在职攻硕英语联考模拟试卷102

在职攻硕英语联考模拟试卷102

一、完成对话（本题共5题，每题1.0分，共5分。）

1、SpeakerA:Excuseme,couldyoulellmewheretheentrancetothesubwayis?

SpeakerB:

A、Sorry.I'mnotheretogivedirections.

B、Sure.Youseethatbankdownthereontheleft?Ifsjustafterthebank.

C、Whydon'taskthepolicemanoverthere?Hemustknowitslocationveryclearly.

D、Yes,butIwonderwhereyou'dliketogobysubway.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：A方在向B方问路，B方应给予肯定或否定的回答，A、C项显得很

不礼貌，D项前半部分给予肯定的回答，但后半部分并没有告诉对方地铁入口处的

位置，B项是这一场景下的正确反应。

2、SpeakerA:I'mterriblysorry,butsomethingunexpectedhascomeupandIwon'tbe

abletokeepmyappointmentwithyouthisafternoon.Iwonderifwecouldchangethe

timeofourmeetingtosometimetomorrowmorning.SpeakerB:

A、Thanksfbrcalling.Tilexpectyouatthesametimetomorrowmorning.

B、OK.Let'smeeteachotherlatertoday.

C、Don'tworry.Firstthingsfirst.

D、I'msorry.Iwon'tbefreethewholemorning.Whatabouttomorrowafternoon?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：A方因为临时有事，与B方商量能否改变原先预约见面的时间，需

要B方作出答复。A项前半部分的表达不正确，B项后半部分与A方的建议不一

致，C项不是这一对话场景下的语言表达。D项是这一对话情景下的正确反应。

3、SpeakerA:Cigarette?SpeakerB:

A、Sorry.Idon'thaveanyonme.Whydon'tyouasktheguyoverthere?

B、No,thankyou.Tvegivenupsmoking.Haven'thadonesincelastmonth.

C>Yes.Oh,youactuallyhaveverygoodbrandcigarettes.

D、Youshouldn'taskastrangerfbracigarette.

标准答案：B''

知识点解析：“Cigarette?”意为“要抽烟吗?”A方主动请抽烟，B方应有礼貌地

做出接受或谢绝的答复。A、D项误解了A方的话，C项不符合对话的场景，B项

先是谢绝，然后做出说明，是这一情景下的正确答案。

4、SpeakerA:Doyouthinkyoucouldkeepthenoisedownabit?SpeakerB:

A、Yes,ofcourseIcould.Iwillturnitdownabit.

B>Oh,Ibegyourpardon.Ithinkso.

C^Yes,sorry.AmIdisturbingyou?

D^Sorry!HaveIbeenkeepingyouawake?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：A方显然在抱怨B方声音开得太大，B方应表示歉意。D项符合这一

对话场景，其他几项都不恰当。

5、SpeakerA:CanIopenacheckingaccounthere?SpeakerB:

A^MayIaskwhyyouwanttoopenacheckingaccount?

B>I*mverysorry,butitsnotmybusiness.

C^Byallmeans.Butyouhavetodepositenoughmoneybeforeyoucanwriteoutyour

checks.

D、IfIwereyou,Iwouldopenacurrentaccount.

标准答案：c

知识点。析：A方问B方能否在这里开个支票户头，可以推知，对话的场所是银

行，故应从银行工作人员为A方提供服务这方面寻找信息，所以正确答案应为C

项。A项显得很不礼貌,

二、对话理解（本题共5题，每题7.0分，共5分。）

6、Man:Thoughwedidn'twinthegame,weweresatisfiedwithourperformance.

Woman:Youdidagreatjob,youalmostbeattheworldchampions.Ifsarealsurpriseto

manypeople.Question:Whatdowelearnfromthisconversation?

A、Theybothenjoyedwatchingthegame.

B>Themanthoughttheresultswerebeyondtheirexpectations.

C、Theybothfeltgoodabouttheresultsofthegame.

D^Peopleweresurprisedattheirwiningthegame.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：男方表示虽然没有获胜，但他对他们球队的表现非常满意，女方也说

男方的球队打得很棒，几乎打败了世界冠军，可见双方都对球队的表现满意，因此

C是正确答案。

7、Woman:Idon'tthinkweshouldhavetoldTomaboutthesurprisepartyfbrLucy.

