重庆市复旦中学教共体2025-2026学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题

重庆高二英语注意事项：答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题分，满分分）听下面5C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读一遍。1.What’swrongwiththemilk?A.Ithasgonebad.B.Itistoocoldtodrink.C.Itmakesthewomansick.2.Whomightthewomanbe?A.Aphotographer.B.Abuilder.C.Apainter.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Interestingsayings.B.Eatinghabits.C.toloseweight.4.Whatsurprisesthemanaboutthefountain?A.Itscolors.B.Itssize.C.Itsmusic.5.Whatdidthegirlsdointhehistoryclass?A.Theywerelate.B.Theycriticizedothers.C.Theyimproperlylaughed.第二节（共小题；每小题分，满分分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的、、C三个选项中第1页/共25页选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第、7题。6.Whatisthemandoing?A.Buildingawoodenfacility.B.Repairinghishouse.C.Cuttingdowntrees.7.Whoarethespeakersprobably?A.Fatheranddaughter.B.Brotherandsister.C.Friends.听第7段材料，回答第、9题。8.Whydoesthemanetothewoman?A.Hisfeetareinjured.BHislegshavebeenhurting.C.Hiskneesarebotheringhim.9.Howmanymilesdoesthemanruninaweek?A.3.B.10.C.30。10.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.thepillstwiceaday.B.Cutdownhistrainingtime.C.Quittherace.听第8段材料，回答第至题。Whatistheprogrammainlyabout?A.ThehistoryofEarth.B.Thecausesofforestloss.C.Thewaystosavetheoceans.12.Whatwillprobablyhappenifhumansgoextinctaccordingtothewoman?A.Therewillbefewerextremes.B.AlienswillappearonEarth.C.Otherlifewillstillexist.13.Howdoesthewomanfeelattheendoftheconversation?A.Apologetic.B.Hopeful.C.Lonely.第2页/共25页听第9段材料，回答第至题。14.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inacar.B.Inazoo.C.Inthestreet.15.Whatanimalsdamagedtheman’scarinAmerica?A.Thecats.B.Themonkeys.C.Thelions.16.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Fixherphone.B.somepictures.C.Gatherinformationonline.17.Whatdidthemanknowaboutcheetahs(猎豹)before?A.Theydon’tjustliveinAfrica.B.Theysometimesfeedongrass.C.Theyarethefastestlandanimals.听第段材料，回答第至题。18.Whatissaidaboutthenewplanet?A.ItishotterthanEarth.B.ItisnotveryfarfromEarth.C,ItisclosertotheSunthanEarth.19.WhatdothenewplanetandEarthhaveinmonaccordingtoscientists?A.TheybothmovearoundtheSun.B.Theyhaveasimilarsize.C.Theyarebothrocky.20.Whatmainlygetsscientistsinterestedinthenewplanet?A.Ithasaproperlocation.B.hasbeenfoundonit.C.Therearevaluablerocksonit.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分分）第一节（共小题；每小题分，满分分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的、、、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASummerProgramsonArtificialIntelligence(AI)ForhighschoolstudentsinterestedinthefastmovingfieldofAI,herearesomeidealsummerprogram第3页/共25页choices.AIScholarsatCarnegieMellonUniversityThisprogramprovidesaprehensiveunderstandingofAIthroughcourses,labwork,andmentoringfromuniversityteachers.Itincludesguestlectures,groupprojects,andacademictours.Studentswillcollaboratewithlikemindedpeers.Afinalpresentationisrequiredonthelastday.