Unit 2 Bridging Cultures基础知识学案 2022-2023学年人教版2019高中英语选择性必修第二册

【人教版2019】选择性必修第二册Unit2BridgingCultures基础知识【课前检查】单句语法填空1.Cheerup!Youneedn'tfeel___________(frustrate)atyourfailureintheexam.2.Officialssaythatfewcitizens___________(infect)withthevirusowingtoeffectivepreventionnow.3.Thesearejustsome___________(proof)thatwecoulddofortheprogram.4.Theseevents___________(severe)affectourenvironmentaswellashumanhealth.5.Carbonemissionsfromhumanactivitiesarepartlytoblame___________ourwarmingplanet.6.Thepolicethinktheremaybealink___________thetwocases.7.Thecountryhastoimportmostofitsraw___________(material).8.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,JohnSnow_________(transform)thewaythatscientistsstudydiseases.9.Icouldtracemyfamilytreeback_________the17thcentury.10.FrankHurley,aconfidentand______(gift)AustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic,washiredtomaketheimages.(全国卷Ⅱ)11.Itrainssohardanditlooks________itwilllastlong.12.I'vejustreadamovingstory.That's________myfaceisbathedintears.13.Youaresayingthateveryonehasalreadyhadequalrights,andthisis________Idisagree.14.Researchersareworkingonmakingaformofmedicinethatcanbetakendirectlyintoone’slungs,____________(decrease)thechanceofsideeffects.15.Thepuzzleofthelibrarianwas________walletitwasandhowtoreturnit.16.IhavetimeswhenIfeel________(frustrate)andwishIcouldgetaway,toanywhere,justhaveachangeofsceneryforaminute!(2020·山东高考模拟卷)17.Theyhelpthebodydefenditselfagainstsomekindsof______(infect).(四川卷)18.HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteaching_______(assist)inclasswhosecreativitywouldinfectotherstudents.(全国卷Ⅱ)19.WiththewidespreaduseoftheInternet，communicationsacrosstheworldhave______(steady)developedovertheyears.(2020·天津5月卷)20.Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalytical______(think),planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage.(2020·浙江7月卷)语法填空StephenHawking,whotried32.______________(explain)someofthemostcomplicatedquestionsoflifewhilehimselfworkingundertheshadowofapoorphysicalcondition,hasdiedattheageof76.Hedied33.______________(peace)athishomeinCambridgeintheearlyhoursofWednesday.TheUK’sPressAssociationreportedhis34.______________(die),citing(引用)aspokesmanforthefamily.“Mr.Hawkingandhiscontributionwillberememberedforever,”ForeignMinistryspokesmanLuKangsaidonWednesday.“Hewasanoutstandingscientistandafighterwhostruggledagainstthediseaseandcontributedgreatly35.______________mankind’sunderstandingofscience”.36.______________(bear)inOxford,Englandon8January,1942,theBritishtheoreticalphysicist37.______________(know)forhisgroundbreakingworkwithblackholesandrelativity,andwastheauthorofseveralpopularsciencebooks,38.______________(include)ABriefHistoryofTime.His39.______________(child),Lucy,RobertandTim,said:“Wearedeeplysaddenedthatourbelovedfatherpassedawaytoday.Hewasagreatscientistand40.______________extraordinaryman,41.______________workandlegacy(遗产)willliveonformanyyears.”Theypraisedhiscourageandpersistenceandsaidhistalentandhumorinspiredpeopleacrosstheworld.【问题查找】单词I.