2026届新高考英语考前冲刺复习高考英语词缀梳理

2026届新高考英语考前冲刺复习

高考英语词缀梳理01知识导图构词法转化法派生法动词、形容词转化为名词名词、动词转化为形容词形容词转化为副词的规律表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀变动词的前缀和后缀名词→动词water(n.水→v.浇水)动词→名词dream(v.→n.)梦想形容词→动词slow(adj.慢的→v.减慢)形容词→副词hard(adj.难的→adv.努力地)1.动词变名词+alapprove批准—approval批准arrive到达→arrival到达survive幸存→survival幸存者deny否认—denial否认dismiss解雇；开除→dismissal解雇；开除propose提议→proposal提议recite背诵→recital背诵refuse拒绝→refusal拒绝remove移动；迁移→removal移动；迁移renew更新→renewal更新sign签名—signal信号suppose假如→supposal假如withdraw撤退→withdrawal撤退2.动词转化为名词

后缀­ion/­tion/sion/­ationexpect→expectation

期望invite→invitation

邀请explain→explanation

解释present→presentation展示，授予，颁发prepare→preparation准备relax→relaxation轻松transport→transportation运输attract→attraction吸引consider→consideration考虑apply--application应用imagine—imagination想象

explain—explanation解释

declare—declaration宣言；声明

determine—determination决定

occupy—occupation占领；占据

limit—limitation限制

reform—reformation改革preserve→preservation保护organise--organization组织compete→competition

比赛，竞争compose－composition成分、写作recreate－recreation消遣，娱乐define---definition

定义，解释reduce---reduction

降低，减少edit---edition

编辑prohibit--prohibition禁止congratulate--congratulation庆祝decide—decision决定admit—admission允许submit—submission提交commit—commission承诺，保证permit—permission允许inspire—inspiration灵感tense--tension

拉伸，紧张decorate--decoration装饰，装潢adapt适应，调整－adaptation调整conduct处理、传导－conduction传导

satisfy使满意－satisfaction满意

construct建造－construction建筑

contribute贡献－contribution贡献

digest消化－digestion消化

discuss商讨－discussion商讨

exhibit陈列－exhibition展览会

express表达－expression表达

interrupt打断－interruption打断

describe－description描述

object反对－objection异议

graduate毕业－graduation毕业

prevent防止－prevention防止

select挑选－selection挑选

suggest建议－suggestion建议2.动词转化为名词

后缀mentachieve达到，取得—achievement成就，成绩，功绩accomplish完成—accomplishment完成adjust调整，使…适合，校准—adjustment调整，适应advertise为…做广告—advertisement广告

agree同意，应允—agreement同意，一致，协定，协议amaze使惊奇—amazement惊奇amuse（使人）快乐，逗乐—amusement娱乐

announce宣布，宣告—announcement通告，通知apart相距，与众不同地/的，分离着—apartment（美）楼中单元房，一套房间，appoint任命，委任，安排，确定（时间，地点）—appointment约会argue争辩，争论—argument争论，辩论arrange安排，布置—arrangement安排，布置assess评价，评定（性质，质量）—assessment看法，评价astonish使惊讶—astonishment惊讶attach附属，依恋—attachment附件，附属物；依恋，依附base根据地，基地；以…作基础—basement地下室commit犯罪，做错事，承诺—commitment承诺，允诺，承担develop（使）发展/发达/发育；冲洗（照片）—development发展，发达，发育，开发depart离开，出发，起程—department(缩Dept.)部门，（机关的）司，处，（大学的）系discourage使泄气，使气馁—discouragement泄气，气馁disappoint使失望—disappointment失望embarrass使尴尬–embarrassment尴尬employ使用，雇用—employment使用，雇用encourage鼓励—encouragement鼓励enjoy喜欢，享受—enjoyment享受，令人愉快的事物entertain娱乐，招待，款待—entertainment娱乐，消遣，款待equip提供设备，装备，配备—equipment装备，设备excite使兴奋—excitement兴奋，激动improve提高，改良—improvement改进，提高invest投资—investment投资involve涉及；卷入—involvement牵连，参与govern管理，支配，统治，控制—government政府，政体，管辖judge裁判，审判员，法官；判断，断定—judgement裁判manage经营，管理—management经营，管理move移动，搬动，搬家—movement运动，活动punish惩罚，处罚—punishment惩罚refresh使恢复精力，提醒—refreshments点心，便餐，(会议后的)简单茶点招待require需求，要求—requirement需要，要求，必要的条件retire退休—retirement退休settle安家，定居—settlement定居；解决state状态，情形，国家，（美国的）州；声明，陈述—statement声明，陈诉，说法treat对待，看待—treatment治疗，疗法2.动词转化为名词

