2026《金版教程》高考复习方案英语主题版-选择性必修第1册 UNIT 1　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT

一背记单词/词块◎学术研究1．physiologyn.生理学；生理机能2．artemisininn.[药]青蒿素3．malarian.疟疾4．wormwoodn.蒿；洋艾5．obtnvt.获得vi.存在；流行6．acknowledgevt.承认；感谢7．analysevt.分析8．substancen.物质；物品；事实根据9．penicillinn.青霉素；盘尼西林10．chartn.图表11．flowchart流程图12．relativityn.相对论；相对性13．formulan.公式14．geniusn.天才；天资；天赋15．patentn.专利adj.有专利的16．doctoraten.博士学位17．instituten.(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑18．professorn.教授19．devicen.方法；装置20．draftn.草稿◎行为21．extractvt.&n.提取；摘录22．boilvt.&vi.&n.沸腾23．defeatvt.击败n.失败24．insistvi.&vt.坚持25．fleevi.&vt.迅速离开；逃跑26．infervt.推断；推定27．encountervt.偶然碰到n.邂逅28．mournvt.&vi.哀悼；忧伤29．sumvi.总结n.金额；总和◎科学实验30．propertyn.性质；特征；财产31．liquidn.液体adj.液体的；液态的32．circumstancen.条件；环境33．flown.流；流动；供应vi.流34．photoelectricadj.光电的◎描述词35．crucialadj.至关重要的；关键性的36．vitaladj.极其重要的37．numerousadj.众多的38．extraordinaryadj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的39．graduallyadv.逐渐地40．remarkableadj.非凡的；显著的◎其他41．institutionn.社会公共机构；制度；习俗42．moustachen.上唇的胡子；髭43．peculiarityn.个性；特点；怪异的性质二词形变化1．commitvt.承诺vi.忠于→committedadj.尽心尽力的→commitmentn.投入2．academyn.研究院→academicadj.学业的3．objectn.物体→objectiven.目标adj.客观的4．botanyn.植物学→botanicaladj.植物学的5．evaluatevt.评价→evaluationn.评价6．distinctadj.有区别的→distinctionn.区别；区分7．apparentadj.显而易见的→apparentlyadv.显而易见8．sciencen.科学→scientificadj.科学的→scientistn.科学家9．mostadj.大多数的→mostlyadv.主要地10．concludevt.断定；结束→conclusionn.结论11．noveln.小说→novelistn.小说家12．foundvt.创建→foundationn.创建→foundern.创建者13．politicsn.政治→politicaladj.政治的→politiciann.政治家14．theoryn.理论→theorizev.理论化→theoreticaladj.理论上的→theoristn.理论家15．gentleadj.温柔的→gentlyadv.温柔地16．passionn.激情→passionateadj.有激情的17．consequentadj.随之发生的→consequentlyadv.因此，所以→consequencen.结果1．Committedtoeducation,hecommittedeveryminutetostudyingandteaching,sohiscommitmentfinallypdoff.(commit)2．Asachild,heshowedgreatinterestinscienceandwantedtobeascientist.Nowheiscommittedtodoingscientificresearch.(scientific)3．Oneoftheworstconsequencesofsmokingforalongtimeisthatyoumaysufferfromlungcancer.Consequently,__youandyourfamilywillsufferalot.(consequent)4．Themnobjectiveoftheprojectistocreateanewobjectthatimprovesefficiency.(objective)5．Philosophersdidnotusetomakeadistinctionbetweenartsandscience.Thetwoconceptsarequitedistinct.(distinct)6．Inconclusion,__Iwouldliketothankourleaderforhisdedicationinthisprogrammesothatitcanbeconcludedperfectlybeforethedeadline.(conclude)7．Thisnovelwaswrittenbyafamousnovelistinthe1980s,whichenjoyedpopularityamongyoungpeople.(novel)8．Theapparentsuccessoftheeventwasevidentfromthecrowd,butapparently,__noteveryonewassatisfiedwiththeorganization.(apparent)三熟词生义1.property[熟义]n.财产；房产[生义]n.性质；性能；特征(常用复数)2．boil[熟义]v.(使)沸腾；煮沸[生义]v.发怒；发火n.煮沸；沸点3．acknowledge[熟义]v.承认[生义]v.向……打招呼；(公开)感谢4．defeat[熟义]v.击败；战胜[生义]v.使困惑；难住；使受挫n.失败；挫败5．conclusion[熟义]n.结论[生义]n.结束；结尾6．theory[熟义]n.理论；学说[生义]n.推测，看法1．Hisrudenessmadeherboilwithanger.他的无理使她怒不可遏。2．Ihavethistheorythatmostpeoplepreferbeingatworktobeingathome.依我看，大多数人更喜欢工作而不是在家。3．