Man:It'sallright.Hepromisednottotell,andhedoesn'tmakepromiseslightly.

Question:Whatdoesthemanmean?

A、TomhasarrangedasurprisepartyforLucy.

B、Tomwillkeepthesurprisepartyasecret.

C>TomandLucyhavenosecretsfromeachother.

D、Tomdidn'tmakeanypromisetoLucy.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：男方说Tom答应过不告诉别人，而且Tom不轻易许诺，言下之意

Tom会保密的，这与B的内容一致。

8、Man:Howdidyoulikethenewexhibitattheartgallery?Woman:Istillhaven'tbeen

abletotakeanytimeofffromstudying.Question:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

A^Shepreferstheartistsshehasstudied.

BNShehopestheywilltakesomeofthepaintingsaway.

C、Shehasn'tgonetoseetheexhibityet.

D、Shedoesn'twanttodescribetheexhibit.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：男方问女方是否喜欢在美术馆举行的新展览，女方说她还没从学习中

抽出时间来呢，言下之意她还没空去看呢。这与C的内容一致。

9、Woman:Henry,yourarticleinthecampusnewswasexcellent.Man:Ionlywishthey

hadpublishedtheentirething.Question:WhatdowelearnfromHenry'sresponse?

A、Thearticlewasactuallylonger.

B、Hispublishingcareerhasjustbegun,

C、Thenewspaperhasprintedhisotherarticles.

D^Thearticleisaboutsports.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：男方话中用的是虚拟语气。Iwish后面的部分应从反意来理解，即：

Theydidn"publishtheentirething（他们并未发表全文），这也就是A的内容

10、Woman:Iamtryingtofindouthowthisdishwasherworks.Themanualisin

French.Ican'twaitfbrBilltotranslateitforme.Man:Don'tworry,Mary.Icandothe

dishesbeforethemachinestartstowork.Question:Whatdoesthemanmean?

A^HewilltellMaryhowtooperatethedishwasher.

B、Hewillwashthedisheshimselfinstead.

C、HewillhelpBilltotranslatethemanual.

D^Hehimselfwilloperatethedishwasher.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：女方说她急着让Bill把洗碗机的使用说明翻译一卜，男方说在机器开

始使用前他会洗碗的，这与B的内容一致，所以B为正确答案。

三、词汇和语法结构（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共

20分。）

11、Whencatchinganairplane,you'dbetterbeearlier,andthereforeyoucanavoidthe

frustrationofarrivingattheverymomentwhentheplaneistakingoffandunable

togetonit.

A、be

B、are

C>being

D、were

知识点解析:nevertheless副词“不过”,表示让步，与although,ihough对应使用。

如本句：”虽然社会的文化模式对孩子早期在家庭中的成长有影响，不过那不是唯

一的因素。“yet一般放在句首。

16、Aman'sshoppingcanbeandofteniscompletedinfiveminutes,whichisonlyless

thanaquarter.

A、ofawoman's

B、thatofawoman's

C、ofthatofawoman

D^ofawoman

标准答案：B

知识点解析：thatofawoman's相当于：...(lessthanaquarter)thetimeofawoman's

shoppingtime。

17、Supposeyoutriedtolifta100-poundrocktwofeet,youmoreworkthanif

youitonefeet.

A^woulddo...lifted

B、did…lifted

C、willdo...willlift

D、woulddo...willlift

标准答案：A

知识点解析：这是一个虚拟条件句，由suppose引起。考生如果注意到tried是过去

时形式，就不难选A项了，因为与现在事实相反的表达是，从句....did...,

主句....woulddo...o句意是：“如果你要把重100磅的石头抬高两英尺，那

么你做的功要比抬高一英尺做的功多。”

18、Thefirebrigadearrivedtwohourslaterafterthealarmwassounded,itwas

toolatetosavemuchofthebuilding.

A^then

B、when

C、which

D、though

标准答案：B

知识点解析：题中要求加进一个具有连接作用的词，将前后两个句子连起来，所以

首先排除then；分析前后两个句子之间的关系得知，though也是不对的，因为此处

显然不是转折关系；which,when引导非限制性定语从句，故接下来关键是要找出

哪个词是先行词，很明显是twohourslater,所以应该选when,表示时间“这时”。

19、Thefirmshouldmakeasubstantialprofitsatisfactorylaborrelationsare

maintained.