单句词汇填空1.ThehotplayonTVisan_____________（改编）ofashortnovelwrittenbyafamouswriter.2.Theseatslookedratherhard,butinfacttheywerevery_____________（舒服的）tositin.3.Asanoutgoinggirl,shewasalwaysreadyto_____________（参加）intheactivitieshercollegeoffered.4.Hegaveusatwo-hour_____________（陈述）ontheprojectthismorning.5.Thenewlaboratorygivesstudentsachanceto_____________（参与）inthecreativeprocess.6.Hehadbeenintwomindsaswhetherto_____________（涉及）himselfinthatbusiness.7.Somemaystruggleandsufferfromcultureshockwhenlearninghowto______________（表现）innewsurroundings.8.AsIalwaystellmyson,therearenogreatdifficultiesforapersonwhoisbrave,____________（乐观的）,andwillingtoworkhard!9.Theeducationyou_______________（获得）andtheexperiencesyouhavewillchangeyouforthebetter.10.Wehopewecan_________________（合作）evenmorecloselyinthefuture.短语II.单句短语填空1.Please_____________________（大点声）sothatthepeopleatthebackoftheroomcanhearyou.2.Makethenewstudents_____________________（舒适自在）inyourschool.语法—名词性从句Ⅲ.单句语法填空1.Tothisday,thereissomedoubt_________heshothimselforwasmurdered.2.Surprisingly,______beganasnothingimportantinpublicaffairshasgrownintoasocialmovement.3.Whenaskedabout___________inspiredhertoshowsuchkindnesstowardsastranger,shesimplyshruggedandsaid,“Ijusttrytodosomethingnice.”4.He’smoreofatalkerthanadoer.Thisis________heneverfinishesanything.5.Thereason________wedon’ttrusthimis________heoftenlies.【要点精讲】单词1.adaptationn.适应；改编本【原句复现】Althoughsomeforeignstudentsliveincampusaccommodation,XieLeichosetolivewithahostfamily,whocanhelpwithheradaptationtothenewculture.一些外国留学生住在学校宿舍,但谢蕾选择与寄宿家庭一起生活,他们可以帮助她适应新的文化。【归纳拓展】adaptvi.&t.适应(新情况)vt.改编,改写adaptto适应adaptoneselfto…使……适应adaptAforB把A改编为BadaptAfromB把B改编成A即学即练：(1)DisneyhaspickedtheChineseactressLiuYifeitoplayMulaninafilm.The_________（adapt)ofthecartoonmovietellsastoryofthewell-knownChineseheroineHuaMulan.(2)Itwastheculture,ratherthanthelanguage,_______madeithardforhimtoadapt________thenewenvironmentabroad.(3)Thedirectorwasfullyconvincedthatthismovingstory,ifadapted_______afilm,wouldbeahit.(4)Thecatfishis__________(adapt)toawiderangeofwaterconditions.2.comfortn.安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸vt.安慰；抚慰【原句复现】“WhenImisshome，Ifeelcomfortedtohaveasecondfamily，”XieLeisaid.“当我想家的时候，我为有第二个家而感到安慰，”谢蕾说。【归纳拓展】(1)incomfort舒适地；放松地beacomforttosb.对某人来说是个安慰It'sacomforttodosth.做……是令人安慰的事(2)comfortsb.＝givecomforttosb.安慰某人(3)comfortableadj.舒服的；安逸的(4)comfortablyadv.舒适地(5)uncomfortableadj.不舒适的【注意】comfort作“舒适；安慰”讲时，为不可数名词，但作“令人安慰的人或事物”讲时，则是可数名词，前面常出现不定冠词a。类似的还有：success，failure，surprise，joy等；但fun例外，虽然也可指具体的人或事，但它是不可数名词。即学即练：(1)Thesecomfortablechairswillenabletheaudiencetosit________comfortwhilewatchingtheshows.(2)Iwouldliketorentahouseclean,____________(comfort)andaboveall,inaquietplace.(3)Youmayfeelalittle______________(comfort)forafewdaysaftertheoperation.Butdon'tworry.You'llrecoversoon.3.participationn.参加；参与【原句复现】XieLeialsofoundmanycoursesincludedstudents'participationinclassaspartofthefinalresult.谢蕾还发现，很多课程都把学生的课堂参与作为最终成绩的一部分。【归纳拓展】(1)participationin参加；参与(2)participatevi.参加；参与participatein(doing)sth.withsb.与某人一起参加/参与做某事participatewithsb.insth.与某人分担某事(3)participantn.