●Qualification:U.S.juniors(atleast16yearsold)●Cost:FreeBerkeleyAIResearchLabSummerProgramThisprogramexplorescuttingedgeAItechnologies,concepts,andethicalguidelines.StudentswillexaminehowAIworksonbothtechnicalandsocietallevels,participateinPythonworkshops,andpleteapracticalproject.Informaldiscussionswithgraduatestudentsarepartoftheexperience.●Qualification:BayAreahighschoolstudentsenteringgrades1012●Cost:$300(financialaidavailable)FordhamSTEMBootcamp:FutureLeadersofAIThisbootcampintroducesAIfundamentals,ethicalconcerns,andprogrammingbasicsthroughlecturesandhandsonprojects.StudentsworkinsmallgroupstoapplyAIconceptstorealworldproblemsanddevelopafinalproject.Peernetworkingisencouragedthroughteamactivities.●Qualification:Highschoolerswhohavepletedatleastoneyear●Cost:$1,358NYUMachineLearningSummerProgramThisprogramahandsonintroductiontoMachineLearning(ML),AIfundamentals,anddataanalysis.StudentswillexecuterealworldMLapplicationsandexplorehowMLresearchdrivesinnovation.Qualification:Studentsingrades912;aged14andabove●Cost:$3,0501.WhatisarequirementforstudentsintheprogramofAIscholars?A.Theymustsubmitaprojectreport.B.TheymusthaveAIfundamentals.C.TheymustbefromtheBayArea.D.Theymustgiveapresentationonthefinalday.2.Whichprogramisonlyopentolocalstudents?第4页/共25页A.AIScholarsatCarnegieMellonUniversity.B.BerkeleyAIResearchLabSummerProgram.C.FordhamSTEMBootcamp:FutureLeadersofAI.D.NYUMachineLearningSummerProgram.3.Whatdothelasttwoprogramshaveinmon?A.Bothincludehandsonactivities.B.Bothareforstudentsaged14andabove.C.Bothfocusonsmallgroupwork.D.BothexploretheapplicationofML.【答案】1.D2.B3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍四个面向高中生的人工智能主题暑期项目，包含项目内容、申请条件及费用等信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据AIScholarsatCarnegieMellonUniversity部分中的“Afinalpresentationisrequiredonthelastday.(最后一天需要进行结业展示)”可知，该项目的要求之一是学生必须在最后一天完成展示。故选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据BerkeleyAIResearchLabSummerProgram部分中的“Qualification:BayAreahighschoolstudentsenteringgrades1012(申请条件：即将升入1012年级的湾区高中生)”可知，该项目仅对本地（湾区）学生开放。故选B项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据FordhamSTEMBootcamp:FutureLeadersofAI部分中的“throughlecturesandhandsonprojects(通过讲座和实践项目)”，以及NYUMachineLearningSummerProgram部分中的“ThisprogramahandsonintroductiontoMachineLearning(ML)(该项目提供机器学习的实践入门课程)”可知，最后两个项目的共同点是都包含实践活动。故选A项。BSomepeopleassumethatnursingisoneofthemostsacredprofessionsoutthere.Thesayingismorethantrueandnoonecantoptheservicesanddedicationprovidedbynurses.NursesmightbetheonlyindividualsonthisEarththatholdbacktheirowntearstogiveasmiletoothers.FlorenceNightingalestandsasitsgreatestmodelwho第5页/共25页gavehereverythingtoservetheneedypeopleofhertimeandbeeanurse.BornintoawealthyfamilyonMay12th,1820,Nightingalereceivedanexceptionaleducationforawomanofhertime.Superwealthyandsuperconnected,herfatherwasdedicatedtohisdaughters’learning.Asaconsequence,NightingalemasteredmultiplelanguageslikeLatin,Italian,Greek,German,andFrench.Sheevenmemorizedtheworksofphilosophyandwouldoftendebatewithherfather.However,societyexpectedwomentofocusonhouseholdmanagement,notcareers.In1837,Nightingalefeltaninnercallingtolessenhumansufferinginthisworld