A、incase

B、withthepurposethat

C、providedthat

D、evenif

标准答案：C

知识点解析：四个选项都是起从属连词作用的词或短语，因此答题的关键是分析前

后两个句子的逻辑关系。incase和withthepurposethat引导目的状语从句；evenif

引导让步从句；而providedthat引导条件从句，正好符合该句句意。

20、Whenthemancamein,carryingthemachinegun.mostofuslookedupinsurprise,

becauseweanythinglikeitbefore.

A、haveneverseen

neversaw

C、didn'tsee

D、hadneverseen

标准答案：D

知识点解析：应选过去完成时，因为“（在我们看见那个拿机关枪的人）以前我们从

未见过这种情况。”到过去某一时间为止的动作要用过去完成时。

21、ItwasrecentlyreportedthataJapanesebankerwhohadbeeninseriousfinancial

troublesuicideinamomentofwikidespair.

A、performed

B、committed

C>executed

D、terminated

标准答案：B

知识点解析：此题考固定搭配。与suicide连用表示自杀的只能是动词

commit“犯；干”；perform"执行，履行；表演"；execute"执行，实行；完成”；

terminate"使停止，使结束,使终止

22>Hewasonthepointofslippingdowntheslopewhenheheardsomeoneshoutingto

himtotherope.

A、hangon

B、hangup

C、hangabout

D、hangaround

标准答案：A

知识点解析：hangon“紧握着不撒手；坚持下去“；hang叩”（电话）挂断”；hang

about”闲逛；聚在...附近“；hangaround=hangabout0

23、ItseemstomethattheAmericansareahighlypeople.Mostofthemliketo

travelwhenevertheygetthechance.

A、civilized

B、luxury

C>ambitious

D、mobile

标准答案：D

知识点解析：civilized“文明的"；luxury“奢侈的；豪华的"；ambitious“有雄心的，

有抱负的；热望的“；mobile"流动的；运动的”，根据题意Mostofthemliketo

travelwhenevertheygetihechance,应选Do

24、Largeamountsoffoodimportsplacedagreatslra」】（沉重负担）onthecountry?s

gold

A^storage

B、deposit

C>reservation

D、reserve

标准答案：D

知识点解析：reserve”储备，储备品,储备金”，如：areserveoffood“存粮"，the

bank'sreserves”银行的储备金“，thegoldreserve“黄金储备”，可见此题应选D；

storage"（货物的）储存，储藏"，如：putone'sfurnitureinstorage”把家具存放起来”,

keepfishincoldstorage“冷藏鱼”：deposit”存款；定金"，如：Theshopkeeper

promisedtokeepthegoodsformeifIleftadeposit.店主答应，如果我付一点定金,

他就可将货物替我保留下来。reservation”保留；预定”。

25Theapplesweredividedaccordingtotheageandsizeofthechildren.

A、equally

approximately

C^proportionately

D、sufficiently

标准答案：C

知识点解析：equal"相等的，平等的”;approximate”大致的,近似的“；

proportionate“成比例的，相称的“；sufficient”充分的，足够的”，根据题意“按照孩

子的不同年龄和大小“，所以应是相应地、成比例地分苹果，因此应选C。

26、Hehasaverysmallroomandmostofthespaceisbyagrandpiano.

A、takenup

B、coveredup

C^heldup

D、keptup

标准答案：A

知识点解析：takeup"占据（空间、时间等广；coverup"掩盖,遮盖”;holdup"延

误，耽搁''；ke叩叩“继续下去，坚持”，根据题意指钢琴占据了空间，所以应选

Ao

27、I'dliketoyourattentiontoanaspectoftheproblemwhichyouappearto

haveoverlooked.

A、drag

B>draw

C^pay

D^concentrate

标准答案：B

知识点解析：drag”拖拽，拖拉”指水平上的或斜面上的运动，它指作用于粗糙的地

面或克服摩擦力，阻力或重力而费的力；draw“拖，拉”；“引起，吸引”，它可以与

attention连用，表示“引起某人注意“；pay和concentrate都可以和attention连用，

表示“注意；专心”，但它们在此不合题意。

28、Itwasaboldideatobuildapowerstationinthedeepvalley,butitaswellas

wchadhoped.