Igratefullyacknowledgethefinancialsupportfromseverallocalbusinesses.我对本地几家企业的资助表示感谢。4．I'vetriedtounderstandyouridea,butI'mafrdit'sdefeatedme.我想了解你的想法，但这恐怕难住我了。5．Asabotanist,hetakesnotesonthepropertiesofanyplantheencounters.作为一名植物学家，他会记录他遇到的任何植物的特性。6．Whenhebroughthisspeechtoaniceconclusion,histeacherinvitedtherestoftheclasstocongratulatehim.当他的演讲圆满结束时，他的老师邀请全班同学向他表示祝贺。小积累—wordfamilies1.观点态度形容词①objective客观的②subjective主观的③neutral中立的④indifferent/unconcerned漠不关心的⑤approving/supportive支持的⑥opposing/disapproving反对的⑦dismissive鄙视的2.ABB型不规则动词①flee→fled→fled②bend→bent→bent③lend→lent→lent④meet→met→met⑤understand→understood→understood⑥think→thought→thought3.“总之”短语①to__sum__up②inconclusion③inshort④allinall⑤inaword⑥in__brief⑦inanutshell一词表短语1．commit__oneself__to__(sth/doing__sth/do__sth)承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)2．insist__on坚决要求3．wear__and__tear(正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗4．come__to__power(开始)掌权；上台5．take__up__a__position担任；任职6．sum__up总结；概括选用上面的短语填空1．Afteryearsofhardworkandperseverance,shefinallytook__up__a__positionastheCEOofthecompany,fulfillingherlifelongambition.2．Sheinsisted__onhavingthefinalsayinthedecision­makingprocess,showcasingherdeterminationtoensurehervoicewasheard.3．Attheendoftheconference,thespeakertookamomenttosum__upthekeypointsdiscussed,ensuringeveryonewasonthesamepagebeforeconcluding.4．Hecommitted__himself__tocompletingtheprojectwithinthedeadline,demonstratinghisdedicationandcommitmenttosuccess.二写作词块1．a__committed__scientist一位尽职尽责的科学家2．set/achieve__one's__objective设定/实现目标3．get__over__numerous__difficulties战胜无数的困难4．out__of__a__strong__passion__for__knowledge出于对知识的强烈热情5．remarkable__achievements了不起的成就6．make__contributions__to对……作出贡献7．as__a__consequence因此；结果8．show__promise__(in)(在某方面)显示出有前景9．be__awarded__the__Nobel__Prize被授予诺贝尔奖10．set__a__benchmark__for__excellence树立卓越的标杆11．pave__the__way__for__future__generations为后代铺路12．be__an__inspiration__to__others激励他人1．(教材P3)当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我……”(upon/on(doing)sth“一……就……”)Upon__hearing__that__she__had__been__awarded__the__Nobel__Prize,__she__sd,__“The__honour__is__not__just__mine__...”2．(教材P3)中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一个荣誉。(it作形式主语)It__is__indeed__an__honour__for__China's__scientific__research__and__Chinese__medicine__to__be__spread__around__the__world.3．(教材P8)工作期间，出于强烈的求知欲，他仍继续学习，于1905年获得物理学博士学位。(状语从句的省略)While__working__there,__out__of__a__strong__passion__for__knowledge,__he__continued__to__study,__earning__a__doctorate__in__physics__in__1905.自主检测Ⅰ.