高中英语语法ing形式复习导学单

高中英语语法复习TheingformTheingform的时态和语态一般时________________(do)完成时__________________被动语态________________________________________Theingformasobject(主语):1.多表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词多用单数形式；意义不同的两个动词ing形式并列作主语时，谓语动词需用复数形式。。Wastingaperson'stime____thesameaskillinghimforhisproperty.浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。ListeningtotheEnglishtapesandwatchingEnglishfilms______goodwaystolearnEnglish.2．形式主语it代替动名词(短语)作主语。It'sawasteoftimedoingsth.浪费时间做某事It'suseless/worthwhiledoingsth.做某事没用/是值得的It'snogood/nouse/nofundoingsth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思It'snouse__________(plain)withouttakingaction.不行动只抱怨是没有用的。Itisawasteoftime_________(talk)aboutsuchuselessthings.谈论这些没用的事情是在浪费时间。3．句型“Therebeno＋doing”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”Thereisno________(deny)thattheenvironmentisfrombadtoworsehere.不能否认......4.动词ing形式的复合结构做主语（不能用代词的宾格和名词的普通格形式）①形容词性物主代词＋动词ing②名词所有格＋动词ing③代词宾格＋动词ing④名词＋动词ing________________tohelpencouragedallofus.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。________________madehermotherupset.玛丽病了，这使她妈妈很着急。二、Theingformasobject(宾语)1.、后只能接动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语考虑建议盼原谅:consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,pardon承认推迟没得想:admit,delay/putoff,fancy/imagine避免错过继续练:avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practice否认完成停能赏:deny,finish,stop,enjoy/appreciate不禁介意准逃亡:can’thelp,mind,allow/permit,escape禁止冒险凭想象:forbid,risk,imagine难以忍受始反对:can’tstand,setabout/getdownto,objectto...功坚持忙:feellike,succeedin,insiston,bebusy(in)...习惯放弃有困难:getusedto,giveup,havedifficulty/trouble(in)...导致专心不推迟:leadto/contributeto,bedevotedto,putoff2、Sth.need/require/deserve/want/desire+doing=sth.need/require/deserve/want/desire+tobedone某事需要被做3、后既能接动名词又能接不定式作宾语的动词或动词短语1）.接ing和接todo形式作宾语意思相同的动词likedoing/todosth.喜欢做某事lovedoing/todosth.喜欢做某事hatedoing/todosth.憎恨做某事preferdoing/todosth.宁愿做某事begindoing/todosth.开始做某事startdoing/todosth.开始做某事continuedoing/todosth.继续做某事can’tbeardoing/todosth.不能忍受做botherdoing/todosth.麻烦做某事intenddoing/todosth.想要做某事2）.接ing和接todo形式作宾语意思不同的动词rememberdoing/todosth.记得做过某事/记得要做某事fogetdoing/todosth.忘记做过某事/忘记要做某事trydoing/todosth.尝试做某事/努力做某事regretdoing/todosth.后悔做过某事/遗憾要做某事meandoing/todosth.意味着做某事/打算做某事stopdoing/todosth.停止做某事/停下来去做另一件事goondoing/todosth.继续做某事/做完某事后接着做另一件can’thelpdoing/todosth.情不自禁做某事/不能帮助做某事4、常见的带介词to的短语:objectto\beopposedto\oppose（反对）devoteoneselfto（献身于）admitto（承认）leadto（导致）beequalto（胜任的）stickto（忠于；坚持）pay

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tobeaddictedto（沉溺于）contributeto（有助于）be/getusedto（习惯于）lookforwardto（盼望）getdownto（着手做）三、Theingformasattribute(定语)(v．­ing形式包括：现在分词和动名词)1、现在分词作定语，表示“主动”和“进行”，可转换成一个主动语态的定语从句。afloatingboataboatthatisfloating一艘漂浮的小船(2）Thereareabout200children___________________________.大约有200个孩子在这所学校学习。=Thereareabout200childrenwho___________________________.2.小结：1）.单个的现在分词作定语常前置；现在分词短语作定语则常后置,相当于一个定语从句,表示被修饰名词主动的或正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。有些现在分词已经转化成形容词，常作定语用来修饰物，表示“令人……的”。常用的此类词有：exciting，puzzling，confusing，touching，interesting，satisfying等。apuzzlingproblem＝aproblemthat/which_________somebodyTheylivedinaroom___________thestreet.＝Theylivedinaroomthatfacesthestreet.2).单个的现在分词修饰复合不定代词something,everything,anything,nothing等，要放在这些词的后面。e.g.:Ihavesomethinginterestingtosay.3).现在分词作定语，有被动形式:beingdone,译为“正在被...的”,表示一个正在进行的被动动作。Eg.Thetopic___________________________isaboutmusic.现在正在被讨论的话题是关于音乐的。=Thetopicwhich/thatisbeingdiscussedatthemomentisaboutmusic.注意：beingdone,done和tobedone作定语的区别：2)Themeetingbeingheldnowisofgreatimportance._________________3)Themeetingheldyesterdayisofgreatimportance.__________________4)Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.______________4.作定语的现在分词表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如果两者不是同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。