后缀er/oract—actor行动者，男演员compete—competitor竞争者；对手conduct—conductor售票员；（乐队）指挥collect—collector收藏家correct—corrector矫正器，矫正员direct—director主任edit—editor编辑educate—educator教育者elect—elector选举者govern—governor统治者instruct—instructor教员，指导者invent—inventor发明家operate—operator操作员；电话接线员profession—professor教授protect—protector保护者;防护器translate—translator翻译者，译员begin—beginner新手；初学者do—doer行为者；实干家teach—teacher教师sing—singer歌手；歌唱家work—worker工作者；工人farm—farmer农民lead—leader.领袖；领导人read—reader读者；初级读物walk—walker散步的人；（帮助小孩学走路用的）学步车ski—skier滑雪的人fly—flyer飞鸟；飞行物pay—payer付款人；交款人buy—buyer买主；顾客；采购员sell—seller卖方；销售者hold—holder持有者；（支票等）持有人kill—killer杀手；凶手keep—keeper饲养员；保管员wait—waiter（男）侍者；（男）服务生hunt—hunter猎人play—player打游戏的人；打牌的人；选手；比赛者；演奏者found—founder创始人own—owner.物主；所有人speak—speaker演讲者；扬声器，喇叭think—thinker思想家dream—dreamer做梦的人，梦想家paint—painter画家；油漆匠garden—gardener园丁；园艺爱好者listen—listener倾听者，收听者design—designer设计师report—reporter记者perform—performer表演者foreign—foreigner外国人interview—interviewer主持面谈者；接见者；采访者law—lawyer律师；法学家write—writer作家use—user用户；使用者bake—baker面包师make—maker制造者；制造商lose—loser失败者vote—voter选举人；选民give—giver给予者；赠予人；捐献者或捐助人love—lover爱好者；情人trade—trader商人；经商者drive—driver司机produce—producer生产者；制片人passage—passenger乘客；旅客message—messenger信使；送信人challenge—challenger挑战者rob—robber抢劫者；强盗；盗贼win—winner获胜的人run—runner跑步的人swim—swimmer游泳者shop—shopper（商店的）顾客，买东西的人表示物（与某事物有关之物或能做某事之物）及动物（能做某事的动物count—counter柜台；计数器rule—ruler直尺；统治者time—timer定时器；计时器thrill—thriller令人感到兴奋的事laugh—laughter笑；笑声erase—eraser擦除器；橡皮serve—server服务器charge—charger充电器receive—receiver接受者；听筒；接收器typewrite—typewriter打字机cook—cooker炊具fold—folder文件夹；纸夹dry—dryer干衣机，干燥剂wash—washer洗衣机light—lighter打火机heat—heater加热器cool—cooler冷却器；冰箱sharpen—sharpener削刀；磨具cut—cutter切削器；刀类open—opener开启者；开启工具draw—drawer抽屉2.动词转化为名词

后缀tivedetect---detective侦察，密探represent---representative代表progress---progressive进步人士explose--explosive炸药，爆炸物prevent---preventive预防药direct---directive指令2.动词转化为名词

后缀-ance/-enceappear→appearance出现；外貌perform→performance

表演；节目guide→guidance

指引；指导ignore→ignorance忽视tolerate→tolerance容忍assist→assistance援助annoy→annoyance恼怒attend→attendance