主题理解·回眸课文Thisyear'sNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicinehasbeenawardedtoTuYouyou(co－winner),__1__researchledtothediscoveryofartemisinin,whichhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria,andisthoughttosave100，000livesayearinAfricaalone.TuYouyou,a__2__(commit)andpatientscientist,graduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.In1967,theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistswiththe__3__(object)ofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria,andTuYouyouwasamongthefirstresearchers__4__(choose).From__5__(they)research,theydiscoveredandtested380distinctancientChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefightagnstmalaria.Afterflingmorethan190times,__6__teamfinallysucceededindrawing__7__artemisininfromsweetwormwood.TuYouyouandherteammemberseven__8__(insist)ontestingthemedicineonthemselvestomakesurethatitwassafe.ShethinksitisindeedanhonourforChina's__9__(science)researchandChinesemedicine__10__(spread)aroundtheworld.1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________答案：1.whose2mitted3.objective4．chosen5.their6.the7.out8.insisted9．scientific10.tobespreadAlbertEinsteinisoftenconsideredoneofthe__1__(smart)menwhoeverlived.He__2__(bear)inGermanyon14March1879,entereduniversityin1896andgraduatedin1900.HetookajobasaclerkintheSwisspatentofficeandoutof__3__strongpassionforknowledge,hecontinuedtostudy,__4__(earn)adoctorateinphysicsin1905.Thatsameyear,__5__waslaterrecordedasamiracleyearinscience,hepublishedfourextraordinaryphysicspapers.Followingthis,he__6__(gradual)becamefamousthroughouttheworld__7__thenewIsaacNewton.In1922,hewasawardedthe1921NobelPrizeforPhysicsforhisexplanationofthephotoelectriceffect.Butin1933,whenHitlercametopowerinGermany,Einstein,whowasJewish,foundthedoorsofacademic__8__(institution)closedtohim.Asaconsequence,hehadtofleeGermany,wherehe__9__(continue)tomakegreatachievementsinphysicsandmathematics.On18April1955,__10__wasreportedthatEinsteinhadpassedaway,andthewholeworldmournedthegreatlossofabrilliantscientist.1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________答案：1.smartest2.wasborn3.a4.earning5.which6.gradually7.as8.institutions9．continued10.itⅡ.重点语块Successfulpeoplearethosewhomake__contributions__to(对……作出贡献)societyandcommit__themselves__to(保证)achievingremarkable__achievements(了不起的成就).Theyinsist__on(坚决要求)theirvisionsandgoals,neverbackingdowninthefaceofadversity.Theseindividualsgetovernumerousdifficulties,pushingthrougheachchallengewithunwaveringdetermination.Oncetheycome__to__power(掌权)ortake__up__a__position(担任)ofinfluence,theycontinuetostriveforexcellence.Whenwesum__up(总结)theirlives,weseethattheyhaveconsistentlysetandachievedobjectives,leavingalegacyofoutstandingaccomplishmentsthatinspireotherstofollowintheirfootsteps.Ⅲ.重点句式1．一听到这个意外的消息，他惊讶得一句话也说不出来。(upon/on(doing)sth“一……就……”)Upon/On__hearing__the__unexpected__news,__hewassosurprisedthathecouldn'tsayaword.2．地球围绕太阳转是常识。(it作形式主语)It__is__common__knowledge__thattheEarthrevolvesaroundtheSun.Ⅳ.主题写作佳句1．【教材P2】他们的项目陷入了僵局。然而，屠呦呦并不认输。Their__project__got__stuck.__However,__Tu__Youyou__would__not__acknowledge__defeat.2．【教材P8】爱因斯坦不仅是一位天才，而且是一位广受爱戴的勇敢、善良的人。Einstein__was__not__only__a__genius;__he__was__a__courageous__and__kind__figure__loved__by__many__people.3．【教材P8】他胡须浓密，头发又长又白，有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。He__had__a__thick__moustache__and__long__white__hr,__which__sometimes__stood__on__end__as__though__he__had__just__received__an__electric__shock.4．