参加者；参与者【注意】participate是不及物动词，常与in构成搭配，同义短语是joinin，takepartin。即学即练：(1)Manycitizens___________intheanti-smokingcampaignandmostofthe__________saidtheir___________wasvoluntary.(2)Theheadmasterencouragedustoparticipate______variousafter-schoolactivitiestoenrichourschoollife.(3)Iwasluckytoenoughtostudythereasanexchangestudent,whichallowedme_________(improve)mylanguageskillsandfindoutmoreaboutthelocalcultureItwasmyactive____________(participate)thathelpedmemakefriendsinaforeigncountry.4.presentationn.报告；陈述；出示；拿出【原句复现】Studentsneedtogenerateideas,offerexamples,applyconcepts,andraisequestions,aswellasgivepresentations.学生需要有自己的想法，提供例子，应用概念，提出问题，以及发表演讲。【归纳拓展】giveapresentationof对……作陈述makeapresentationto为……颁发奖品即学即练：(1)一个15分钟长的短片将会生动地展示一个城市。_____________________________________________(2)我们想送她一件礼物以庆贺她的纪念日。_____________________________________________5.engagevi.参加；参与(活动)vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣)【原句复现】“EngaginginBritishculturehashelped，”shesaid.“融入英国文化很有帮助，”她说。【归纳拓展】engagein(使)从事；参与engageoneselfin正做着，正忙着beengagedby为……所吸引beengagedin从事；正做着；正忙着beengagedto同……订婚即学即练：(1)Herfatherengagedatutor__________(improve)hermaths.(2)Astudyshowsthestudentswhoareengaged______after-schoolactivitiesarehappierthanthosewhoarenot.6.involvevt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加【原句复现】Aswellasstudyinghard，I'vebeeninvolvedinsocialactivities.除了努力学习，我还参加了一些社会活动。【归纳拓展】get/beinvolvedin参与；卷入；与……有关联involvesb.insth.让某人经历，让某人做(尤指令人不快的事)即学即练：(1)Carryingoutresearchonthechimpanzee(黑猩猩）willinvolve________(live)inthejungleforseveralyears.(2)Ourschoolproposesthatstudentsshouldinvolvethemselves_________communityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceofgrowth.(3)Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytoget_________(involve)invariousactivitiesonEarthDay.(4)WhynotcomeandenjoytheatmosphereofourfestivalattheverybeginningofDecember?Your__________(involve)willbewarmlywelcomed.7.behavevt.表现vi.&vt.表现得体；有礼貌【原句复现】Somemaystruggleandsufferfromcultureshockwhenlearninghowtobehaveinnewsurroundings.有些人在新环境中学习如何表现时可能会受到文化冲击。【归纳拓展】(1)behave＋well/badlyto/towardssb.对待某人好/差behaveoneself守规矩；表现得体behaveasif/though...表现得好像……(2)behavioursn.举止；行为；习性即学即练：(1)Tobefair,she_____________(behave)betterthanweexpected.(2)She'sbeen_____________(behave)veryoddlylately.(3)ASurveyon_____________(behave)andPsychologyofResearchWorkamongMedicalUniversityTeachers(4)Honestyisthefoundation_____________(behave)oneselfandstartone'scareer.8.optimisticadj.乐观的【原句复现】AsIalwaystellmyson，therearenogreatdifficultiesforapersonwhoisbrave,optimistic，andwillingtoworkhard!我总是告诉儿子，对于一个勇敢、乐观、愿意努力工作的人来说，没有什么很大的困难！【归纳拓展】becomeoptimistic变得乐观beoptimisticabout对……乐观optimisticallyadv.乐观地，乐天地即学即练：Hisjobishardandhecannotearnmuchmoney.However,heisalawaysoptimistic_______it.Everytimehisbossaskshimtodothisorthat,hemakeshiseffortstodoit___________(optimistic),becauseheisoptimistic_______hisbosswillgivehimariseafterhefinishesallthetaskssuccessfully.9.gainvt.获得；赢得；取得；增加n.好处；增加【原句复现】Theeducationyougainandtheexperiencesyouhavewillchangeyouforthebetter.你获得的教育和你拥有的经验会使你变得更好。【归纳拓展】gain...from/by...