicalpersonnelthroughmaymasterbusinessEnglish,usetranslationskills,therighttotranslateforeignproducts,processimprovement,throughtimelyandcorrectlyaccessthelatestbusinessknowledgeTechnicalknowledgeandinformation,understandtheinternationalsimilarproductsonthemarketforthedevelopmentofnewdynamic,strengtheninternationalexchangesandcooperation,throughtheresultsofstudy,thepromotionofforeignadvancedtechnology,newexperienceandmethods,realizethesharingandwin-win,improvethequalityofdomesticenterprisesproducts,obtainhigherprofitandpromoteeconomicdevelopment.BusinessEnglishisabridgeforforeigntradecommunication.Englishistheonlyuniversallanguageintheworld,anditisalanguagemediumcoveringthewholeworld.LinguistsestimatethatinadditiontonativeEnglish-speakingcountriessuchastheUnitedStates,Canada,AustraliaandtheUnitedKingdom,morethanonebillionpeoplearoundtheworldareproficientinEnglish.Inaddition,accordingtoincompletestatistics,morethan70percentofglobaltradeactivitiesTheyalluseEnglishforcommunication,consultation,negotiation,etc.WiththedevelopmentofeconomicglobalizationandChina'sforeigntrade,businessEnglishintradeexchanges,highlightedtheimportanceoftradenegotiationsismoreandmore,generalEnglishalreadycannotadapttotheeconomicandsocialneedsofthedevelopmentofdiversified,moreneedstobeappliedandinnovativestrongbusinessEnglish.BusinessEnglishisbasedonacertainbusinessknowledge,background,andtheircommunicationskills,socialculturalbackgroundandbusinessknowledgeisnotordinaryEnglishinforeigntrade,therefore,businessEnglishbecomeanindispensabletoolinforeigntradecommunicationandBridges,soastoreduceandavoidmisunderstandinginthetradeexchanges,promotetradebothsidesofthefriendlyrelations.ProperuseofbusinessEnglishcaneffectivelyavoidfrictionandpromoteeconomicdevelopment.BusinessEnglishisthewindowforenterprisestounderstandtheinternationalmarketandproducts,anditisalsooneoftheimportantwaysofexternalmarketing.Intheworldmarket,businessactivitiesandtradenegotiationsandconsultationsareusuallyconductedbytelex,orcorrespondence,inEnglish.ThecorrectuseofbusinessEnglishinforeigntradecorrespondence,oneachlinktostrivetothephraseaccurately,rigorous,andtrytousejargonandtechnicalterms,avoidtoproduceunderstandingdifferences.CorrectunderstandinganduseofbusinessEnglishcanreduceunnecessaryfrictionandenhancethecooperationbetweenbothsidesoftrade.Indealingwithtradefriction,thelawyermayinevitablytousebusinessEnglishknowledge,throughaccesstothelegalprovisionsofothercountriesandotherrelatedknowledge,moreaccurateunderstandingofothercountries'lawsofwordformatandhabits,makefulluseoflegalknowledgetoprotecttheirownrightsandinterestsoftrade,atthesametime,useofbusinessEnglishtoassistenterprisesintheinternationalbusinessnegotiation,contract,etc.,theseareconducivetothedevelopmentofeconomy.Therefore,businessEnglishcommunicationnegotiationsintrade,businessofgettingknowledge,informationandtechnologyintroductionandthedevelopmentofnationaleconomyplayadecisiverole,andwiththeinternationaleconomicandtradeandthefurtherdevelopmentofforeigntradeinourcountry,theeffectwillbemoreandmoreimportant.2.4DiversifieddevelopmentanddemandsofbusinessEnglish2.4.1DiversifieddevelopmentBusinessEnglishisrichinprofessionalknowledge,includingeconomyandtrade,finance,publicrelations,management,marketingandotheraspects.Itisthecomprehensiveapplicationofprofessionalknowledgeandlanguageinbusinessafterall.BusinessEnglishisintheserviceoftheinternationalbusinessactivitiesofEnglishforspecialpurposes,onthebasisofBasicEnglishgrammarandvocabulary,tomeettherequirementsforworklife,andboththecommonfeaturesuniquelanguage,andhasauniquelinguisticphenomenon.BusinessEnglishisoftenusedininternationaltradeactivities,anditisanecessarylanguageforbothpartiestotradecooperation.Withtherapiddevelopmentofinternationaleconomy,businessEnglishisgettingmoreandmoreattentionfrompeople,especiallyspecializedbusinessEnglishcommonlanguage.ThecharacteristicsofbusinessEnglishmainlylieinspecialization,colloquialismandstrongpertinence.Intheend,practicalityisthebiggestcharacteristicofbusinessEnglish.Itimprovesnotonlytheabilitytospeakandspeakbutalsotheabilitytoliveandsurvive.SobusinessEnglishcoursesshouldnotbesimplytoimprovetheEnglishlevelandability,istoteachstudentsmoreofawesternenterprisemanagementconcept,workpsychology,evenhowtodealwithforeigners,howtoworkwiththem,workingmethods,aswellastheirlivinghabits,suchasbusinessEnglishtosomeextentisincludedintheconceptofculture.2.4.2DemandsThedevelopmentofbusinessEnglishcomesintobeinginthedevelopmentofEnglishandinternationaleconomicactivities.Withthesmoothreformandopeningup,Chinagraduallyjoinedtheworldeconomictide,andbusinessEnglishbecamepopularinthe1980s.Inthe1990s,theteachingandresearchofinternationalbusinessEnglishroserapidlyanddevelopedrapidlyinChina.Sincethe1980s,thedevelopment,hasbecomeChina'scollegesanduniversitiestocarryoutthebusinessEnglishcourseisoneofthemostpopularcourses,mostofthecollegesanduniversitiestoopeninternationalbusinessEnglishcourse,thereareseveralmajoreconomicandtradeinstitutionsandforeignlanguagecollegeinadditiontotherecruitspecializedsubjectandundergraduatestudents,andevenbegantoenrollinthemastergraduatestudentofinternationalbusinessEnglishastheresearchdirection.Therefore,theteachingofinternationalbusinessEnglishhasbeenwellknowninChina'scollegeteaching.Sinceenteringthe21stcentury,withthefurtherdevelopmentofChina'sreformandopeningup,themarketeconomicsystemgraduallyperfected,successfullyjoinedtheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO),asanimportantpartofChinaininternationaltrade,andthedemandofthewholesocietyforbusinessEnglishtalentshasbeenontherise.Moreandmorejointventuresandforeign-fundedenterpriseshavesettledinChina,andgraduatesmajoringininternationalbusinessEnglisharemorelikelytobefavoredbytheseenterprises.SoourcountryalreadytostartinternationalbusinessEnglishprofessionalforeigntradeandeconomiccooperationofcollegesanduniversitiesincreasedthedoagoodjobinthismajor,butalsomakemanylanguageliteratureschoolscontinuetodoagoodjobintheoriginalEnglishlanguageandliteratureatthesametime,continuetosetupdifferentlevelsofinternationalbusinessEnglishprofessional,inordertomeetthesocialdemandforEnglishtalents.3LinguisticfeaturesofbusinessEnglishIntroduction:languagecharacteristicsofbusinessEnglish：BusinessEnglishisderivedfromordinaryEnglishandisbasedongeneralEnglish.Therefore,ithasthelinguisticfeaturesofgeneralEnglish.Atthesametime,businessEnglishisalsoasynthesisofbusinessknowledgeandEnglish.ItbelongstoafunctionalvariantofEnglish,andhasremarkablecharacteristics.Strict,formalandcompletegrammaticalfeaturesofbusinessEnglishlanguagebusinessEnglishtendstobeformalinlanguage,conciseinsentence,strictandformalindiction,withoutpersonalemotion.Forexample,Ifyourpriceiscompetitive,wewillplaceanorderwithyou.Atthesametime,businessEnglishisalsowidelyusedindailybusinesstrade,coveringthescopeofthemorewidely,sobusinessEnglishmustdemandaccurateandappropriatecontentandlanguage,sentencemustbecompleteandcorrect.Atthesametime,therearealargenumberofpassive,imperativeandnon-predicateverbsinbusinessEnglish.3.1LexicalfeaturesTherichnessofbusinessEnglishvocabularyandtheprofessionaltermduetothebusinessactivitiesinvolvedinawiderange,thediversityofbusinessEnglishlanguageinbusinessactivitiesareembodiedintherichnessofbusinessEnglishvocabularyandtheuseofalargenumberofprofessionalterm,mainlyincludingbusinessnewspaper,companyprofile,businesscontract,technicalinformationandbusinessletters,etc.OnlybyacomprehensiveunderstandingofthesefieldscanwebetterunderstandthelanguagefeaturesofbusinessEnglishandtrulyunderstandbusinessarticles.Inbusinesscontext,polysemyisacommonphenomenoninbusinessEnglish;forexample,intheinternationalsettlementandpayment,usuallyuse"endorse"torepresent"endorsement",in"OurproductsfortheNationalQualityInspectionAssociationendorsedinsideproducts"inthemeaningof"endorse"iscompletelydifferent,inthissentence,themeaningof"endorse"refersto"recommend",saidthemainsatisfiedwithaproduct,usethemediarecommendedtothepublic.TherearealotofprofessionaltermsinbusinessEnglish,whichisalsooneofthecontentsthatmustbemasteredinbusinessEnglishtranslation.Forexample,intheprocessofinternationaltrade,theterm"DeliveredDutyPaidafterDutyPaid"mustbeusedfordelivery.BusinessEnglishtranslationskillsofbusinessEnglishtranslationwordchoicetoaccuratebusinessEnglishtranslationisacomplicatedandmeticulouswork,notonlyhasastrongscientificnature,alsoontherepresentationoflanguageart.Intheprocessoftranslation,weshouldnotonlyunderstandtheoriginaltextinanotherlanguage,butalsocreatethelanguage.Ininternationaltrade,inusinganotherlanguagetotranslationwhenthereisalotofmisnomerofplace,atthetimeofbusinessEnglishtranslationiseasytomakemisunderstandingeachother,notinternationaltradeactivitiessmoothly.Therefore,whentranslatingbusinessEnglish,wemustbestrictandchoosethewordsaccurately.ThisisalsothekeyofbusinessEnglishtranslationandoneofthetranslationskillsofbusinessEnglish.3.1.1SpecializationBusinessEnglishinvolvesbothbusinesstheoryandbusinesspractice,anditslanguageishighlyspecialized.ProfessionalbusinessEnglishvocabularyhasalargenumberoftermsinvariousindustries.Thesetermsareclearlydefinedandhighlyspecializedinthecorrespondingindustries.Forexample,targetdate(预定日期),backorder(尚未交货的订单),multilateralsettlement(多边结算),marginmoney(订货款),financialstanding(资金状况).Thebusinesswordshavethecharacteristicsofspecialization,generallynoemotionalcolorandambiguity.Manytermsareabbreviatedforconvenienceandreadability.Thefollowingaresomecommonexamplesinforeigntradecorrespondenceandcorrespondence:A/S:aftersight见票即付B/L:billoflading提单APEC：亚太经济合作组织3PL：ThirdPartyLogistics第三方物流Fromtheaboveexamples,itisnothardtoseethattheabbreviationsinbusinessEnglishhavethecharacteristicsofprofessionalusageandconciseuse.Butatthesametimeweshouldnotethatbecausemostoftheacronymusedacronyms,whichshouldbepayattentionto,avoidambiguity.3.1.2Useofsemi-professionalvocabularySemi-professionalvocabularyisconvertedfromcommonvocabulary,whichhasspecialmeaninginbusinessEnglish.Forexample,inbusinessEnglish,balancemeans“差额”and“余额”,whileingeneralEnglish,itmeans“平衡”.Inthefieldofmarketing,averagemeans“平均数”.Intheinsurancebusiness,theaverageistranslatedas“海损”.thecollectionistranslatedinto“领取”intheshippingfield,andinthefieldoffinance,it'scalled“托收”;inthecurrentpoliticalfield,openpolicymeans“开放政策”,whileintheinsurancebusinessfield,itmeans“预约保单”.literaturemeans“文学”ingeneralEnglish,whileinthefieldofproductsales,itistranslatedas“产品说明书或宣传资料”.referenceisusuallythemeaningof“参考”,whichistranslatedas“担保人”inthefieldoffinancialservices.Claimmeans“声称”,butinbusinessEnglishitistranslatedas“索赔”.Therearemanysimilarwords,suchasaccept