,leadinghertopursuenursing.Thisdecisionshockedherparents,asnursingwasthenviewedasadishonorableprofession.Foroveradecade,shepersistedinhergoal,evenrejectingmarriageproposals.Finally,whenNightingaleturned30,herdadwaspletelywornoutfromresistingandthensenthertoGermanyfornursingtraining.By1853,herdreamwaspletelyrealizedandsheundertookajobinLondonatahospital.Herdestinychangedwiththeoutbreakofoneofthemajorconflictsinthewar.Initially,thegovernmentwassoagainsttheideathattheyactuallyforbadethenursesfromtendingtothesoldiers.However,public.intenseanger,fueledbynewspaperreportsofhorrificconditions,forcedapletepolicychange.Nightingalewasappointedheadnurseandsenttothefrontlines.There,shefacedunimaginablehorrorsbutpersevered.Herrevolutionizedmilitarymedicineandstrengthenedherstatusasalegendaryfigure.Beyondnursing,shewasaborderlinegenius—apolymath(博学家)whopioneeredstatisticalanalysisandleftalegacythatforeverchangedhealthcare.4.WhatwastheinspirationofNightingaletobeeanurse?A.Herfather’sencouragementtogetaprofessionaleducation.B.TheterribleconditionsshewitnessedinLondonhospitals.C.Aninnercallingsheexperiencedtoreducesufferingintheworld.D.Thepublicoutragereportedinnewspapersaboutsoldiercare.5.WhatwasthedirectcausethatledthegovernmenttosendNightingaletothefrontlines?A.HersuccessfulmanagementofaLondonhospital.B.HerpletionofnursingtraininginGermany.C.Publicpressurearisingfromreportsaboutthepoorconditions.D.Adirectrequestfromthesoldiersfightinginthewar.6.WhichwordscanbestdescribeNightingale?A.Considerateandoptimistic.B.Caringanddedicated.第6页/共25页C.Responsibleandhumorous.D.andhelpful.7.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.discussthechallengesofnursingduringthewar.B.describethelife,struggles,andachievementsofNightingale.C.explainhowsocietyrestrictedwomen’seducation.D.analyzewhyNightingaleiscalled“TheLadywiththeLamp”.【答案】4.C5.C6.B7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述南丁格尔的生平经历、投身护理事业的曲折历程及其在医疗领域做出的卓越贡献。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In1837,Nightingalefeltaninnercallingtolessenhumansufferinginthisworld,leadinghertopursuenursing.(1837身护理事业)”可知，南丁格尔成为护士的契机是内心想要减少人间苦难的使命感。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Initially,thegovernmentwassoagainsttheideathattheyactuallyforbadethenursesfromtendingtothesoldiers.However,publicintenseanger,fueledbynewspaperreportsofhorrificconditions,forcedapletepolicychange.(纸对恶劣状况的报道引发了公众的强烈愤慨，迫使政府彻底改变了政策)”可知，促使政府派南丁格尔前往前线的直接原因是媒体报道引发的公众压力。故选C项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In1837,Nightingalefeltaninnercallingtolessenhumansufferinginthisworld,leadinghertopursuenursing(1837使她投身护理事业)”，可见她投身护理的初衷是为了减轻他人苦难，体现出强烈的同情心。根据第五段中的“Nightingalewasappointedheadnurseandsenttothefrontlines.There,shefacedunimaginablehorrorsbutpersevered(南丁格尔被任命为护士长并派往前线。在那里，她面对难以想象的艰难处境，却始终坚持不懈)可知，在前线的恶劣环境中，她依然坚守岗位，体现出奉献精神。故选B项。【7题详解】FlorenceNightingalestandsasitsgreatestmodelwhogavehereverythingtoservetheneedypeopleofhertimeandbeeanurse.(弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔堪称护理行业最杰出的典范，她倾尽所第7页/共25页有，为自己所处时代的困难群体提供服务，并由此成为一名护士)”可知，文章依次介绍了南丁格尔的出身与教育背景、投身护理事业的阻力、前往战地开展护理工作的经历，以及她在医疗和统计学领域的开创性贡献。