从……中受益gainstrength/weight/power/experience增加力气/体重/能力/经验gainindependence(from...)(脱离……)获得独立即学即练：(1)不劳无获。________________________________________________(2)要想精通英语就必须刻苦学习。________________________________________________10.cooperatevi.合作；协作；配合【原句复现】Cooperatingwithpeoplefromdiverseculturalbackgroundshelpsusviewtheworldfromdifferentanglesandthusgivesusmoreinsightintoourownculture.与来自不同文化背景的人合作有助于我们从不同的视角看世界，进而让我们对自己的文化有更深入的了解。【归纳拓展】cooperatewith(sb.)in(sth.)和(某人)合作(某事)cooperateinharmony协调地合作；配合默契即学即练：(1)希望我们今后能更加密切地合作。__________________________________________(2)他说他对警方的调查将全力配合。__________________________________________11.motivatedadj.积极的；主动的【原句复现】Ibecamemoremotivated，andI’malsoalotmoreambitiousnow.我变得更有动力了，我现在也有了更大的野心！【归纳拓展】motivatev.使有动力，激励motivatesb.todosth.激励某人做某事motivationn.动力；积极性；动机；诱因amotivationforsth.做某事的动机即学即练：(1)AftereveryrunningIfeelfitter,happierandmore_______________(motivate)tokeepprogressing.(2)Youcanlearnfromothersandthestorywillmotivateyou___________(move)aheadwithyourplans.(3)Weallhaveplanstoachievesuccessinlife，butwhatwearelackingisthe____________(motivate)thatkeepsusgoingtoputplansintoaction.12.recallvt.&vi.记起；回想起；召回【原句复现】“Iwasveryexcitedbutalsoquitenervous.Ididn’tknowwhattoexpect,”XieLeirecalled.谢蕾回忆说：“我当时很兴奋，但也很紧张。我不知道会发生什么。”【原句复现】recallsth./doing/that/wh...回忆起(做过)某事asIrecall据我回忆recallfrom从某处召回recall...to把……召回某处；使……想起beyondrecall无法回忆；记不起来即学即练：(1)Muchtoourshock,thegroundhasbeenpolluted_____________recall.(2)Eventhemostforgetfulpeoplecanusuallyrecallhow____________(perform)dailyactivities.(3)Thesightthatthechildrenwereplayinggameshappilyrecalledthedaysofchildhood____________me.(4)Morethan3,000cars___________(recall)yesterdaybecauseofabrakeproblem.短语1.speakup大声点说；明确表态【原句复现】Atfirst，XieLeihadnoideawhatsheshouldsay，butwhatsurprisedherwasthatshefoundherselfspeakingupinclassafterjustafewweeks.刚开始，谢蕾不知道该说什么。可没过几周，使她惊奇的是，她发现自己居然能在课堂上大胆发言了。【归纳拓展】speakfor代表……讲话；为……辩护speakone'smind说出心里话speakwell/illof表扬/批评speakof谈起；提到即学即练：(1)ObviouslyIcan'tspeak_____________otherpeople,butcertainlynooneIknowwouldentertaintheidea.(2)读书是我唯一值得一提的爱好。____________________________________________________(3)他勇于说出心里的话。____________________________________________________2.feelathome舒服自在；不拘束【原句复现】Nowhalfwaythroughherexchangeyear，XieLeifeelsmuchmoreathomeintheUK.现在一年的交流时间已经过半，谢蕾感到她在英国的学习和生活自如多了。【归纳拓展】beathome觉得安适；无拘束feel/beathomewithsb.和某人合得来behomefree稳操胜券，遥遥领先seesb.home送某人回家即学即练：(1)让新生们在你们的学校里感到舒适自在。_____________________________________________________(2)那我才真自由了。_____________________________________________________(3)他们互相之间不感到拘束。_____________________________________________________3.forinstance例如，比如【归纳拓展】1.like：像…一样，如同，好像。2.forexample=forinstance：例如，比如。3.suchas：例如，像，象…这样。(1)forexample=forinstance,放在句子中,后接句子,后要打逗号，用来举例说明某一论点或情况,一般只举同类人或物中的"一个"为例.(2)suchas用来列举事物时,一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子.插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间,as后面不可有逗号(3)like也常用来表示举例，可与suchas互换。但suchas用于举例可以分开使用，此时不可与like互换。即学即练：(1)Whatwouldyoudoifyoumetawildanimal-alion,_____________?(2)Somewarm-bloodedanimals,_____________asthecat,thedogorthewolf,donotneedtohibernate.