Unit1FestivalsandCelebrationsDiscoveringUsefulStructures课件-高中英语人教版（2019）-1

DiscoveringUsefulStructuresUnit1FESTIVALSANDCELEBRATIONS1LanguageAbilityMasterthefunctionandusageofthe-ingformasattributeorpredicative.2CulturalAwarenessUnderstandtheactivitiesofdifferentfestivalsandrecognizetheuniquenessofdiversefestivalcultures.3ThinkingQualityAnalyzetherolesof-ingformsinsentencesanddistinguishtheirfunctionslogically.TeachingObjectives4LearningAbilityApplythe-ingformcorrectlyinfestival-themedlanguagetasksindependently.TeachingFocusandDifficultyGuidestudentstomastertheusageofthe-ingformasattributeandpredicativeinfestival-relatedlanguage.Helpstudentsaccuratelydistinguishandflexiblyapplythe-ingformindifferentsentencefunctionswithinfestivalcontexts.Grammar01Trytodescribethefollowingpictureswithaphraserespectively.asleepingcataproblem-solvinggirl/studentacryingbabyv-ing+nounWhatfeaturesdothesephraseshave?Thespeechis_______Thatpieceofnewsis_______Thisproblemis__________shockingboringconfusingTrytodescribethefollowingpictureswithaphraserespectively.noun+beverb+v-ing(adjective)Whatfeaturesdothesephraseshave?概述：动词-ing形式作定语用来修饰和限制名词，表示被修饰名词的用途、功能、特征以及其动作、状态等。位置：单个动词-ing形式作定语，常前置修饰名词；动词-ing形式短语作定语，则后置修饰，即“单个在前，短语在后”。adogbarkingintheyardthe leavesfallingfromthetreeabarkingdog thefallingleaves动词-ing形式作定语前置：单个动词-ing形式+名词后置：动词-ing形式短语+名词形式意义说明示例1.主动形式:doing①do与被修饰词是逻辑主谓关系；②表正在进行/与谓语动作同时发生的主动动作arunningboy（正在）奔跑的男孩Thereweresomekidschasingbutterfliesinthepark.公园里有孩子在追蝴蝶。boy是running这个动作的发出者；running强调动作正在进行kids是chasing这个动作的发出者；chasing强调动作正在进行形式意义说明示例1.主动形式:doing③表被修饰词的功能/用途/属性awashingmachine（=amachineforwashing）

洗衣机areadingroom（=aroomforreading）阅览室机器并不能主动发出washing这个动作，而是被设计用来完成这个动作，washing是它的功能房间并不能主动发出reading这个动作，而是被设计用来完成这个动作，reading是它的用途形式意义说明示例2.形容词化的doing表被修饰词的特征，意为“令人……的”【对比】-ed形式表“感到……的”asurprisingresult令人惊讶的结果asurprisedlook惊讶的表情aninterestingbook有趣的书aninterestedreader感兴趣的读者surprising描述result本身的特征——这个“结果”的属性是“能让人感到惊讶”interesting描述book本身的属性——这本“书”具备“让人觉得有趣”的特质形式意义说明示例3.被动形式：beingdone①do与被修饰词是逻辑动宾关系;②表正在进行的被动动作Theprojectbeingdiscussednowisveryimportant.现在正在被讨论的项目很重要。①被修饰词:theproject;分词中的动词:discuss从逻辑上看，是“项目被人们讨论”，即动词discuss和被修饰词theproject是动宾关系（宾语是动作的承受者）。②beingdone结构本身是“be+doing”的被动式，即bebeingdone(被动进行时)：正在被做，因此是“正在被讨论的项目”扩展成句：当动词-ing形式短语作后置定语时，可通过添加关系词（如who/that/which等

）与谓语，扩展为完整定语从句。Theboyplayingfootballonthefieldismybrother.=Theboywhoisplayingfootballonthefieldismybrother.定中心词找出分词短语修饰的名词/代词（人/物）嵌从句将“关系词+be动词+分词短语”整体放在中心词后，完成转化。·人→关系词who/that，物→关系词which/that·搭配is/are（单复数看中心词）,接分词剩余内容补“关系词+be动词”v-ed、v-ing以及todo作定语时的区别语法形式语态及时间意义例句v-ed做定语done表示被动或动作已经完成Thedamagedbikebesidetheroadwaslefttherefordays.v-ing做定语doing表示主动且动作正在进行或现在

/当时的状态Therunningboyismynephew.beingdone表示被动且动作正在进行Theplanbeingmadebythecommitteeiscrucial.todo做定语todo表示主动且动作将要发生Thevolunteertohelptheelderlytomorrowisacollegestudent.tobedone表示被动且动作将要发生Thetasktobecompletedwithinaweekisquitechallenging.动词-ing形式作表语时，可能是“动名词”，也可能是“现在分词”，它们在表意上有明显区别。1.动名词作表语:说明主语“是什么事”,此时,-ing形式相当于一个名词。特点：这类句子的主语通常是job,task,wish,duty,hobby,pleasure等抽象名词，或者不定式、从句。检验方法：将主语和表语位置互换，句子逻辑仍然成立。动词-ing形式作表语AbeB=BbeAHishobbyiscollectingstamps.他的爱好是集邮。→

Collectingstampsishishobby.集邮是他的爱好。HerjobisteachingEnglish.她的工作是教英语。→

TeachingEnglishisherjob.教英语是她的工作。WhatIhatemostislying.我最痛恨的就是说谎。→

LyingiswhatIhatemost.说谎就是我最痛恨的。Oneofthepleasuresinlife

isreading.生活的乐趣之一就是阅读。→

Readingisoneofthepleasuresinlife.阅读是生活的乐趣之一。动名词作主语时，视为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数。2.现在分词作表语：说明主语“怎么样”，具有形容词特性。此时，-ing形式相当于形容词，表示主语所具有的某种性质、特征或状态，通常是令人产生某种感受的。检验方法：不能用主语和表语互换的方法检验。Themovieis

exciting.