A、cameoff

B、wentoff

C、broughtout

D、madeout.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：comeofT（指计划,企图，方法等）成功；起作用，奏效"，如:The

weddingcameoffasplanned.婚礼按计划举行/。Whendoestheconcertcomeoff?

音乐会什么时候举行?goof『离开；爆炸；发射；动身”这些含义都不符合题意；

bringout”出版（新书，唱片等）；显露出（才华）；使出现“，此词组作及物动词用，用

在此句中不合适；makeout”辨认；理解；证明；填写”，也作及物动词用，所以它

也不符合语法规则。

29Weallknowthateveryculturehasitsownidealofbehavior,andtheUnitedStates

isno

A、expectation

B、exclusion

C、expectancy

D、exception

标准答案：D

知识点解析：expectation"期待，指望，展望“和expectancy“期望，期待”是近义

词，意思是等待某事发生，不同的是expectancy一般用来表示一种热切期待吨状

态，如：Shewaitedforherboyfriendinastateofhappyexpectancy.她满怀幸福地期

待着男友的到来。另外expeclancy还常用在词组lifeexpectancy“预期寿命”中，可

以看出这两个词的含义都不合题意；exclusion”排斥，排除在外”，常用搭配有t。

theexclusionof1'排斥（排除）“，如:Hestudiedhistoryattheuniversity,tothe

exclusionofallothersubjects.他在学校里专攻历史，不学其他科目。exception“例

外，如：Youmustallbehereat8a.m.,wecanmakenoexceptions.你们大家必

须上午8点钟到达此地，任何人不得例外。可见此词最合题意，表示“美国也不例

外

30、Theultimateaimofthisartschoolistofullybringouttheartisticinthe

children.

A^potentials

B、possibility

C、probability

D、personality

标准答案：A

知识点解析:potential”潜力,潜能“；possibility和probability都是指事物发生的可

能性，不能指人的内在潜能，所以应排除：personality“人格；个性”，此词不能与

词组bringout“发挥”相搭配，所以也应排除。

四、阅读理解（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

OncolddaysinDelhi,thepoorlightbonfires（篝火）oftyres,treesandragswhosefumes

mixwiththeexhaustfromthecity's2millionvehiclestoformathicksmog.Onmost

daysinMexicoCity,ablanketofpollutioncutsoffviewsofthesurroundingmountains.

OnonefamousoccasionitgotsobadthatbirdsfelldeadoutoftheskyontotheZocalo,

thecity'smainsquare.Throughoutthedevelopingworld,smogsinmanybigcitiesare

gettingworseasmorepeopleusecarsandmoremanufacturingfirmsarebelchingout（喷

出）pollution.Congestionisontherise,too-accordingtooneestimate,acarinBangkok

nowspendstheequivalentof40daysayearstuckintraffic.TheairinAsia'scities,like

thewaterinitsrivers,isparticularlyunhealthy,containinglevelsofdustandsmoke

severaltimeshigherthanintherichcountries'cities.Environmentalistsinthedeveloped

worldalsoworryaboutairpollutioninpoorercountries,notjustoutofthegoodnessof

theirheartsbutbecausetheyfearitmayaffecttheirownbackyard.Carbon-dioxide

emissions,thoughttobethecauseofglobalwarming,arcgrowingparticularlyfastin

developingcountries.Soareemissionsofsulphurdioxide,blamedforacidrain,which

sometimesfallshundredsofmilesfromthesourceofthepollution.Buttheharmthatair

pollutioncausesinthedevelopingcountriesthemselvesismuchmoreseriousand

immediate.Thebiggestconcernareindoorairpollution,leademissionsandsmall

particles.Indoorpollutioninpoorcountriesisnotmuchtalkedabout,butitisoftenas

damagingtohealthassmokingcigarettes.Aroundathirdofallenergyconsumedin

developingcountriescomesfromwood,cropresiduesanddung,whicharcoftenburntin

poorlydesignedstoveswithinill-venlilated（通风很差的）huts.Studiesofwomenin

IndiaandNepalexposedtosmokefromsuchfuelsshowthattheirdeathratesfrom

chronicrespiratorydiseasearesimilartothoseofheavysmokers.Leadhaslongbeen

knowntobedangerousinlargedoses.Butonlysincethe1970shavescientistsbeen

awarethatrelativelysmallquantitiesofleadinthebloodstreamcanbeharmfulto

humans.Inparticular,manystudiesshowacorrelationbetweenlevelsofleadin

children'sbloodandlowerIQscores,hearinglossandhyperactivity（活动过度）.Buithe

kindofairpollutionthoughttocausethemostdamagetohumanhealthindeveloping

countriesisthatfromsmallparticles.Causedbyvehicleexhausts,coal-burningsmoke

fromfactoriesandduststirredupbyvehicles,theseparticleseasilyfindtheirwayinto

people'slungs.Studiestheworldoverhaveshownastrongpositivecorrelationbetween

smallparticlesintheairanddeathrates.