[误]Theprofessoringhereyesterdaywillgiveusalecture.昨天来的教授将要给我们做一个讲座。[正]Theprofessorwhocamehereyesterdaywillgiveusalecture.5.现在分词的完成式一般只用作状语，不作定语。[误]Thetemplehavingbeendestroyedbytheearthquakewillberebuiltsoon.[正]Thetemple(whichhasbeen)destroyedbytheearthquakewillberebuiltsoon.被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。6.不及物动词及其短语只用其现在分词形式作定语。常见的有：datebackto追溯到；consistof由...组成；belongto属于；measurevi.测量；remainvi.仍然是1)Thelibrary___________(belong)toourschoolisbeingbuilt.2)TheGreatWall,_________(date)backtoMingDynasty,enjoysalonghistory.3)Afterthetyphoon,peoplefoundsometalltrees,

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(measure)morethan10meters,lyingontheground.4)Therearealotofproblems_____________(remain)tobesolved.7.动名词作定语，说明被修饰名词的属性、作用或用途,作“供…用”讲,相当于介词for短语,常置于被修饰词前。1)asleepingcar(=acarforsleeping)卧铺车厢2)areadingroom(=aroomforreading)阅览室a_____________stick拐杖;a_____________room等候室;____________materials建筑材料;_____________water饮用水；an________________table手术台四、Theingformaspredicative(表语):1、现在分词作表语主要表示主语的性质和特征，通常位于系动词后面(系动词除be外还有appear，sound，look，bee，e，get，go，grow，keep，remain，seem等),用以说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。remainsitting/seatedEg.Yourspeechis___________________________.你的演讲既有趣又鼓舞人心。由表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的现在分词已经变成了形容词，译为“令人…的”之意，常修饰物；对应的动词ed形式则表示外因使之具备的性质和特征，译为“感到…的”，常修饰人。frightened,_________frightening;disappointed,_________disappointing;_________annoyed,annoying;bored/tired,_________boring/tiring;confused,_________confusing/puzzling;embarrassed,_________embarrassing;moved,_________moving;satisfied/pleased,_________satisfying，etc.Eg.Iwas_____________atthis_____________decision.我对这个令人失望决定的感到失望。2.、动名词作表语则多用来说明主语的内容，在这种情况下，主语和表语是对等关系，可互换位置。Eg.MyjobisteachingEnglish.TeachingEnglishismyjob.我的工作是教英语。五、Theingformasobjectplement(宾语补足语)表示动作的过程，即动作正在进行，尚未结束。宾语与宾补之间是主动的逻辑主谓关系。 1．位于感官动词之后：feel，smell，hear，watch，see，notice，observesb.\sth.doing等。Ihearsomeoneknockingatthedoor.2．位于表示“使；让”的使役动词之后：have,keep，get，leavesb.\sth.doing等。I’msorrytokeepyouwaitingforalongtime.3．用于withsb.\sth.doing复合结构中。Icouldn'tconcentratemyattentiononmyhomeworkwiththenoisegoingon.【注意】:现在分词、过去分词和不定式作宾语补足语的区别（1）Iheardthefolksong_________(sing)manytimes.（2）Iheardher__________(sing)afolksongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.（3）Withalotofhomework________(do),herefusedtogoswimming.六、Theingformasadverbial(状语):表示时间、原因或条件时，通常位于句子的前部；表示方式、伴随或结果时，通常位于句子的后部。1．作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句（分词作状语前面可加when,while等）(When)Hearingthegoodnews,hejumpedwithgreatjoy.=Whenhe______thegoodnews，...2．作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句_______tooyoung，hecouldn'tjointhearmy.＝Ashewastooyoung，...3．作条件状语，相当于条件状语从句________hard，you'llsucceed.＝____youworkhard，you'llsucceed.＝_Workhard，______you'llsucceed.4．作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句,有时它的前面可带有连词although，evenif，eventhough等。(Though)__________whatshesaid，Istillthinkthatshehasn'ttriedherbest.＝Although/ThoughIadmitwhatshesaid，Istillthinkthatshehasn'ttriedherbest.尽管承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽最大的努力。5．作方式状语或伴随状语Hewalkeddowntheriver，__________softlytohimself.他沿着河流一边走，一边轻轻地唱。＝Hewalkeddowntheriverand_______softlytohimself.6．表示结果，作结果状语。通常放在句末，中间有逗号隔开，表示一种自然的、顺理成章的结果。Hisparentsdiedinthewar，______himanorphan.＝Hisparentsdiedinthewarand_______himanorphan.=Hisparentsdiedinthewar,_______lefthimanorphan.注意：（thus）doing表顺承结果onlytodo表意外结果Irushedtoschool,only_______(find)Iwasstilllate.七、小结:（not\never）doing\beingdone相当于n.\pron.,充当主、宾、表语，表“（不）干\被......”这回事、这种情况Seeingis____________(believe).眼见为实。Nobodylikesbeinglaughedatand____________(laugh)atisunpleasant.相当于adj.\adv.,充当定、状、补语，表“正在干\被......”这回事、这种情况Theaudienceareabsorbedinthevirtualchoir_______________(perform)now.When________(read)thenewspaper,youshouldneverlookupeverynewwordinthedictionary.