英语-2024届新高三开学摸底考试题

试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页高三开学考试英语（考试时间：100分钟，试卷满分：120分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AExploringWildlifeConservationinKenyaDay1:Nairobi,KenyaArriveattheairportinNairobi,whereourstaffwillbeonhandtodriveyoutothehotel.Enjoytherestofthedayatleisure.Accommodation:TamarindTreeHotelDay2:LewaWildlifeConservancyAcharterflight(包机)bringsustoLewaWildlifeConservancy,a62,000-acregrasslandonthenorthofMountKenya.Consideredamodelintheconservationfield,thishealthywildlifehabitatishometoanumberofrarespecies,includingthegiraffe,theGrevy'szebra,andAfricanwilddogs.LewaandtheneighboringBoranaConservancyalsoharborroughly15percentofKenya'sentirerhinopopulation.Accommodation:ElewanaLewaSafariCampDay3:AmboseliNationalParkFlybyprivatechartertoAmboseliNationalPark,wherevastgrasslandsareirrigatedbyundergroundrunoffstreamsfromMountKilimanjaro.Theselandscapesprovideahabitatforhundredsofelephants,makingtheparkoneofthebestplacesinAfricatospottheselargecreatures.ThetravelbeginsonthedrivetoTortilisCamp,setwithinviewofMountKilimanjaro.Accommodation:TortilisCampDay4:MasaiMaraNationalReserveAtfirstlight,headouttotracktheanimalsthatcrossedtheareaduringthenight.Thisareahasoneofthehighestconcentrationsoflargepredators(捕食性动物)inallofAfrica.ThenwatchlargegroupsofhipposintheMaraRiverandcrocodilessunbathingontheshore.Accommodation:KichwaTemboCamp21.OnwhichdaywillyouvisitLewaWildlifeConservancy?A.Day1. B.Day2. C.Day3. D.Day4.22.WhichisthebestplacetowatchAfricanelephants?A.TamarindTreeHotel. B.KichwaTemboCamp.C.AmboseliNationalPark. D.BoranaConservancy.23.WhatisspecialaboutMasaiMaraNationalReserve?A.Itprovidesthebestsunbath. B.ItfeaturestheGrevy'szebra.C.Itislocatednearanairport. D.Itishometolargepredators.BIhavealwayslovedtheArthurianlegend(传奇),asthereissomethingquitespecialaboutKingArthur,andofcourseMerlin,myfavouritecharacterfromthestories.DeathofanEmpireisthesecondvolumeinMKHume’s“Merlin”serieswhichdetailsMerlin'slifefrombirth.MerlintravelsacrosstheRomanEmpireinsearchofhisfather,avoyageofdiscoverytounderstandjustwhohewas.EventuallyMerlingetsinvolvedinthefightagainsttheHun'sinvasion(入侵)ofEuropeattheBattleoftheCatalaunianPlain.ServingundertheGeneralFlaviusAetius,Merlinbuildsareputationbysavingthelivesofthousandsofsoldiers.WhenhefinallyreachesRome,hesavesmanymore.ButafardeadlierconflictbetweenEmperorValentinianandSenatorPetroniusMaximusisaroundthecornerandMerlinmustuseallhisstrengthtocarryouthiswork.IfIhadtochoosejustonewordtodescribethisnovel,therewouldbenootherchoicethan“immersive(身临其境的)”.Therehasclearlybeenaseriousamountofresearchcarriedoutbytheauthor.Combinedwiththedescriptiveproseandimaginativestory,thebookreallydoesattractyoufromalmosttheverystart.ThestoryreallydoesfeellikeyouareapartofitasMerlintravelsacrosstheRomanEmpire.TheauthordoesagreatjobofmixingtherichhistorywithestablishedArthurianlegend.Thebattlesceneishandledveryeffectively.Theauthoremploysaveryeffectiveformtoshowthemainfightandthisnotonlyaddsadegreeoftensionandagoodlevelofexcitementbutalmostmakesyoufeellikeyouarerighttherehearingaboutwhathappened.DeathofanEmpireisaveryfinenovel,awonderfullyrichtaleandarewardingstory.24.WhydoesMerlintravelacrosstheRomanEmpire?A.TovisitKingArthur. B.Toenjoyaniceview.C.Togetawell-paidjob. D.Tofindouthisorigin.25.