【教材P9】1955年4月18日，噩耗传来，爱因斯坦与世长辞，全世界都哀悼一代科学巨星的陨落。On__18__April__1955,__it__was__reported__that__Einstein__had__passed__away,__and__the__whole__world__mourned__the__great__loss__of__a__brilliant__scientist.硬核考点考点1vitaladj.必不可少的；极其重要的，充满生机的bevitalto/for...对……至关重要Itisvitaltodosth做某事很重要Itisvitalthat...(should)dosth做某事是十分重要的beofvitalimportance至关重要的playavitalrolein在……中发挥着至关重要的作用add/injectvitalityto...给……增加/注入活力1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Ifyouwanttobepublished,it'svitalto__submit(submit)aperfect,professionallypresentedmanuscript(原稿)．2．Youractiveparticipationisboundtoinjectvitality(vital)totheseminar.Yourcomingishighlyexpected.(写作佳句)3．Additionally,pocketparksplay__a__vital__role__in(发挥着至关重要的作用)improvingthelifequalityofresidents.4．我们从失败中吸取教训是至关重要的。(写作佳句)It__is__vital__that__we__(should)__learn__from__flure.＝It__is__of__vital__importance__that__we__(should)__learn__from__flure.考点2commitvt.承诺；保证；犯(罪或错等)vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)commitmistakes/acrime犯错/罪commitoneselftodosth承诺做某事committo(doing)sth＝commitoneselfto(doing)sth＝becommittedto(doing)sth致力于(做)某事makeacommitmentto(doing)sth保证/承诺(做)某事1.Goodmanagement,likegoodparenting,isalong­termcommitment(commit).2．Idecidedtocommittocompleting(complete)theapplications,andsoonIwasapartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotectnature.3．Atalentedscientistwellknownforhiscommitment(commit)tohiscountry,HuangDaniancommittedhimself(he)tohisresearchingeophysics.(写作佳句)4．屠呦呦，一位具有奉献精神和耐心的科学家，为我们树立了良好的榜样，激励我努力奋斗，创造更美好的未来。(写作佳句)TuYouyou,a__committed__and__patient__scientist,__hassetagoodexampletous,inspiring__me__to__strive__for__a__better__future.考点3acknowledgevt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢acknowledgedoing/havingdone...承认做了……acknowledge...as/tobe...承认……是……Itiswidely/generally/universallyacknowledgedthat...……是大家公认的beacknowledgedas/tobe被认为是1.Heis__acknowledged(acknowledge)asoneofthegreatestpianists.2．Hefinallyacknowledgedmaking/having__made(make)amistakeintheprojectplan,andapologizedtohisteam.3．人们普遍认为，如果没有坚强的意志和毅力，人们就不可能成功或实现目标。It__is__universally__acknowledged__thatpeoplecannotsucceedorachievetheirtargetswithoutastrongwillandpersistence.考点4insistvi.&vt.坚持；坚决要求insiston/upon(doing)sth坚持(做)某事insistthat...坚持说/认为……，从句用陈述语气insist(that)sb/sth(should)do坚持主张……；坚决要求……，从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should＋动词原形，should可省略1.Aspokesmaninsistedthetwoeventswere(be)notrelated.2．Davidinsisted__on/upon__running__as__if__he__had__forgotten__all__his__weaknesses(坚持跑步，就好像他忘记了所有的弱点),thoughhewastrippedoverwithintheafewkilometers.3．学生会坚持要求每个参与者按时到达大厅。TheStudentUnioninsiststhat__every__participant__(should)__arrive__at__the__hall__on__time．【北师版必修第二册写作佳句】AlthoughTuYouyouhaswontheNobelPrizeandbecomewell­known,sheisuninterestedinfameandpreferstocontinueherresearch.屠呦呦虽然获得了诺贝尔奖，也很有名气，但她对名声不感兴趣，更愿意继续自己的研究。考点5conclusionn.