短文的目的是讲述南丁格尔的生平、奋斗历程与成就。故选B项。CallknowthestoryofPinocchio,whosenosegrewlongerwitheveryliehetold.Inreality,however,theconsequencesofdishonestyarefarlessvisible.Whenwelie,noalarmsounds,andnothingimmediatelyseemstohappen.Butcouldtellingliesactuallycauseunseendamagetooursocialabilities,perhapsbytriggering(引起)changesinhowourbrainworks?ThisintriguingquestionledpsychologistsfromtheUniversityofMichiganandUniversitytoinvestigatewhetherlyinginfluencesourcapacitytounderstandothers’emotions.explorethispossibility,researchersconductedaseriesofcarefullydesignedexperiments.Inonestudyinvolving250pairsofindividuals,onepersonineachpairwasspecificallyinstructedtoeitherlieortellthetruthduringconversation.Theresultsclearlyshowedthatthosewhohadbeendishonestwerelatersignificantlylessaccurateinreadingtheirpartner’semotionalstate.Evensmall,seeminglyharmlessliescloudedthisimportantsocialskill.Inalargerfollowupstudywithnearly1,900participants,researcherscreatedsituationswherepeopleweretemptedtocheatinadicegameforfinancialgain.Theouteremainedconsistent:participantswholikelyliedshowedpoorerperformanceinsubsequentteststhatmeasuredtheirabilitytoidentifyvariousemotionsfromshortvideoclips.Theresearchprovidesstrongevidencethatdishonestacts—whetherperformedunderinstructionorbypersonalchoice—canreducewhatpsychologistscall“empathetic(有同理心的)accuracy”.Thisreferstothecrucialskillofcorrectlyidentifyingandunderstandinganotherperson’semotionalstate.Notably,thisnegativeonemotionalrecognitionappearedconsistentlyacrossdifferenttypesofexperimentalsituations.liveinaworldwheresuccessinbusiness,sociallife,andpersonalrelationshipsdependsheavilyonourabilitytoaccuratelyperceivehowothersarefeeling.Failingtorecognizewhethersomeoneisbeingfriendlyorhostilecanposeseriousrealworldconsequencesinbothprofessionalandpersonalcontexts.Thisresearchascientificallygroundedreminderofalessonmostofuslearnedearlyinlife:beingtruthfulisnotmerelyamoralvirtue,butapracticalnecessityformaintainingouressentialsocialcapabilitiesandbuildinggenuinehumanconnections.8.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheexperimentsmentionedinthetext?A.measurethepossibleresultsifpeoplelieintheirdailylife.B.enhancepeople’sabilitytodetectdishonestbehaviors.第8页/共25页C.studytherelationshipbetweenlyingandbrainworking.D.explorethehiddenoflyingonempatheticability.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“clouded”inparagraph.2mean?A.Destroyed.B.Replaced.C.Improved.D.10.Inwhichsituationwouldapersonmostlikelyexperiencethepotentialhiddenconsequenceofdishonesty?A.Aboyliesaboutbreakingavase,failingtoperceivehisfriend’sworriedexpression.B.Anemployeeliesaboutaminormistake,leadingtoademotionfortakingresponsibility.C.Astudentcheatsinanexam,beingmoresensitivetoteachers’expectations.D.Asalesmanliesaboutproductavailability,achievinghighercustomersatisfaction.Whatisthekeymessageconveyedinthefinalparagraph?A.Thefindingscanbeappliedinvariousreallifesituations.B.Emotionalrecognitiontestsproducereliablescientificresults.C.Honestbehavioriscrucialforeffectivesocialinteraction.D.Earlylessonsabouttruthtellinghavescientificsupport.