(承兑),document(单据),draft(汇票),interest(利息)andsoon.3.1.3QuotesofarchaicwordsandexoticwordsTherearealotofarchaicwordsinbusinessEnglishandtheyareoftencomposedofhere,there,whereastherootofwords,plusoneormoreprepositions.Herebythereishereby(下述),hereof(由此),whereas(鉴于),etc.Mostoftheprofessionalandsemi-professionalwordsusedinbusinessEnglishcomefromLatin,FrenchandGreek.TheuseofexoticwordsmakesbusinessEnglishtextsmoreformal.Asper（按照）,re(事由),andex(在…之前)fromLatinBefore,Frenchsuchasforcemajeure(保险用语).3.1.4InnovationWiththecontinuousprogressanddevelopmentofbusiness,newproductsandnewconceptsemergeconstantly,andmorebusinesstermsareaddedtobusinessEnglish.Atthesametime,influencedbyTheTimesandculturalbackground,businessEnglishisinfluencedbythenationalculturalenvironmentinthedevelopmentofglobalization.Peopleindifferentculturalsystemshavedifferentvaluesandreligiousbeliefs,andtherearemanydifferencesinlanguageandculture.Manyofthereasonsforthefailureoftradecooperationininternationaltradearecausedbylocalculturaldifferences.InlearningbusinessEnglish,learnersshouldunderstandtheseculturaldifferences,soastoavoidunnecessaryconflictsincommunication.Forexample:cyber-payment电子支付:hi-techindustry高技术产业3.2Syntacticfeatures3.2.1PreciseandrigoroussyntaxThebiggestcharacteristicofbusinessEnglishstatementisitsconciseandrigor,forthischaracteristicmakesitmorethananyotherbusinessproblempaymoreattentiontotheaccuracyoftheexpressioneffect,timelinessandlogic.(zhangxinhong,2003).TheconcisenessandlightnessofbusinessEnglishsentencesaremainlyreflectedinthesentenceuseofbusinessletters,whileeconomicandtradecontracts,duetotheirlegalproperties,uselongsentences,compoundsentences,parallelcompoundsentences,etc.,whichmakethesentencestructuremorerigorous,withmoreprominentdetailsandmoreprominentlegaleffects.3.2.2PassivevoicesentenceBecausethefunctionofthepassivevoicesentenceismainlytodescribetheobjectivefactsandemphasizetheobjectivity,itoftenusesthesentencepatternwiththethirdpersonasthesubject,andavoidstheuseofthefirst,secondpersonasthesubjecttohighlighttheactionofthespeaker,andgivesasubjectiveimpression,soThefrequencyofuseofthepassivevoicesentenceinthebusinessEnglishlanguagetextisveryhigh.ThisisadistinctivefeatureofbusinessEnglishsentencepatternsdifferentfromotherstyles.Sample1:Breakageisaspecialrisk,forwhichanextpremiumwillhavetobecharged.破损险是一种附加险，因此你方需承担额外的保费。Sample2:Shipmentistobemadeinthreeequalmonthinstallments,beginningfromJune.2007.装运从2007年6月份开始，分三批每月均装Sample3:Theyareratifiedbymembers’parliaments.他们须经成员国议会准备。TherearealsosomefixedpassivestructuresinEnglishthathavebecomeformularyinChinese.Forexample:Itisstipulatedthat…按照规定……Itmustbeadmittedthat…必须承认……Itshouldbenotedthat…应当指出……Itwillbeseenfromthisthat…由此可见……Ofcourse,althoughtheuseofpassivevoiceisuniversalinBusinessEnglish,wecannotjudgethatbusinessEnglishcanonlybeusedinthepassivevoice.Sometimes,inbusinesscontractsandlegaltexts,theactivevoiceisoftenusedtoexpresstheirposition.3.2.3SyntacticcomplexityThecomplexsentencestructureandlongdifficultsentencesofbusinessEnglisharewellreflectedinforeigntradecorrespondenceandtelecommunications,financialEnglishandbusinessmanagementEnglish.ForeigntradecorrespondenceisthemainwaytoconveyinformationandnegotiatetradingconditionsininternationalbusinessEnglish.BusinessEnglishbelongstoprofessionalstylisticEnglish,whichrequiresstrictcontentandstandardformatinexpression.Therefore,theapplicationofcomplexsentencesisveryprominent.Sometimes,thewholeparagraphisjustasentence,andthissentenceoftenhasseveralclauses,clauseswithshortsentences,clauseswith