31、Thefirstparagraphisengagedin.

A>describingseveralworldfamouscitiesindevelopingcountries

illustratingtheseriousnessofenvironmentalproblemsindevelopingcountries

C、drawingapictureabouttheseriouslypollutedfutureworld

D、comparingthepollutionproblemsindevelopedanddevelopingcountries

标准答案：B

知识点解析：段落理解题。第一段描述了几个发展中国家城市的空气状况，并以它

们为例形象、具体地阐明发展中国家严重的空气污染问题。故B是正确答案。

32、Environmentalistsinthedevelopedcountriesalsoworryaboutairpollutionin

poorercountriesbecause.

A^theyareverykind-heartedandcaremuchaboutthepeoplethere

B、theyareafraidthatmorepeoplewillimmigrateintotheircountries

C、theyknowthatgovernmentstherearenottakingeffectivemeasurestodealwiththe

problem

D、theyfearthatthepollutiontheremaycauseharmtotheirowncountries

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。发达国家的环境学家也担心贫穷国家的环境问题，不只是出

于他们心地善良，而是由于他们害怕自己的后院也会受到影响，也就是说他们害怕

发展中国家的空气污染问题会引起全球变暖和酸雨，而这自然会影响到他们自己的

国家。因此D是正确答案。

33、Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutindoorpollutionindevelopingcountriesis

NOTtrue?

A、Itisasdamagingassmokingcigarettes.

B、Itisoftencausedbyburningfuelsinpoorlydesignedstoves.

C>Itismainlycausedbysmokinginsidetheill-ventilatedhuts.

D、Itisabletoleadtochronicrespiratorydiseases.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：是非题。文章第三段中指出，发展中国家的室内空气污染对健康的危

害通常与抽烟一样，故A是对的。由于发展中国家三分之一的燃料是木头、庄稼

秸秆和粪肥，而且通常是在设计简陋的炉子和通风很差的木屋中燃烧，因此可推

知，室内空气污染主要是因此产生的，而不是由于在室内抽烟的缘故。所以，C与

原文意思不符，是本题正确选项。

34、Thekindofairpollutionthatismostharmfultohealthiscausedby.

A、leademissions

B、carbon-dioxideemissions

C、sulphurdioxideemissions

D、smallparticles

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。眼据最后一段，对身体健康危害最大的空气污染是产生自微

小颗粒（smallparticles）o故D是正确答案。

35、Smallparticlesmainlydamage.

A、lungs

B>eyes

C、bloodstream

D、heart

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。艰据文章倒数第二句，微小颗粒很容易进入人体肺部，因此

它主要损害肺。故A是正确答案。

Americansusuallyconsiderthemselvesafriendlypeople.Theirfriendships,however,

tendtobeshorterandmorecasualthanfriendshipsamongpeoplefromothercultures.It

isnotuncommonfbrAmericanstohaveonlyoneclosefriendduringtheirlifetime,and

considerother"friends"tobejustsocialacquaintances.Thisattitudeprobablyhas

somethingtodowithAmericanmobilityandthefactthatAmericansdonotliketobe

dependentonotherpeople.Theytendto"compartmentalize”（戈i1分）friendships,having

"triendsatwork","friendsonthesoftballteam","familyfriends",etc.Becausethe

UnitedStatesisahighlyactivesociety,fullofmovementandchange,peoplealways

seemtobeonthego.Inthishighlychargedatmosphere,Americanscansometimesseem

brusque（无礼的）orimpatient.Theywanttogettoknowyouasquicklyaspossibleand

thenmoveontosomethingelse.Sometimes,earlyon,theywillaskyouquestionsthat

youmayfeelareverypersonal.Noinsultisintended;thequestionsusuallygrowoutof

theirgenuineinterestorcuriosity,andtheirimpatiencetogettotheheartofthematter.