【答案】8.D9.D10.AC【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究表明说谎会削弱人们理解他人情绪的共情准确性，该负面影响具有一致性，而诚实是维持社交能力、建立真诚人际关系的必要条件。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Butcouldtellingliesactuallycauseunseendamagetooursocialabilities,perhapsbytriggering(引起)changesinhowourbrainworks?ThisintriguingquestionledpsychologistsfromtheUniversityofMichiganandUniversitytoinvestigatewhetherlyinginfluencesourcapacitytounderstandothers’emotions.(但是，说谎是否真的会对我们的社交能力造成看不见的损害，或许是通过引发大脑工作方式的变化？这个有趣的问题促使密歇根大学和华盛顿大学的心理学家研究说谎是否会影响我们理解他人情绪的能力。)”可推知，文中提到的实验的主要目的是探究说谎对共情能力的隐性影响。故选D项。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Theresultsclearlyshowedthatthosewhohadbeendishonestwerelatersignificantlylessaccurateinreadingtheirpartner’semotionalstate.(读伴侣的情绪状态时明显不准确。)”以及划线单词句中“Evensmall,seeminglyharmlessimportant第9页/共25页socialskill.()”由此可知，本句是对前文的递进，说明“即使是小谎言也会对这种社交技能产生负面影响”。故可猜测划线单词clouded为“使影响，蒙上阴影”的意思，D选项“削弱)”符合“准确性下降”的语义。故选D项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Theresearchprovidesstrongevidencethatdishonestacts—whetherperformedunderinstructionorbypersonalchoice—canreducewhatpsychologistscall“empathetic(有同理心的)accuracy”.Thisreferstothecrucialskillofcorrectlyidentifyingandunderstandinganotherperson’semotionalstate.Notably,thisnegativeonemotionalrecognitionappearedconsistentlyacrossdifferenttypesofexperimentalsituations.(这项研究提供了强有力的证据，证明不诚实的行为——无论是在指示下还是个人选择下——都会降低心理学家所说的“同理心准确性”。这指的是正确识别和理解他人情绪状态的关键技能。)打碎了花瓶，没有察觉到他朋友担心的表情”最有可能经历不诚实的潜在隐藏后果。故选A项。【题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Thisresearchascientificallygroundedreminderofalessonmostofuslearnedearlyinlife:beingtruthfulisnotmerelyamoralvirtue,butapracticalnecessityformaintainingouressentialsocialcapabilitiesandbuildinggenuinehumanconnections.(人在幼年时学到的一个教训：诚实不仅是一种道德美德，而且是维持我们基本社交能力和建立真正人际关系的实际必要条件。)”可推知，最后一段传达的关键信息是诚实的行为对于有效的社会互动是至关重要的。故选C项。DScientificforecastshavebeeawidespreadtool:theyappearinweatherapps,guidefarmers’plantingschedules,helpcitiesprepareforfloodsandheatwaves,andeveninfluencepeople’sdailyroutestoworkandschool.Asaresult,lookingintothefutureisnolongerarareprivilege(特权)butaroutineexpectation.Now,newresearchsuggeststhatasimpleandlowcoststepmaysharplyimprovesomeoftheseforecasts:biningsatelliteobservationswithlocalgroundreadingsinrealtime.Inarecentstudy,ateamofclimatescientistsfromChinatestedamodelthatusedBeiDousatellitedatatogetherwithtemperatureandhumidityrecordsfromcitysensors.paredwitholdermodels,itsshorttermheatwaveforecastswere,onaverage,about40percentmoreaccurate.Essentially,thisimprovementdependedmainlyonhowmuchlocalsensordatathemodelcouldhaveaccessto.Inneighborhoodswheresensornetworkscoveredmorethan70percentofthearea,forecasterrorsdroppedsharply.