（not\never）having(been)done=afterdoing\beingdone强调发生在谓语动词前________________(graduate)fromhercollege,DrLinoperatedaprivateclinic.=Aftershe__________fromhercollege,...与since,sofar,uptonow,recently,inthepastfewyears,等完成时态时间状语连用__________(learn)Englishforsevenyears,IcanspeakEnglishfluently.=ThoughI______________Englishforsevenyears,...不做定语，常做状语，可做主、宾、表误:Thetreeshavingbeenblowndownyesterdayarebeingmovedoutoftheway.正:Thetreesblowndownyesterdayarebeingmovedoutoftheway._______(be)toBeijingthreetimes,Iwon'tgowithyouthere.remember\forget\regretdoing\havingdone记得\忘记\后悔做了某事（做宾语，两者皆可）3.人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。Afirebrokeoutinthebuildingatabout7:30,_____________(result)inthedeathofayounggirl.=...,andthefire_____________inthedeathofayounggirl.独立主格:如果逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，todo\doing\done前需带上自己独立的主语“sb.\sth.+todo\doing\done\adj.\adv.\prep.phrase,主句.”Eg._____________________,Ihavetogotoworkbysubway.A.RepairingB.MycarrepairingC.BeingrepairedD.Mycarbeingrepaired.Thebell________(ring),weallstoppedtalking.Thework_____________(finish),shesatdowntohavearest.注意：（1）作伴随状语的独立结构常可用with短语来代替，Shereadtheletter,tearsrollingdownhercheeks.(独立主格)=Shereadtheletter_______________________________________.(with)5.固定搭配（评论性状语或者插入语）：只是表示说话人的态度，即不存在其逻辑主语必须和句子主语一致的问题。generally/frankly/properly...speaking一般/坦白/恰当……说来judgingfrom/by...从……判断accordingto...根据……seeingthat…鉴于……既然……considering...=taking...intoconsideration\account考虑到……supposing/assuming...假设……___________(judge)fromhisaccent,heisaKaizhounative.强化训练30题1.Hesatonthebench,withoneofhislegs__________(swing)fromsidetoside.2.Withthefinalexam__________(approach),allthestudentsarerevisingtheirlessons.3.Withmyhomework__________(finish),Iwentshoppingwithmymumhappily.4.__________(acpany)bycheerfulmusic,webegantodance.5.__________(see)fromthetopofahill,wefindthecityveryattractive.6.__________(be)illforalongtime,heneededtimetorecover.7.Withsomanypeople__________(focus)onhim,hefeltverynervous.8.Whenthemanwaswalkingbytheriver,hesawaboy__________(struggle)inthewater.9.Thesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse,withtheaudience__________(seat)onbenches.10.Withagreatmanyarticles__________(write),hewon’thavetimetogoshoppingthismorning.11.__________(base)ontheratings,Iboughtmybelovedbackpack,sawamusingfilmsandtasteddeliciousfoods.12.Itcannotbedeniedthatthose__________(bless)withhighinesalsoowetheirsuccesstoluck.13.ItiswidelyknownthattheInternethasmanyadvantages.Itkeepsus__________(inform)ofthelatestnews,andalsoprovidesentertainment.14.TheykeepsayingIcanenjoythedimsim,buttherealityisthatthereisnothing__________(leave).15.TheYellowRiverPianoConcerto,__________(consist)offourmovements,iswellworthenjoying.16.Thebridgewasdamagedintheflood,__________(result)inthetrainfallingintotheriver.17.Tobeginwith,anewstadiumhasbeenbuiltup,__________(bee)themostbeautifulbuildinginourschool.18.Myfriendstoodontheplatform,__________(wave)goodbyetomebeforegettingonthetrain.19.__________(judge)fromtheexpressionofthejudge,hedidn’tagreewiththelawyer’sopinion.20.Withthenuclearwastewater__________(pollute)theocean,theworldisworriedabouttheproblemandmakeeffortstofindwaystodealwithit.21.Alongtheway,wemetfellowtravelers,all__________(pursue)thesamegoal:thesunrise.22.Weather__________(permit),wewillplaytennisthisSaturday.23.__________(locate)inNewYorkHarbor,the152footStatueofLibertywasagiftofinternationalfriendshipfromthepeopleofFrancetothepeopleoftheUnitedStates.24.QueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunas__________(schedule).25.Bitterly__________(oppose)bytheresidents,theproposaltobuildanewairportwaseventuallycancelled.26.__________(read)thepoemasecondtime,hehadabetterunderstandingofit.27.__________(employ)inwritingthepaper,hemissedanimportantmeeting.28.Whoisthewoman__________(operate)onnow?29.Listen!I’msureyoucanhearthebirds_______