结论；推论cometo/reach/drawaconclusion得出结论inconclusion总而言之concludestheq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(withsth,bydoingsth))eq\a\vs4\al(以（做）某事结束某事)conclude...from...＝concludefrom...that...从……中推断出……1.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.2．Idrewaconclusion(conclude)frommyownexperiencesthatafriendinneedisafriendindeed.3．Iconcludefromhisnervousbehaviorthatheishidingsomethingfromus.4．总之，研究发现定期锻炼可以显著改善心理健康。(写作佳句)In__conclusion,__the__study__found__that__regular__exercise__can__significantly__improve__mental__health.考点6circumstancen.[常pl.]条件；环境；状况in/under...circumstances在……的情况下in/undernocircumstances决不；无论如何都不(置于句首，主谓需用部分倒装)【名师点津】“决不”的多样性表达：innoway/innocase/innosense;atnotime;bynomeans/bynochance;onnoaccount/onnoconsideration;undernocircumstances/undernosituation;neverever。1．Indifficultcircumstances(circumstance),it'simportanttostaycalmandthinkthingsthrough.2．Atnotimedid(do)shelosehercomposure,evenwhenfacedwithintensepressure.3．我觉得尴尬极了，我提醒自己决不会再犯这样的错误了。(写作佳句)Feelingembarrassed,Iremindedmyselfthatunder__no__circumstances__would__I__commit/make__such__a__mistake__agn.考点7takeupaposition担任；任职take常用短语搭配：takeup拿起；占据；开始从事；接受takeoff脱下；起飞；事业腾飞；离开takein吸收；理解；欺骗；收留takeover接管；占据上风takeon呈现；雇佣；承担；接受(挑战)takedown记下，写下；拆除takeapart拆开；拆卸1.Aftertakingoverthecompanyfromhisfather,hetookinsomeadvancedideas.2．Icouldhardlytakeinwhattheteachersdinclass,whichmademeinlowspirits.3．Whenthedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.4．Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,our__country__has__taken__on__a__new__look(我们的国家面貌焕然一新)．5．汤姆是个有激情的人，他将在下个月底就任学生会主席一职。Tom,apersonwithpassion,will__take__up__his__position__as__chrman__of__the__Student__Associationattheendofnextmonth.考点8upon/on＋名词/动词­ing,意为“一……就……”其他表示“一……就……”，且可用作连词的结构：assoonas名词短语：theinstant/moment/minute副词：instantly/immediately/directly1.On/Uponhearingtheshotsoftheracerangout,everyonejustrushedforward,andonlyasmallthinbodywasstaggeringbehind.2．Immediately(immediate)sheenteredtheroom,shefeltasenseofwarmthandcomfort.3．我的头一从这个大南瓜里拔出来，我就松了一口气。As__soon__asmyheadwaspulledoutofthehugepumpkin,Isighedinrelief.(连词)＝The__instant/moment/minutemyheadwaspulledoutofthehugepumpkin,Isighedinrelief.(名词短语)＝Instantly/Immediately/Directlymyheadwaspulledoutofthehugepumpkin,Isighedinrelief.(副词)【外研版选择性必修第三册写作佳句】Inadditiontonewstagedesignsandsingingstyles,hisinnovationsinmake－upandcostumedesignallowedformorevividdepictionsoffemalecharacters.除了新的舞台设计和演唱风格，他在化妆和服装设计上的创新使得对女性角色的刻画更加生动。强化训练一、单句语法填空1．AsDavidMyerspointsout,“Actualincomedoesn'tmuchinfluencehappinesshowsatisifiedwearewithourincomedoes.”2．Hedesirestobeadmittedtothefamousacademyandasaconsequence,heiscommittedtostudying(study)hardonadlybasis.3．LuXun,acknowledged(acknowledge)asoneofthegreatestmodernwritersinChina,wasborninShaoxing,ZhejiangProvince.4．MybestfriendTonyinsistedon/upondrivingmetotherporttoseemeoff.5．Aftertwoyears,thesecondgroupsawremarkable(remark)improvementsinhearthealth.6．Apparently(apparent),theinformationobtnedfromthewebsiteisnottrue.7．