第10页/共25页Bycontrast,indistrictswithcoveragebelow30percent,anyreductioninerrorrateswasonlyslight,withcertainextremeeventscontinuingtogoundetected.Asaresult,vulnerable(易受伤害的)munitiescouldeasilybeunderestimated.Inaddition,theresearchdidnotincludeeverytypeofclimaterelatedrisk:theteamstudiedonlyheatwavesandheavyrainfall,nototherthreatssuchassuddenfloodsorsandstorms.Nevertheless,thefindingspointtoapathforwardformaking“lookingintothefuture”morereliableasthedemandforaccurateforecastsincreases.Earlierstudieshaverevealedthatsomecitiesendedupseriouslyunpreparedforrecordheat,mainlybecausewarningsarrivedtoolate,failedtogainpublictrust,orlackedtheprecisionneededtotriggeraction.Amodelthatcansendclearerandearliersignalscouldgivelocalgovernmentsmoretimetorespondandmayreducelosses.Scientistsarestilldebatinghowfarweshouldtrustsuchtools.Thenewstudysuggeststhatbetterdataandcarefullystandardizedmodelscanlimitsomerisks,ratherthanremovethem,andthatforecastsshouldbetreatedascautiousguidanceinsteadofpromises.Aclimatescientistsaysthelinkbetweendatacoverageandforecastqualityis“impressive”andsuggeststhatmonitoringnetworksandforecastcentersbeupgradedsothatsuchmodelscanserveaswarningsratherthanperfectanswers.12.Howisparagraph1developed?A.Bygivingexamples.B.Byaskingquestions.C.Bydefiningterms.D.Byquotingexperts.13.Whatmainlydeterminedthedecreaseinforecasterrorsinthestudy?A.Theamountoflocalsensordata.B.Thelengthoftheforecastperiod.C.Therangeofclimaterisksincluded.D.Theaccuracyofinitialtemperaturerecords.14.Whatdoestheauthormainlytrytoillustratebymentioningunpreparedcitiesinparagraph4?A.Theseverityofheatrelatedproblems.B.Theimportanceoftimelyandreliableforecasts.C.Thecostofopeningpubliccoolingcenters.D.Thedifficultyofmeasuringrecordtemperatures.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ChineseSatellitesastheKeytoSmarterForecastsB.PerfectForecastswithNoFutureRisks第11页/共25页C.RecordHeatastheCentralFutureThreatD.BetterForecastswithLimits【答案】12.A13.A14.B15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍结合卫星与地面数据可提升预测准确性，同时指出局限性及应用意义。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Scientificforecastshavebeeawidespreadtool:theyappearinweatherapps,guidefarmers’plantingschedules,helpcitiesprepareforfloodsandheatwaves,andeveninfluencepeople’sdailyroutestoworkandschool.(科学预测已成为一种广泛使用的工具：它们出现在天气应用程序中，指导农民的种植计划，帮助城市为洪水和热浪做准备，甚至影响人们日常的上下班和上学路线)”可知，段落通过列举天气应用、农业种植、城市防灾等例子展开，采用举例论证法。故选A项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Essentially,thisimprovementdependedmainlyonhowmuchlocalsensordatathemodelcouldhaveaccessto.(本质上，这种改进主要取决于该模型能够获取的本地传感器数据量)”可知，预测误差的降低主要由本地传感器数据量决定。故选A项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Earlierstudieshaverevealedthatsomecitiesendedupseriouslyunpreparedforrecordheat,mainlybecausewarningsarrivedtoolate,failedtogainpublictrust,orlackedtheprecisionneededtotriggeraction.Amodelthatcansendclearerandearliersignalscouldgivelocalgovernmentsmoretimetorespondandmayreducelosses.(早期研究表明，一些城市对创纪录的高温严重准备不足，主要是因为预警来得太晚、未能获得公众信任或缺乏触发行动所需的精准度。一个能发出更清晰、更早信号的模型可以给地方政府更多响应时间，并可能减少损失)”可知，提及未做好准备的城市是为了凸显及时且可靠预测的重要性。故选B项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段中“biningsatelliteobservationswithlocalgroundreadingsinrealtime.Inarecentstudy,ateamofclimatescientistsfromChinatestedamodelthatusedBeiDousatellitedatatogetherwithtemperatureandhumidityrecordsfromcitysensors.paredwitholdermodels,itsshorttermheatwaveforecastswere,onaverage,about40percentmoreaccurate.