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenovel?A.Itisamixtureofhistoryandlegend. B.Itfeaturesdifficultlanguage.C.Itspeakshighlyofanemperor. D.ItisamasterpieceofMerlin.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph5referto?A.Aneffectivedescription. B.Along-runningbattle.C.Awonderfulfeeling. D.Awell-knownlegend.27.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport. B.Ahistorystory.C.Abookreview. D.Asciencefiction.CAsweallknow,insectscanberemarkablyagile(灵活的)inflight.Thisisreallyhardtobuildintoflyingrobots,butMITAssistantProfessorKevinYufengChenhasdevelopedaninsect-sizeddrone(无人机)thatapproachesinsects'agility.Typically,dronesrequirewideopenspaces.“Ifwelookatmostdronestoday,they'reusuallyquitebig,”saysChen.“Mostoftheirapplicationsinvolveflyingoutdoors.Thequestionis:Canyoucreateaninsect-sizeddronethatcanmovearoundinverycrowdedandcomplexspaces?”AccordingtoChen,heovercamemanyproblemswhenbuildingthedrone.Theinsect-sizeddronerequiresafundamentallydifferentconstructionfromalargerone.Thelargedroneisusuallypoweredbyamotor,butthemotorlosesefficiencyasyoushrinkit.So,Chensays,“Foraninsect-sizeddrone,youneedtolookforalternatives.”Theprincipalalternativeuntilnowhasbeenemployingasmall,rigidactuator(执行器)builtfromnewmaterials.Chendesignedamoreagiletinydroneusingsoftactuatorsinsteadofhardones.Eachactuatorcanbeatnearly500timespersecondandweighsjust0.6gram,approximatelythemassofalargebee.Itgivesthedroneinsect-likeagility.“Youcanhititwhenit'sflying,anditcanrecover,”saysChen.“Itcanalsoturnoverintheair.”Thedronelooksabitlikeatinycassettetapewithwings,thoughChenisalsoworkingonanewoneshapedlikeadragonfly.Chensayshisdronecanbeusefulinindustryandagriculture.Itcanperformmachineryinspectionstoensuresafetyandfunction.Itspotentialapplicationsincludecompletingsearch-and-rescuemissionsfollowingadisaster.“Allthosethingscanbeverydifficultforexistinglarge-scaledrones,”Chenexplains.28.WhatcanweknowabouttheactuatordesignedbyChen?A.Itweighsaboutsixgrams.B.Itdrivestheinsect-sizeddrone.C.Itlosesefficiencytoomuch.D.Itemploysconventionalmaterials.29.WhichwordcanbestdescribeChen'swork?A.Easy. B.Costly. C.Fruitless. D.Challenging.30.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellusaboutthenewdrone?A.Itssafetystandards. B.Itsflyingrange.C.Itspossibleapplications. D.Itsdesignprinciple.31.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.AnInsect-likeSmallDroneB.TheFutureofInsect-sizedDronesC.HowDronesWillChangetheAgricultureD.WhatChallengeDroneDevelopmentFacesDHumanshaveawayofunderstandingothers',goals,desiresandbeliefs,acrucialskillthatallowsustoanticipatepeople'sactions.Takingbreadoutofthetoaster?You'llneedaplate.