(3)Hehasseveral_____________referencebooks_____________dictionariesandhandbooks.句型1.【原句复现】ItwasthefirsttimethatshehadleftChina.这是她第一次离开中国。句式分析：句中Itwasthefirsttimethat...表示“这是第一次做某事”。that从句常用过去完成时。【归纳拓展】句型结构从句时态意义这是某人第……次做某事过去完成时Itisthefirst(second...)timethat...现在完成时即学即练：(1)那是他们初次见面。_____________________________________________________________________(2)这是第一次她完全的生活在城市里。_______________________________________________________2.【原句复现】Thefirsttimethatshehadtowriteanessay，hertutorexplainedthatshemustacknowledgewhatotherpeoplehadsaidifshecitedtheirideas，butthathemainlywantedtoknowwhatshethought!她第一次写论文时，导师跟她解释说，如果引用别人的观点就一定要注明，不过导师主要是想知道她自己是怎么想的！句式分析：名词性短语thefirsttime(that)在此作连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“第一次……时”。【归纳拓展】(1)thefirsttime用作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……时”，而forthefirsttime是介词短语，意为“第一次”，在句子中作状语。(2)引导时间状语从句的短语或词还有everytime，eachtime，thelasttime，themoment，theminute，immediately，directly等，起从属连词的作用。即学即练：(1)我第一次见到她时，她穿着一条红裙子。_______________________________________________________(2)第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我感觉很糟。_______________________________________________________3.【原句复现】Cooperatingwithpeoplefromdiverseculturalbackgroundshelpsusviewtheworldfromdifferentanglesandthusgivesusmoreinsightintoourownculture.与来自不同文化背景的人合作有助于我们从不同的视角看世界，进而让我们对自己的文化有更深入的了解。句式分析：句中Cooperatingwithpeoplefromdiverseculturalbackgrounds为动词ing形式作主语。【归纳拓展】(1)动词ing形式是一种非谓语形式，其可以在句子中充当除谓语动词以外的多种成分，除了作主语外，还可以作宾语、表语等。(2)动词ing形式作主语时(特别是较长时)，经常可以换用形式主语it的句式。(3)动词ing形式作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。即学即练：(1)做不像说那么容易。________________________________________________________________________(2)眼见为实。________________________________________________________________________________4.【原句复现】Heisstilltooyoungtoknowhowtoactandtalkonsuchoccasions.他还太年轻，不知道如何在这样的场合行动和交谈。该句中使用了too...to...结构，意为“太……而不能……”，too后面跟形容词(或副词)，to后加动词原形。【归纳拓展】即学即练：(1)Theoldgentlemanwastooheavy__________metohelpstandup.(2)Ishouldbeonlytooglad_____________(give)youalltheinformationIcan.(3)他太小，还分不清是非。_____________________________________________________________________5.【原句复现】Nomatterwhichcountryyougoto,youwillendupfeelinglikeanoutsider.不管你去哪个国家，你最终都会觉得自己是个局外人。本句中“nomatter＋which”引导让步状语从句。【归纳拓展】即学即练：(1)Nomatter____________planyouadopt,youwillencounterdifficulties.(2)____________smokesherewillbepunished.6.【原句复现】Atfirst,XieLeihadnoideawhatsheshouldsay，butwhatsurprisedherwasthatshefoundherselfspeakingupinclassafterjustafewweeks.刚开始，谢蕾不知道该说什么，但使她惊奇的是，没过几周，她就能在课堂上大胆发言了。【归纳拓展】“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构形式归纳：※find＋宾语＋过去分词表示被动或完成(现在分词表示主动和正在进行)※find＋it＋形容词/名词＋todo(it是形式宾语，todo是真正的宾语)即学即练：(1)Theoldmanfoundhishometownmuch______________(change).(2)Whenhecametohimself,hefoundhimself______________(lock)intheroom.(3)Hefoundthetextvery______________(interest).(4)Somestudentsfind______________easytounderstandEnglishgrammar.语法——名词性从句一、名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词有三个连词、五个连接代词、四个连接副词。