(结合卫星观测与当地地面实时读数。在最近的一项研究中，来自中国的一组气候科学家测试了一个模型，该模型使用了北斗卫星数据和城市传感器的温度和第12页/共25页湿度记录。与以前的模型相比，它的短期热浪预测平均要准确40%左右)”、第三段中的“Bycontrast,indistrictswithcoveragebelow30percent,anyreductioninerrorrateswasonlyslight,withcertainextremeeventscontinuingtogoundetected.(相比之下，在覆盖率低于30%的地区，错误率仅略有下降，某些极端事件继续未被发现)”及第五段中“Thenewstudysuggeststhatbetterdataandcarefullystandardizedmodelscanlimitsomerisks,ratherthanremovethem,andthatforecastsshouldbetreatedascautiousguidanceinsteadofpromises.(这项新的研究表明，更好的数据和仔细标准化的模型可以限制一些风险，而不是消除它们，预测应该被视为谨慎的指导，而不是承诺)”可知，文章主要介绍结合卫星与地面数据可提升预测准确性，同时指出局限性及应用意义。BetterForecastswithLimits(更好的预测，但有现实世界的局限)概括了文章主旨，适合作为本文的标题。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题分，满分分）Motivation:WhatIsItExactly?Motivationinvolvesinspiringandencouragingindividualsorateamtowillinglyandenthusiasticallypursueamongoalorobjective.Ourparentsmotivateus,ourfriendsdo,andeveryonedoesit.Let’stakealookatmotivationfromaleader’sperspective.____16____EmpowermentEmpowermentisthemaincharacteristicofmotivatedleaders.Leaderswhoaremotivatedwillempowertheiremployeesbyprovidingthemwithresponsibilityandautonomy.needtogiveyouremployeesasenseoffreedom.____17____intheabilitiesofyouremployeesandgivethemownershipofthetasks,whichwillmotivatethemtobebetter.municationmunicationisavitalpartofourdailylives,andthereisnobettertoolthanmunicationifyouwanttomotivateyouremployees.Needlesstosay,effectivemunicationisamustifyouwantyourworkforcetobemotivated.____18____.Whenthisisdoneinapropermanner,youwillstartseeingfruitfulresults.Leadersmunicatethepurposeandsignificanceoftasksandprojects,makingteammembersunderstandwhytheircontributionsmatter.RecognitionandrewardTherecannotbeanykindofmotivationwithoutproperrecognitionandreward.____19____.Leadersshouldrecognizeandrewardteammembersfortheirandachievements.Thiscanincludebothintrinsicrewards(likepraiseandacknowledgement)andextrinsicrewards(suchasbonusesorpromotions).第13页/共25页____20____Motivationneedstobethereforalongtime.Shorttermperformanceboostsarenotsustainableafterall.Motivationistypicallyfocusedonthelongtermdevelopmentandgrowthofteammembers.Goodleadersinvestintheirteam’sskills,capabilities,andpersonaldevelopment.A.LongtermfocusB.PersonaldevelopmentC.Listentotheirneedsandthenconveyyourneeds.D.Asaresult,teammembersfeelmotivatedtotakeinitiative.E.Theyneedtoknowthattheycanhandlethingsontheirown.F.Foranykindofworkforce,theyneedareasontoperformbetter.G.Herearesomeofthecharacteristicsthatyoushouldknowabout.【答案】16.G17.E18.C19.F20.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章阐释了动机的定义，从领导者视角介绍了激励团队的四大特质：赋能、沟通、认可奖励以及关注长期发展。【16题详解】前文“Let’stakealookatmotivationfromaleader’sperspective.(让我们从领导者的角度来看看动机。)”提出“从领导者视角看动机”，后文分点介绍了EmpowermentmunicationG选项“Herearesomeofthecharacteristicsthatyoushouldknowabout.(这里有一些你应该知道的特征。)”起到了引出下文分论点的过渡作用，衔接自然。故选G项。【17题详解】前文“needtogiveyouremployeesasenseoffreedom.(你需要给员工一种自由的感觉。)”