Andthesamegoesforyou.IfyoudonotunderstandcertainAmericanbehaviororyou

wanttoknowmoreaboutthem,donothesitatetoaskthemquestionsaboutthemselves.

Americansareusuallyeagertoexplainallabouttheircountryoranything"American"in

whichyoumaybeinterested.Somuchsoinfactthatyoumaybecometiredoflistening.

Itdoesn'tmatter,becauseAmericanstendtobeuncomfortablewithsilenceduringa

conversation.Theywouldrathertalkabouttheweatherorthelatestsportsscores,fbr

example,thandealwithsilence.Ontheotherhand,don'texpectAmericanstobe

knowledgeableaboutinternationalgeographyorworldaffairs,unlessthosesubjects

directlyinvolvetheUnitedStates.BecausetheUnitedStatesisnotsurroundedbyother

nations,someAmericanstendtoignoretherestoftheworld.

36、Thegeneraltopicofthepassageis.

A、Americansociety

B、Americanculture

C、Amencans,personality

D、Americans'activities

标准答案：c

知识点诵析：主旨题。正确选项必须能概括全文的主要观点。文章共有三段，每一

段的段首句即是该段的中心思想，所以将三段内容合起来便可得出全文的主题。第

一段：美国人认为自己是一个友好的民族，主要讲美国人的友谊观；第二段：美国

人似乎永远都在变动、忙碌；第三段：别指望美国人会对世界地理、国际事务了解

多少。由此可知，C“美国人的性格”为此题正确答案。

37、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A、FriendshipsamongAmericanstendtobecasual.

B、Americansdonotliketodependonotherpeople.

C、Americansalwaysseemtobeonthego.

D、Americansknowalotaboutinternationalaffairs.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：是非题。本题要求选出与文章内容不符的选项。D的意思是：美国人

对国际事务了解很多，正好与文章最后一段的意思相反，所以是本题正确答案。

38、Thephrase"highlycharged"(Para.2)mostprobablymeans.

A^highlyresponsible

B、extremelyfree

C、fullofmobilityandchange

D、verycheerful

标准答案：C

知识点解析：词汇题。可根据上下文来推断。在前一句中说，美国是一个高度活跃

的社会，充满活力和变叱，人们似乎总是在变动、忙碌。紧接着，highlycharged

修饰atmosphere”在这样一种气氛中”，所以highlycharged可用前文的fullof

mobilityandchange来解释。

39、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A、Americans,characterisaffectedbytheirsocialandgeographicalenvironment

B、Americanswanttoparticipateinallkindsofactivities

C、curiosityischaracteristicofAmericans

D、Americansdonotknowhowtodealwithsilence

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推断题。作者在文章中谈到美国社会是一个高度变动的社会，因此影

响了美国人也在不停地变化。最后一段乂提到美国的地理位置，其没有被其他邻国

包围，所以也导致了美国人性格方面的特点，即对世界上的其他国家不了解、不关

心。所以A与此相符合。

40Accordingtothepassage,Americanstendtoignoretherestoftheworld

because.

A、theyaretoopioudofdicmselves

theyarenotinterestedinothercountries

C、theyaretoobusytolearnaboutothercountries

D、theircountrydoesnoihavemanyneighboringnations

标准答案：D'

知识点解析：细节题。文章最后一句话说，美国没有很多邻国，所以美国人倾向于

忽视世界上其他地方。因此D是本题正确答案。

Immigrantsareconsumersaswellasproducers,sotheycreatejobsaswellastaking

them.Andtheworktheydoneednotbeattheexpenseofnativeworkers.Immigrants

oftenholdjobsthatnativesareunwillingtoacceptatanyfeasiblewage.Also,

immigrantssometimeshelptokeepindustriesviable（能存活的）thatwouldotherwise

disappearaltogether,causingemploymenttofall.Thiswastheconclusionofastudyof

theLosAngelesgarmentindustryinthe1970sand1980s.Andwhenimmigrants

workingforlowwagesdoputdownwardpressureonnatives'wages,theymayraisethe

（real）wagesofnativesingeneralbykeepingpriceslov/erthantheyotherwisewouldbe.