连接词词形词意在从句中所作成分连词that××whether/if是否×连接代词who(ever)(无论)谁(主格)主语、表语、宾语whom(ever)(无论)谁(宾格)表语、宾语whose(ever)(无论)谁的(所有格)定语what(ever)(无论)什么主语、宾语、表语、定语which(ever)(无论)哪个主语、宾语、定语连接副词when(ever)(无论)什么时候状语where(ever)(无论)在哪里状语how(ever)(无论)怎样、多么状语why为什么状语二、名词性从句的辨析（一）主语从句主语从句是指在句中作主语的从句，位置与陈述句的主语相同。1.that引导主语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，仅起连接作用，但不可省略。Thatyouwillwinthemedalseemsunlikely.2.whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面需要用it作形式主语。Whetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldisnotcertainnow.Whethertheworkcanbecompletedontimeisdoubtful.＝Itisdoubtfulwhether/iftheworkcanbecompletedontime.3.若主语部分结构较长，可以使用形式主语it，把真正的主语从句放于后面。Itisannouncedthatourschoolisgoingtostartanactivityof“CrazyEnglish”beforedailymorningexercises.Itisnecessarythatpeopleshouldlearntofacethereality.（二）宾语从句在主从复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句在句中可以作及物动词、介词或一些形容词的宾语。1.that引导宾语从句，既无语法功能，也无词汇意义，常被省略。但多个并列从句出现时，第一个that可以省略，其他的不能省略。Shesaid(that)shewouldcomehereandthatIshouldwaitforhertillMonday.2.if和whether引导宾语从句的区别：①在动词不定式之前只能用whether。②在whether...ornot的固定搭配中，只用whether。③在介词后，只能用whether。④作discuss的宾语时，只能用whether。⑤宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether。3.带复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后面，而用it作形式宾语。4.表示喜欢、憎恶等心理活动的动词后习惯上先加个形式宾语it，再接宾语从句。例如：hate，dislike，love，don'tmind，feellike，appreciate，relyon，counton，seeto等。Wethinkitpossiblethatyoucanfinishtheworktoday.5.宾语从句的否定转移：think，believe，suppose，imagine等动词后的宾语从句中的否定词要转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。Idon'tthinkweneedtowastemuchtimeonit.（三）表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语，出现在连系动词之后，一般结构为“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。1.that在引导表语从句时无词义，在从句中不充当任何成分，仅起连接作用，不可以省略。Thefactremainsthatwearestillnotadvancedenough.2.whether可引导表语从句，但if却通常不用于引导表语从句。HisfirstquestionwaswhetherTomhadarrivedyet.3.引导表语从句的引导词还可用because，asif，asthough，as。Theskyisovercastwithdarkclouds.Itseemsasifitisgoingtorainsoon.（四）同位语从句在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某个名词后面，用来说明前面名词的具体内容。常见的这类名词有：fact，news，hope，truth，idea，suggestion，thought，question，promise，order，problem，belief，word，message，information，proof，announcement，desire，doubt，proposal，advice，possibility等。1.同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句定语从句功能不同对名词加以补充说明与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，起连接作用that不作成分，只起连接作用，不可省略作主语或宾语，起连接作用；并且作从句的宾语时可省略whether/how/what起连接作用，其中whether不作成分，而how和what作成分不引导定语从句其他wh类词作成分；起连接作用；有自己的含义，但与先行词无关作成分；起连接作用；没有自己的含义，但是代替先行词在从句中作成分Jimgottoknowthenewsthatthewholevillagewasingreatdanger.(that引导同位语从句，解释说明thenews的内容)Doyouknowthenews(that/which)Jimtoldme?(that/which引导定语从句，且在从句中作宾语三、it作形式主语或形式宾语的名词性从句(一)主语从句中以it作形式主语的四种常用句型1.It＋不及物动词的适当形式＋从句Itseemsthat...好像是……Ithappenedthat...碰巧……Itfollowsthat...由此可见……Ithasturnedoutthat...结果……2.It＋be＋及物动词的过去分词＋从句Itissaidthat...据说……Itisreportedthat...据报道……Itisbelievedthat...人们认为……Itishopedthat...大家希望……Ithasbeenprovedthat...已证明……3.It＋be＋名词(词组)＋从句Itisafactthat...事实是……Itisgoodnewsthat...……是好消息。Itisaquestionthat...……是个问题。Itiscommonknowledgethat...……是常识。Itisafactthatsmokingisadangertohealth.吸烟危害健康，这是事实。