提到“要给员工自由感”，后文“intheabilitiesofyouremployeesandgivethemownershipofthetasks,whichwillmotivatethemtobebetter.()”强调“信E选项“Theyneedtoknowthattheycanhandlethingsontheirown.(他们需要知道他们可以自己处理事情。)”承接“自由感”的核心，说明员工需要确认自己有独立处理事务的能力，逻辑连贯。故选E项。【18题详解】本段主题是munication(沟通)，前文“Needlesstosay,effectivemunicationisamustifyouwantyourworkforcetobemotivated.()”指出“有效沟第14页/共25页通是激励员工的必要条件”，C选项“Listentotheirneedsandthenconveyyourneeds.(倾听他们的需求，然后传达你的需求。)”具体说明有效沟通的做法——倾听员工需求+传达自身需求，符合段落核心内容。故选C项。【19题详解】本段主题是Recognitionandreward(认可与奖励)Therecannotbeanykindofmotivationwithoutproperrecognitionandreward.(没有适当的认可和奖励，就不可能有任何动机。)”说“没有合理的认可和奖励就无从谈激励”，F选项“Foranykindofworkforce,theyneedareasontoperformbetter.(于任何一种员工来说，他们都需要一个表现得更好的理由。)”解释了背后逻辑：员工需要一个表现更好的理由，而认可与奖励就是这个理由，衔接紧密。故选F项。【20题详解】后文“Motivationneedstobethereforalongtime.Shorttermperformanceboostsarenotsustainableafterall.Motivationistypicallyfocusedonthelongtermdevelopmentandgrowthofteammembers.Goodleadersinvestintheirteam’sskills,capabilities,andpersonaldevelopment.(动机需要长期存在。短期的业绩提升毕竟是不可持续的。激励通常集中在团队成员的长期发展和成长上。优秀的领导者投资于团队的技能、能力和个人发展。)”可知，核心是“激励需要长期存在，关注团队成员的长期发展”，A选项“Longtermfocus(长期关注)”能够概括本段主旨，作为小标题最合适。故选A项。第三部分语言运用共两节，满分分)第一节共小题；每小题1分，满分分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的、、、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ThorleifssonwaswalkingaroundReykjavikonenightinJuly2020withhiswifeandtwokids.TheyhadjustmovedfromtheUnitedStatesbacktoIcelandandwere____21____fromjetlag(时差).Duringtheirwalk,histhreeyearoldsonwasthirstyandwantedadrinkfromacornerstore.ButThorleifssonsoonfoundhecouldn’tenterthestorebecausea20centimetrestep____22____hisway.Thiswasnotanew____23____forhim.Bornwithmusculardystrophy,Thorleifssonhasbeenusingawheelchairsincehewas25.Ashewaitedoutside,hethoughtabouthowoftenhehadbeen____24____fromjoiningfriendsorfamilyininaccessibleplaces.Havingworkedaroundtheworldasacreativedirector,hehadseenhowdifferentcities____25____accessibility.Aftersellinghisagencyonline,hehadtheresourcestomakeachangeinhishometown.Sohe____26____aprojecttomakeIcelandwheelchairaccessible,oneramp(坡道)atatime.RampUpReykjavikwas____27____asacharityin2021withagoalofbuilding100rampsinayear.Unlike第15页/共25页temporaryrampsusedelsewhere,thesewere____28____structuresdesignedtomatchthebuildings.Thorleifssonbelieveditwasimportanttocreatea____29____solutionthatmadepeoplefeeltheybelonged.governmentfundingandsponsors,theRampUpteamfinishedaheadofscheduleand____30____itsgoalto1,500rampsacrossIcelandby2026.Thorleifssonhasbeealocal____31____.HewasnamedIceland’sPersonofthein2022.Healsorunsacafe,acinema,andacoworkingspace.Heis____32____thatRampUphasinspiredotherstotakeaction.Herecentlymetawomanwhobuiltarampathomesoherfriendinawheelchaircouldvisit____33____.“Equalaccessisnotarealityyet,”saysThorleifsson.Buthehasshownthatchange____34____withoneperson.Hisstoryremindsusthateveryonecan____35____adifference.21.A.recoveringB.sufferingC.escapingD.resting22.A.blockedB.builtC.clearedD.crossed23.A.experienceB.ideaC.challengeD.story24.A.preventedB.protectedC.separatedD.excused25.A.describedB.ignoredC.discussedD.handled26.A.setup