Intheory,then,theneteffectofimmigrationonnativewagesisuncertain.Unfortunately,

mostoftheempirical（经验主义的）researchonwhetherimmigrantsmakenativesworse

offinpracticeisalsoinconclusiveexcepttheeffect,onewayortheother,seemssmall.

MostofthisresearchhasbeendoneinAmerica:iftherewereanymarkedinfluenceon

wages,thatiswhereyouwouldexpecttofindit,giventhescaleofimmigrationandthe

tendencyofthenewcomerstoconcentrateincertainareas.Butmoststudieshave

comparedwagesandemploymentinareaswithmanyimmigrantstowagesand

employmentinareaswithfew.Forinstance,oneexaminedtheimpactofsuddenand

notoriousinflowofrefugeestoMiamifromtheCubanportofMarielin1980.Withinthe

spaceofafewmonths,125000peoplehadarrived,increasingMiami'slaborforceby

7%.Yetthestudyconcludedthatwagesandemploymentamongthecity'snatives,

includingtheunskilled,werevirtuallyunaffected.Anotherstudyexaminedtheeffectof

immigrationonwagesandemploymentofthoseatthebottomofthejobsladder一

unskilledblacksandHispanics.Itfoundthatadoublingoftherateofimmigrationhadno

detectableeffectonnatives.Themostrecentwork,admittedly,hastendedtoquestion

thesefindings.Usingmoredetailedstatisticsandmoresophisticatedmethodsthanthe

earlierstudies,thisworkhastendedtofindthatimmigrants'wagestakelongertoriseto

thelevelofthenatives'wagesthanhasbeensupposed.Thisimpliesamorepersistent

downwardpressureonthehosteconomy'slabormarket.Typicallythesestudiesfindthat

iininigraliuiidoesdepressunskillednatives'wagesloasmallexlenl.Buinearlyall

economistswouldagreethattheeffectsofimmigrationareinsignificantinrelationto

otherinfluences.

41、Accordingtothepassage,immigrationwillnotthreatennatives,benefits

because.

A、theyonlytakejobscreatedbyimmigrants

B、theyoftenholdjobsthatnativesdon'taccept

C^theydonotputdownwardpressureonnatives'wages

D、theyarcunemployedmostofthetime

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。艰据第一段最后一句，移民通常接受本国工人以任何工资都

不愿意干的工作。因此B是正确答案。

42、AccordingtotheLosAngelesstudy,immigrants.

A^sometimeshelptomaintaintheexistenceofsomeindustries

B>sometimescauseemploymenttofall

C>maylowerthewagesofnativesingeneral

D^mayhelppromoteinflation

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。艰据文章第二段，洛杉矶的调查结论是移民有时会有助于维

持某些产业的存在，否则这些产业会消失，导致就业下降。乂说，由于移民使得价

格总体上降低，可能会提高本国工人的实际工资，因此不会导致通货膨胀。所以只

有A符合。

43、Itiscertain,accordingtoempiricalresearch,that.

A、immigrationhasapositiveeffectonnativewages

B、immigrationmakesunskilledblacksandHispanicsworseoff

C>immigrationhasonlyasmalleffectonnativewages

D、immigrationhasamarkedinfluenceonnativesinareaswithdenseimmigrant

population

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。第三段开头讲，大多数关于移民是否会导致本国工资降低的

经验主义研究都没有明确结论，除了有一点之外是明确的，那就是：移民对本国工

资的影响是很小的。所以C是正确的。

44、Accordingtothemostrecentstudy,.

A、immigrationonlydepressesunskillednatives5wagestoalargeextent

B、immigrationputsalongerdownwardpressureonthenatives'wages

C、immigrants'wagescanrisetothelevelofnatives'veryquickly

D、immigrantstendtobeinunemploymentforalongtime

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。限据第四段，最近的一项研究发现移民的工资需要比预计的

时间更长的时间才能升至本国工人的工资水平，这意味着他们对东道国的劳动力市

场产生更为持久的下压力。所以B是正确的。

45、Thepassageisintendedtoconveythattheeffectofimmigrationonnatives*wages

is.