Sweepingupleaves?You'llgrabthegreentrashcan.Thisskill,oftenreferredtoas"theoryof

mind",comeseasilytousashumans,butforrobotsitstillhasahighmountaintoconquer.Inarecentstudy,computerscienceresearchersmadetherobot"watch"thehumancompletethetaskusingacameraplaceddirectlyabovetheassembly(组装)area,lookingdown.To

detectthepartsoperatedbythehuman,thesystemusedAprilTags,similartoQRcodes,attachedto

theparts.Then,thesystemusedmachinelearningtolearnaperson'spreferencebasedontheir

ordersofactionsinthetask."Basedonhowapersonperformsthesmallassembly,therobot

predictswhatthatpersonwilldointhelargerassembly,"saidNemlekar."Forexample,iftherobot

seesthatapersonlikestostartthesmallassemblywiththeeasiestpart,itwillpredictthattheywill

startwiththeeasiestpartinthelargeassemblyaswell."Intheresearchers'userstudy,theirsystemwasabletopredicttheactionsthathumanswilltakewitharound82%accuracy."Wehopethatourresearchcanmakeiteasierforpeopletoshowrobots

whattheyprefer,"saidNemlekar."Byhelpingeachpersonintheirpreferredway,robotscan

reducetheirwork,savetimeandevenbuildtrustwiththem."Thistechnologycouldalsobeuseful

inindustrialsettingswhereworkersaretaskedwithassemblingproductsinlargenumbers,saving

timeandreducingtheriskofinjuryoraccidents.Additionally,itcouldhelppersonswith

disabilitiestomoreeasilyassembleproductsandmaintainindependence."Ourgoalisnottoreplacehumansonthefactoryfloor.Iexpectsimilarfindingsinotherapplicationsaswell,"saidNikolaidis."Arobotthatcanquicklylearnourpreferencescanhelpus

prepareameal,rearrangefurnitureordohouserepairs,havingasignificantimpactonourdaily

lives."32.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartmeaninParagraph1?A.It'srefreshing.

B.It'schallenging.

C.It'sunachievable.

D.It'sridiculous.33.Whatdoresearcherswantto"teach"robotstodoinassemblytasks?A.Topredicthumanpreferences.

B.Togetthetasksfinishedeasily.C.Tothinkontheirown.

D.Toavoidhumanerrors.34.Whatcanwelearnabouttherobotsfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Theycanreplacehumans.

B.They'vebeenwidelyused.C.They'veimprovedtheiraccuracy.

D.Theycandogoodtothedisabled.35.Wherecanthetextprobablybefound?A.Inalabguidebook.

B.Inacomputertextbook.C.Inasciencenewspaper.

D.Inanacademicpaper.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtomakeasmalltalkWhetheryou'reanintrovertorextrovert,masteringhowtouseasmalltalkisveryimportantifyouattendsocialandnetworkingevents.16Payingattentiontowhatthepersonissayingandputtingyourdevicesawayaresomeofthegesturesofexpressinginterest.Takethisasanopportunitythathaspresenteditself,soyoucan

knoweachotherbetter.Beanactivelistener17Evenwhenyoufeelyouhavesomethingtosay,firstgivetheotherpersontheopportunitytospeak.Doshowthemyouareattentivebyusingnon-verbalcues,suchaseyecontactand

nodding.Useopen-endedquestions.Mostpeopleliketostarttheconversationbytalkingabouttheirlifeandthings.Usingopen-endedquestionssuchas"_18_","Whereareyoufrom?",andthethingstheylovedoingisagreat

wayofencouragingin-depthresponsesandprovidesanopportunitytolearnmorefromoneanother.Respondenthusiastically.Ifit'syourturntorespond,makesuretodoitenthusiastically.You'retalkingtosomeonewhodoesn'tknowyouverywell,andhowyourespondcangoalongwayinhelpingestablishagreat

rapport(和谐)fromthestart._19Bemindfulofyourbodylanguage.Yourbodylanguagecantellwhetheryouareattentivetowhatyourconversationpartnerissaying.20Evenifyouareanintrovert,trytomaintainbodylanguagethatshowsyou'reinterestedin