4.It＋be＋形容词＋从句Itisnecessarythat...有必要……Itisclearthat...很清楚……Itis(un)likelythat...很(不太)可能……Itisimportantthat...重要的是……(二)宾语从句中以it作形式宾语的两种常用句型1.带复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后面，而用it作形式宾语。Wethinkitpossiblethatyoucanfinishtheworktoday.我们认为你今天能够完成这项工作。2.表示喜欢、憎恶等心理活动的动词或短语后习惯上先跟一个形式宾语it，再接宾语从句。如：hate、enjoy、dislike、love、don'tmind、feellike、appreciate、relyon、counton、seeto、take(认为)、owe等。【查漏补缺】Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Manypeoplelosttheirjobsbecauseoftheeconomic______________(衰退).2.Computerprogrammingneedssomeonewitha______________(合逻辑的)mind.3.Parentsaresupposedtoteachtheirchildrento______________(表现)properlyinpublic.4.Itisimportantforusto______________(增强)physicalexerciseafterclass.5.Itoccurredtomynephewthathecould______________(抓住)thisopportunitytoaskforhelp.6.Themoneyhegotwouldn’tpaythefouryearsoftuitionandlife______________(费用).7.Manyparentsandcoachesdon’tfocusontheprocessbutonthe______________(效果)ofthematch.8.Thoughbeingasocialfailure，thelittletrampwas______________(乐观的)andalwayskindtoothers.Ⅱ.选词填空engagein,setup,befamiliarwith,beeagerto,speakup,participatein,beusedto,beinvolvedin1.Inordertodrawtheteacher’sattention,theboy_________________expresshimselfinEnglishclass.2.Oneofthebestthemeparksyou_________________isDisneyland.3.Hehasbeenlivinginthesouthforfiveyearsand_________________thesoftclimatethere.4.Lastweekthousandsofpeople_________________theopeningceremony.5.Oneofthebestwaystobuildupyourbodyisto_________________somesportsactivities.6.Hermotherwantsto_________________everyareaofherlife.7.OurEnglishteacheraskedtheshylittlegirlto_________________.8.ForallthreeyearsIhavebeenworkingforothers.I’mhopingI_________________myownbusinesssomeday.Ⅲ.单句语法填空1.MyFairLadyisadapted______________aGreekstoryPygmalionbyGeorgeBernardShaw.2.Thelittleboymadean______________(adapt)tohisnewschoolfinally.3.Humanbeingswillcontinuetoadapt______________thechangingclimate.4.Itisnecessaryforus______________theclimatehereassoonaspossible.5.It'sacomforttome______________(know)thatsheissafe.6.Acupofhotmilkonacoldnightis______________realcomfort.7.AsfarasIknow,hehasbeenanactive______________(participate)inthediscussion.8.Everyoneintheclassisexpectedtoparticipateactively______________thesediscussions.9.Hewas______________(engage)tomysister.Ⅳ.单句写作1.你不一定在第一次尝试的时候就成功。(thefirsttime)____________________________________________________________________________________________2.这是他第三次拜访他朋友的家。(itisthe...timethat)____________________________________________________________________________________________3.通过窗户我们可以看到孩子们在院子里玩耍。(seesb.doing)____________________________________________________________________________________________4.为了对中国文化有更多的了解，对内容的了解是很重要的。(importance)____________________________________________________________________________________________5.我们和汤姆都将去海南度假。(aswellas)____________________________________________________________________________________________Ⅴ.单句语法填空1.Lucycouldn't'recall________happenedfivedaysago.2.IrealizedthatIhadbeentransportedintothefutureof__________wasstillmyhometown.3.However,IlostsightofWangPingwhenwereached___________lookedlikealargemarketbecauseoftoomanycarriagesflyingbyinalldirections.4.