A、uncertain

B、persistent

C、inconclusive

D、insignificant

标准答案：D

知识点解析：综合理解题。文章主要探讨移民是否会影响本国工人的工资，作者引

用调查研究的结果、举例等，目的就是在于说明移民对本国工人的工资的影响相对

于其他因素的影响是很小的。所以D是正确答案。

Japan'soldimperialarmyneverwentintothefieldwithoutagroupof"comfortwomen"

forthetroops.ManymaleofficeworkersinmodemJapan(andinJapanesebranches

abroad）seemtothinktheyarestillatwar.Womenworkers,eventhosewithuniversity

degrees,arcexpectedtodoallthehumbletasks;greetthevisitors,makethetea,tidyup

theofficeafterwardsandthenleavethefirmassoonastheygetmarriedandhaveachild.

Comepartytime,theyareoftenpressedintobehavinglikebarhostesses.Thefortof

Japanesemalechauvinism-theoldguardoftherulingLiberalDemocraticParty—has

unintentionallydonemorethanmosttochangeallthat.Thesexscandalthatmarkedthe

briefprimeministershipofMr.SosukeUnolastsummeroutragedmanywomen,and

helpedtheoppositiontoitssuccessintheupper-houseelectioninJuly.Mr.Unois

forgotten,buttheresentment（怨恨）ofwomenabouttheirtreatmentatthehandsofmen

lingers（逗留）on.OverthepastfewmonthsJapanesewomenhavestartedcampaigning

muchmorevigorouslyforlawstoprotectthemfromsexualbotheringatwork.Japan's

firstlawsuitclaimingsexualbotheringopenedlastweekinacitycourtinFukuoka.A32-

year-oldwoman,whosenamehasbeenkeptfrombeingknown（anotherfirst）,isseeking

about$26000indamagesfromherformerbossandthepublishingcompanysheworked

for.Sheclaimshissexualhintsforcedhertoleavethecompanyandgiveuphercareer.

Shestakesherclaimontheground,amongothers,thatherrightsunderArticle14ofthe

JapaneseConstitutionwereviolated;thisguaranteesequaltreatmentforthesexes.

Women'slobbyinggroupshavebeenspringingupalloverJapan.Theleadhasbeentaken

bylawyersattheSecondBarAssociationinTokyo.Lastmonththeassociationhelda

call-inforwomentoexposetheirgrievances.Itstelephonelineswerejammedforsix

hours.Bytheendofthesession,some137formalcomplaintshadbeenregistered.

"Nearly40%ofthemwerefromwomenwhohadbeencompelledtohavesexual

relationswiththeirsuperiorsatwork,"saysMissShizukoSugii,alawyerwiththebar

association.Tenofthecaseshavesincebeenclassifiedasrapeorattemptedrape.

46Thispassagemainlytalksaboutthingsin.

A、oldimperialJapan

B、war-timeJapan

C、modernJapan

D、futureJapan

标准答案：C

知识点解析：综合理解题。通读全文可知整篇文章的每一段，谈的都是当今日本的

情况。所以C是本题正确答案。

47、Women'ssocialpositioninJapantodayis.

A^verylow

B、comparativelyhigh

C^highenough

D^ashighasthatofJapanesemen

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。文章第一段第三句和第四句指出，女职员，即使具有大学学

历，也被期望做各种各样卑下的活：接待来访者、泡茶、整理办公室，结婚生子后

就马上离开公司。由此可以判断A为正确答案。

48、OneofthereasonsfbrMr.SosukeUno'sbeingsqueezedoutoftheupper-house

electioninJulyis

A^malechauvinism（沙文主义）

B、sexscandal

C、badeconomicpolicy

D、resentmentofcitizens

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。文章第二段第二句提到，上个月标志着Mr.Sosuke短

暂首相任期的性丑闻激怒了许多妇女。因此，应该选B。

49、WhatisArticle14oftheJapaneseConstitution?

A、MenshouldenjoyjusttreatmentinJapan.

WomenshouldenjoyjusttreatmentinJapan.

C>Women'srightsshouldbeguaranteedinJapan.

D^BothsexesshouldbetreatedequallyinJapan.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。文章第三段最后一句即是对日本宪法第14条的解释：该宪

法保证平等对待两性。D符合这个意思，是正确答案。

50、Accordingtotheauthor,fbrallJapanesewomen'slobbyingefforts,

A、Japanesemalechauvinismistobebroughtundercontrolsoon

B、littleresulthasbeenachieved

C、thelawtakesnonoticeoftheirrightsatall

D、manyJapanesefemalevictimshavebeencompensatedforthedamage

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细