这部电影很令人兴奋。→不能说：Excitingisthemovie.（逻辑不成立）AbeB≠BbeAv-ing作表语是形容词属性，作用是描述、修饰主语，而非和主语对等；形容词无法独立作主语，因此互换后句子逻辑断裂。这些-ing词很多已经被归类为“形容词”：令人感到…的：interesting,exciting,frightening,shocking,surprising,touching,amusing,confusing,disappointing,terrifying,tiring,worrying等。其他特征：missing（丢失的）,coming（即将到来的）等。特点：这类句子通常可以用“very”“extremely”“quite”“rather”等副词来修饰，进一步强化语气。Thegamewasextremelyexciting.Thestoryisveryinteresting.当描述“人”自身散发出某种特性，给别人造成某种感觉时，也可以用v-ing，如Aboringperson=一个（让别人感到）无聊的人。特征动名词作表语现在分词作表语作用词性更接近更接近检验方法主表

互换，意思通顺主表

互换修饰词

用

very,extremely,quite,rather等程度副词修饰

用

very,extremely,quite,rather等程度副词修饰例句Ourmaintaskispreparingfortheexam.我们的主要任务是准备考试。Thejourneywastiring.这段旅程让人觉得疲惫。说明主语的内容（是什么）名词总结不能能描述主语的特征（怎么样）形容词可不可Practice02Activity1Readthesentencesbelowanddiscussthefunctionsandmeaningsoftheitalicised-ingform.•Theselanternsareamazing.•DuringtheMid-AutumnFestivalinChina,familiesgathertoadmirethe

shiningmoonandenjoydeliciousmooncakes.•FamiliescelebratingtheLunarNewYear

canenjoyexcitingdragondancesandcarnivalstogether.the-ingformasthepredicativethe-ingformastheattributebeforethenounthe-ingformastheattributeafterthenounandthe-ingformastheattributebeforethenounActivity1Findmoreexamplesfromtheunit.1.IthinktheRioCarnivalwouldbethemost

exciting.(the-ingformasthepredicative)2.It’llbetootiringtowalkordanceforalongtimeinthoseshoes.

(the-ingformasthepredicative)3.AnotherexampleisHalloween,whichslowlybecamean

excitingfestivalforchildren,inspiteofitsreligiousorigins.

(the-ingformastheattributebeforethenoun)4.Thefirstweekwasalittle

confusing.

(the-ingformasthepredicative)Activity2

ReadthefollowingmessagespostedbysomeexchangestudentsonanInternetforum.Thenanswerthequestions.Today9:05amSunnyliDiscussion:

Whichfestivalisyourfavourite?RioCarnival!Ispentareallyfundaytherewithmyfriends.Itwasgreatfunwalkingalongthestreets,enjoyingtherelaxingatmosphere!Theperformanceswerejustamazing.Today9:11amVincent1119TheSpringFestivalinChina,especiallythedinnerontheChineseNewYear’sEve!Allfamilymembersgettogether.AndIgetluckymoneyinredenvelopesfrommyparentsandrelatives,soit’salwaysanexcitingtimeforme.Today10:11amWizard_OzPerhapsThanksgiving.Whatcouldbebetter?Familiesgettingtogetherandeatingdeliciousfood,peoplewatchingsportsgamesonTV,friendslaughingandtalking,etc.Plusthere’sBlackFriday,ifshoppingisyourthing.Today10:24amCooper_08Ithinkit’sChristmas.Ijustcan’ttakemyeyesofftheshininglightsontheChristmastreeseverywhere.Lotsofsmilingfaces,andpeoplesingingChristmascarolsandwishingeachother“MerryChristmas!”Activity2

ReadthefollowingmessagespostedbysomeexchangestudentsonanInternetforum.Thenanswerthequestions.•Whataretheydiscussingintheforum?•Howarethemessagesarranged?•Whatfestivalsarementionedinthediscussion?Whichfestivalisyourfavourite?Bytimeanddate.RioCarnival,theSpringFestival,ThanksgivingDay,andChristmas.Activity2

ReadthefollowingmessagespostedbysomeexchangestudentsonanInternetforum.Underlinethe-ingformusedastheattributeorthepredicative.Today9:05amSunnyliDiscussion:

Whichfestivalisyourfavourite?RioCarnival!Ispentareallyfundaytherewithmyfriends.Itwasgreatfunwalkingalongthestreets,enjoyingtherelaxingatmosphere!Theperformanceswerejustamazing.Today9:11amVincent1119TheSpringFestivalinChina,especiallythedinnerontheChineseNewYear’sEve!Allfamilymembersgettogether.AndIgetluckymoneyinredenvelopesfrommyparentsandrelatives,soit’salwaysanexcitingtimeforme.Today10:11amWizard_OzPerhapsThanksgiving.Whatcouldbebetter?Familiesgettingtogetherandeatingdeliciousfood,peoplewatchingsportsgamesonTV,friendslaughingandtalking,etc.Plusthere’sBlackFriday,ifshoppingisyourthing.Today10:24amCooper_08Ithinkit’sChristmas.Ijustcan’ttakemyeyesofftheshininglightsontheChristmastreeseverywhere.Lotsofsmilingfaces,andpeoplesingingChristmascarolsandwishingeachother“MerryChristmas!”