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence________theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.5.Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan_______theygo.6.Asnaturalarchitects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly____thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.7.Successpartiallydependson________youhavethepatiencetodosimplethingsperfectly.8.Ilostmycellphoneyesterday.Canyoutellme________Icanbuyone?9.Itneveroccurredtome________youcouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.10.________breaksthelawwillbepunished.Ⅵ.名词性从句句子翻译1.我已经读了这个通知，我们学校广播站需要两名英语播音员。____________________________________________________________________________________________2.谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。____________________________________________________________________________________________3.你通过考试了，真棒。____________________________________________________________________________________________4.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。____________________________________________________________________________________________5.看起来他们会赢得这场比赛。____________________________________________________________________________________________【梳理优化】词汇【词性转化】1.overwhelmingadj.无法抗拒的；巨大的；压倒性的→overwhelminglyadv.压倒性地2.homesicknessn.思乡病；乡愁→homesickadj.思乡的；想家的；患怀乡病的3.motivatevt.激发；激励→motivationn.动力；积极性；动机→motivatedadj.积极的；主动的4.advisev.建议；出主意→advisorn.顾问5.reasonn.原因；理由→reasonableadj.有道理的；合情理的6.expectv.预料；预期→expectationn.期望；预期；期待→expectableadj.可预期的7.applyv.申请；请求→applicantn.申请人8.exposevt.使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于(险境)→exposuren.接触；体验；暴露；揭露9.departv.起程；出发→departuren.离开；启程；出发10.behavevt.表现vi.&vt.表现得体；有礼貌→behavio(u)rn.举止，行为11.sincereadj.真诚的；诚挚的→sincerelyadv.真诚地；诚实地→sincerityn.诚挚；真诚12.strengthn.力量；长处→strengthenvi.&vt.加强；增强；巩固13.logicn.逻辑→logicaladj.合乎逻辑的；合情合理的→logicallyadv.逻辑上；合乎逻辑地14.optimismn.乐观；乐观主义→optimisticadj.乐观的→optimistically乐观地15.cooperatevi.合作；协作；配合→cooperationn.合作；协作；协助；配合16.surroundingadj.周围的；附近的→surroundingsn.[pl.]环境；周围的事物语法——名词性从句【强化巩固】【基础知识练习】Ⅰ.单词拼写效果验证1.Beforeyougetthejob,youneedtoacquireakindof______________(资格).2.Onlyapersonfarawayfromhomeknowswhat______________(乡愁)is.3.Ireaditquitebyaccidentinthelatest______________(版本)ofTheGlobal.4.Theconsumeraskedthebusinessfora______________(合理的)explanationoftheriseinprice.5.Afterall,yourbedislikelyoneofthemost______________(舒适的)spacesinyourhome.6.Thereasonwhywedelayisthatwefindtheworktoo______________(巨大的)forus.7.My_______(雄心)istobeadmittedintoakeyuniversity.Therefore,Idideverythingtoreviewallthesubjects.8.Thepresentsituationisvery___________(复杂的),soIthinkitwilltakemesometimetofigureoutitsreality.Ⅱ.选词填空participatein；speakup；feelathome；engagein；getinvolvedin；adaptto；incomfort；speakof1.Ifyouthoughtthatwasn'tfair,whydidn'tyou________________?2.Manymorefirmsare________________thegrowthofdemandontheworldmarkets.3.He________________aseriousstudyoftheproblemyesterday.4.______________