whatthey'resaying.A.Showgenuineinterest.B.Howhavethingsbeen?C.Doyoumajorinengineeringmanagement?D.Approachthecommoninterestfromauniqueangle.E.Offeryourfullattentiontowhatyourconversationpartnerissaying.F.Makesuretorespondinawaytheotherpersonfeelsvaluedandrespected.G.Somindhowyoumaintaineyecontact,positionyourhands,andstandduringthechat.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Itwasacold,sunnyDecemberdaywhenIsetoutforaruninMoab,Utah,withmydog,Taz.Aboutanhourintomy41alongaremotecanyon(峡谷)trail,Ihitapatchofblackice(透明薄冰)andthen4260feetintothecanyon.Iwasn’tparalyzed,butIwasingreat43.Tazhadmanagedto44hiswaybacktome,sotheremustbeawayoutofthecanyon,butIcouldn’t45orevencrawl.Ishoutedforhelpandwasintenton46myselftothebottomofthecanyon.Everyinchwasaneffort.It47mefivehourstogoaquarterofamile.48,itgotsodarkthatIhadtostaywhereIwasforthenight,nexttoapuddle(水坑)ofwater.Atnightthetemperaturedroppedbelow49.Tazstayedwithme,50somewarmth.Thenextmorning,Icouldn’tmoveatall.Itriedtostay51_.Thesecondnightinthecanyonseemedeven52andcolder.Thepuddleturnedtoice,andIhadto53ittogetwater.Onthethirdday,Ifeltmyselfgrowingweaker.IwascomingtotermswiththefactthatImight54.Inalast55,IcalledTazoverandtoldhimtogoandgethelp.TaztookoffthroughthecanyonandIlaytherethinkingaboutmyfamilyandfriends.TherewasmorethatIwantedfromlife.Tazreturned,56.ThenIheardanengineinthedistance.Icriedwithjoy.It57thatTazhadfoundasearchand58team.Iwasairliftedtothehospital,wheredoctorsfoundIhadlostalmosthalfthe59inmybody.Iftherescueteamhadarrivedlater,Iwouldn’thave60it.Iwasgratefultomyfaithfulfriend-Taz.41.A.move B.march C.walk D.run42.A.fell B.jumped C.broke D.headed43.A.loss B.shock C.pain D.need44.A.push B.locate C.find D.confirm45.A.stand B.escape C.cry D.shout46.A.pushing B.dragging C.lifting D.pulling47.A.took B.cost C.wasted D.gave48.A.Temporarily B.Eventually C.Fortunately D.Initially49.A.normal B.boiling C.freezing D.average50.A.admiring B.repeating C.delivering D.providing51.A.humble B.confident C.positive D.negative52.A.quieter B.longer C.shorter D.louder53.A.sharpen B.adopt C.appreciate D.crack54.A.agree B.help C.leave D.die55.A.effort B.trial C.chance D.break56.A.alive B.asleep C.awake D.alone57.A.cameout B.turnedout C.provedout D.workedout58.A.survey B.interview C.rescue D.sports59.A.blood B.cells C.water D.sweat60.A.entered B.made C.reached D.got第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Astronomershavepublishedamajorfinding__56__(recent):Ablackholehasbeenreleasingenergyfromasmallstar__57__wasshredded(吞噬)in2018,aftertwoyearsin

whichitdidn'temit(发射)anysuchmaterial.“Superunusual,”saidYvetteCendes,anastronomeratHarvard.“We’veneverreallyseenthisbeforetothisdegree.”Researchersmadethe__58__(discover)whentheyuseda__59__(power)radiotelescopefacilitytochecksometwodozenblackholeswherestarshadbeenshreddedafter__60__(come)tooclosetothem.Suchhappenings__61__(call)tidaldisruption(潮汐破坏)events,orTDEs.WhattheyfoundwasthatoneoftheTDEswasemittingenergyatanunusualspeed__62__ataverysurprisingtime:morethantwoyearsaftertheevent.Thisbehaviorisdifferentfromwhathasbeenobservedinblackh