Ouruseofharmfulchemicalsandtheconsequent(consequence)damagetotheenvironmentisaveryseriousmatter.8．Encounteringafrighteningbeastonthewaytothemarkettheotherday,theservantfled(flee)withhisheartbeatingwildly.9．Under/InnocircumstancesshouldyoulendPaulanymoney.10．Sheconcludedherpresentationbysummarizingthekeypointsinaclearandbriefmanner.二、熟词生义1．Honestyisadesirablepropertyinaperson.特性2．Shebegantoboilwhensherealizedshehadbeenliedto.发怒3．Theunexpectedrndefeatedourplansforapicnicinthepark.使受挫4．Sheacknowledgedherfriendwithawaveastheypassedeachotherinthestreet.向……打招呼5．Ihaveatheorythatpayingattentiontoone'ssurroundingswhiletravelingbycarhelpschildrendevelopaninternalcompass.看法三、构词法词缀含义例词­ance表示状态circumstance,__substance,abundance,acquntance,assistance,acceptance,distance,importance,performance写出下列黑体词的含义1．Thenewlawshavegnedwidespreadacceptance.赞同2．Ithinkshecopedverywellunderthecircumstances.情况3．Shegavethegreatestperformanceofhercareer.表演4．Imadetheacquntanceofseveralmusiciansaroundthattime.结识5．Inthedistance,theskywasbeginningtobrighten.远处6．Thegardenisflourishingwithanabundanceofcolorfulflowersandfragrantplants.大量四、补全句子1．只有坚持定期锻炼，我们才能保持身心健康。(insist)Onlywhenweinsist__on__working__out__regularlycanwekeepphysicallyandmentallyhealthy.2．在任何情况下，我都不会错过这个对我未来的发展至关重要的宝贵机会。(circumstance；vital)Under/In__no__circumstanceswillImissthispreciousopportunity,whichis__vital__for/tomyfuturedevelopment.3．人们普遍认为全球气温上升将导致严重的后果。(acknowledge)It__is__widely/generally/universally__acknowledged__that__the__rise__in__global__temperaturewillresultinseriousconsequences.4．一听到这个消息，他难以抑制心中的兴奋，高兴得跳了起来。(on/upondoing)On/Upon__hearing__the__news,__hewasunabletocontrolhisexcitementandjumpedwithjoy.5．她决定担任社会工作者一职，致力于帮助她所在社区中需要帮助的人。(takeupaposition)She__decided__to__take__up__a__position__as__a__social__worker,__dedicatedtohelpingthoseinneedinhercommunity.6．我最喜欢的老师去年退休了，他总是耐心且和蔼。(非限制性定语从句)Myfavoriteteacher,who__is__always__patient__and__kind,__retiredlastyear.五、长难句分析(2024·北京高考)Sincetherearemanyfactorsinvolvedinthepringprocess,notallstudentswhosignupwillbematchedwithapartnerandbeabletoregisterfortheprogramme.句意：由于结对过程中涉及许多因素，并非所有注册的学生都能匹配到合作伙伴，并能够注册该项目。分析：句子主干是not__all__students__will__be__matched__and__be__able__to__register；Since引导原因状语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词students。读写用—素养提升一、深化阅读——明晰考向以阅读养阅读(2023·全国乙卷)Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity'slaterachievements,anduntilfrlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan't.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon－literatehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptnCook'svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptn'srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTno,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)betweenliterateandnon－literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst－handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,__wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事范畴以更好地理解历史的重要性。32．Whatisthefirstparagraphmnlyabout?A．Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B．Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C．Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.D．Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.答案：A解析：段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知，如果要讲述一段不偏不倚的历史，不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界历史只有一部分曾经有过文本，而且文字出现较晚，即便直到最近，许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物品来记录重要的事件。由此可总结出，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现。故选A。33．WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptnCookinparagraph2?A．Hisreportwasscientific.B．Herepresentedthelocalpeople.C．HeruledoverBotanyBay.D．Hisrecordwasone－sided.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“FromtheEnglishside...hisfirstexperienceofgunshot.(在英国方面，我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男子第一次经历枪击后在搏斗中落下的。)”可推知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的。故选D。34．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A．Problem. B．History.C．Voice. D．Society.答案：B解析：指代判断题。根据画线词上文“ahistorytoldthroughthings...onlyonehalfofadialogue”并结合画线词所在句可知，读文本只能了解历史的一半，如果想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读物品。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。35．Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A．HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorld.B．AShortHistoryofAustralia.C．AHistoryoftheWorldin100Objects.D．HowArtWorksTellStories.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Ifyouwanttotellthehistory...formostofthetime,hasnot.”并结合最后一段中的“Ifwearetofindtheother...buttheobjects.”可知，文章主要论述了要从物品中理解历史，由此可推知，文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。主旨大意类——总结段落大意1．做到首尾兼顾，把握好段落的组织顺序，是总分式、分总式、总分总式还是无主题句式。2．说明文和议论文中的主题句常在段首；如果先表述细节，后归纳概括，段落主题句在段尾，常出现在总结性的“信号词”后，如insummary,inaword,inshort,inconclusion等。3．没有明显段落主题句时，需要总结概括。二、读后续写——必备微技能高品素材人物体型1．优美的身段：agracefulfigure2.匀称的身材：ashapelyfigure3．梨形身材：pear－shapedfigure4.身材魁梧的人：awell­builtman5．发育良好的身体：awell­developedfigure6.形体很好：haveagoodfigure7．改善形体：improveone'sfigure8.沙漏型身材：hourglassfigure9．中等身材：anaveragebuild10.苹果型身材：applebodyshape11．宽肩膀：broadshoulders12.浑圆的身体：roundbody13．扁平的身体：flatbody14.肌肉发达的体型：muscularbuild15．啤酒肚：beerbelly16.魔鬼身材：killerbody17．匀称的体型：evenbodyshape18.苗条的体型：slimfigure19．瘦削的体型：lean/skinnybody20.圆滚滚的外貌(多指小孩)：chubbyappearance21．显露出她优美的身段：showoffherlovelyfigure22．仪表堂堂：animposing/adashing/ahandsome/astrikingfigure高效课时作业Ⅰ.阅读A(2025·贵州省黔西南州顶兴高级中学高三月考)FamousPeopleWhoBeginWithDifficultiesOprahWinfreyProbablyhavingoneofthemostfamoussuccessstories,OprahwasbornintoapoorfamilyinMississippi,rsedbyasinglemotherlivingonwelfare.Shewasphysically,andmentallyabusedduringherchildhood.Despiteherinitialstrugglesasayounggirl,sheturnedherselfintooneofthemostsuccessfultalkshowhostsofourtime.JimCarreyJimCarreyhasbeenthestarofsomeofthemostsuccessfulmoviesofalltime.ButCarreygrewupextremelypoorinCanada.Whenhewasateenager,hisfamilytooksecurityjobsinafactorytohelppaythebills.Andduringhisfirststand­upcomedyperformance,hewasbooedoff(喝倒彩)thestage.Notshortlyafter,hemadeitbigonInLivingColorandthenwentontostarinDumb&Dumber,TheMask,andAceVenturainthesameyear!JamesDysonIfyouthoughtThomasEdison'sflureswerebad,letmeintroduceyoutoJamesDyson,thefamousinventoroftheDysonvacuums(真空吸尘器)youseealloverthetelevision.Dysondevelopedover5，000fledprototypes(原型)beforefindingthebaglessvacuumbrand.Notonlythat,heputhisentiresavingsaccountintohisprototypesoverfifteenyears!Luckily,thebaglessvacuumworked.StephenKingBeforeStephenKingbecameknownasagreatlivingwriter—havingwrittenover60novels,manyofwhichhavebeenadaptedforfilmandtelevision—Kingwasrejectedoverandoveragn.Inhismemoir,OnWriting,Kingdescribeshowheusedtoposthisrejectionlettersonthewallforinspiration.Hisfirstnovel,Carrie,wasrejected30times.篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四位在困境中崛起的杰出人物。1．WhatdoOprahandJimhaveincommon?A．Theywereabusedbyparents.B．Theygrewupinpoorfamilies.C．Theywerehiredascomedians.D．Theyfoundjobsinafactory.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据OprahWinfrey部分中的“Oprahwasborninto...onwelfare”及JimCarrey部分中的“ButCarreygrewupextremelypoorinCanada.”可知，Oprah(奥普拉)和Jim(吉姆)都生长在穷苦家庭。故选B。2．WhatdidJamesDysondo?A．Herepredthefledprototypes.B．Hedevelopedover5，000brands.C．Heputalleffortsintomarketing.D．Heinventedthebaglessvacuum.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据JamesDyson部分中的“Dysondevelopedover...baglessvacuumbrand.”可知，JamesDyson(詹姆斯·戴森)成功研发出了无尘袋吸尘器。故选D。3．Whoisanovelist?A．OprahWinfrey. B．StephenKing.C．JamesDyson. D．JimCarrey.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据StephenKing部分中的“BeforeStephenKing...60novels”可知，StephenKing(斯蒂芬·金)是一位小说家。故选B。B(2025·福建省福州金山中学高三月考)OneofChina'sfirstfemalesea­rescuepilotslooksbackinprideat300­plusmissionsandpromisestosavemorelives.Whentheperfectstormbrews(酝酿)overtheboundlessseaandlivesareindanger,acrewofhighlytrnedprofessionalsembarksonamissionimpossibletosearchforandrescuesurvivorsfromtheroughwaters.WanQiuwenisoneofthem.And,she'sawoman.The36­year­oldfromShanghhasbroken__the__glass__ceilingtobecomeoneofChina'sfirsttwofemalerescuehelicopterpilotswhorespondtosearchandrescuemissionsinvolvingcargoshipsnags(货船遇险),vesselaccidents,medicalemergenciesandspecialmarineoperations.Thedemandingnatureoftheprofessionhadalwaysfavoredmalecandidatesuntiltheruleswerechangedforthefirstandonlytime.Shesays,“Rescueatseacanbebothchallengingandterrifying.Ifyoudon'tthinkandactfast,peoplemaydie.”OnAugust20,2020,anoiltankerferrying3，000metrictonsofgasolinecollidedwithacargoshiploadedwithsandandgravelabout1.5nauticalmiles(2，778meters)southeastoftheYangtzeRiverestuary,sparkingafireonthedeckoftheoiltankerandcausingthelattertosink.Wanwasamongthefirstrespondents.SheflewtothesitefromGaodonghelicopterrport,whichisthecountry'sfirst­of­its­kindmarinerescuelaunchpad(发射台).“Thetankerwasstillburningandtherewasathickenvelopeofsmoke,reducingvisibilitytonearzero.”sherecalls.Andyet,withherseawisdom,Wanspottedasurvivorandexecutedasuccessfulrescueoperation.Shehovere