大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷550

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷550

一、仔细阅读（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

Anumberofscientificstudieshavefoundthattheamountofsugarweconsumeisa

majorfactorinhowbigAmericanshavebecome.Inthelasthalf-century,consumptionof

sugarsbytheaverageAmericanhasincreasedbymorethan24poundsayear,expanding

waistlinesandcrowdingoutmorenutritiousfoods.Furthermore,thestudiesindicatethat

themaindietaryculprit（罪魁祸首）forboth（heincreaseinsugarandtheweightof

Americanshasbeentheever-growingconsumptionofsugarydrinks,especiallysoda.

Thesesoftdrinkscontribute7percentofthecaloriesAmericansconsume,makingthem

theleadingsourceofaddedsugarandthesinglelargestsourceofcaloriesinourdiet.

Criticshaverepeatedlyblamedhigh-fructosecornsyrup,theinexpensivesweetenerthat

hashelpedtokeepsodapricesdownandallowedconsumptiontosoar.Butinfact,no

sugarybeverageandnocaloricsweetenerarcblameless.Notordinarytabicsugar;not

brownsugarorrawsugar;nothoney;notevenfruitjuiceconcentrate.Allthese

sweetenerswhenaddedtodrinkscontributemostlyemptycaloriesthatdolittletosatisfy

（heappetiteandenclupasexcessenergythatthebodyultimatelyturnstofat.Andsoda,

（houghthemostcommonsugarybeverage,isnottheonlyoneinvolved.Infact,after

decadesofincreases,sodaconsumptionhaslevelledoff.butsportsdrinks,energydrinks

andsweetenedteashavebecomeincreasinglyimportantcontributorstotheliquidcalories

Americansconsume.Toimprovethehealthofitsresidentsanditscoffers,NewYork

Stateisconsideringaconsumptiontaxofaboutonepennyperounceonhigh-calorie

sweetenedbeverages.TheAmericanBeverageAssociation,whichtakesmajorcreditfor

an88percentreductioninsugaredsodacaloriesinthenation*sschools,hasseriously

undermineditscredibilitywithadsopposingtheso-calledsodatax.Inassociation-

sponsoredcommercialsontelevisionandradio,housewivesspouttheridiculous

argumentthatsuchataxwouldmakeitmoredifficultforthemtofeedtheirfamilies.But

onnonutritionist'slistarcyoulikelytofindsodalistedasadesirabledietaryingredient.

Itisnotafood,norabasicnecessity.Infact,thepeoplelikelytobenefitmostfroma

sodataxthatdiscouragesconsumptionarethosewhofindithardesttomakeendsmeet.

Thesearethepeoplewhocanleastaffordtowastehard-earneddollarsonemptycalories

（hatunderminetheirhealth.

1、1.Whathavemanystudiesfoundaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?

A^Americans,dietcontainstoomanynutritiousfoods.

B、SodaisonemajorcontributortoAmericans'overweight.

C、Americans'diethasthelargestnumberofcalories.

D、Americansconsumethemostsugarsintheworld.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。题干指明将答案定位在第一、二次"onemajorconlribulor”

对应原文第二段“themaindietaryculprit"；“overweight”对应第一、二段

“expandingwaistlines"，"boththeincreaseinsugarandtheweight”。

2、Whatcanweknowabouttheemptycaloriesfromthepassage?

A^Theymakepeoplehavenoappetite.

B、TheyarcthemainsourceofAmericans'energy.

C、TheyareAmericans'basicnecessity.

D、Theyarebadfbrpeople,shealth.

标准答案：D

知识点解析；细节题。正序解题和排除法共用。A选项与原文第四段中“thatd。

littletosatisfytheappetite''陈述相反；B选项未提及；C选项必须通读原文至最后一

段可知是对“norabasicnecessity”的曲解；可先跳过C选项直接做D选项，发现D

选项内容利第四段“endupasexcessenergythatthebodyultimatelyturnstofat”内容一

致，故选D。

3、WhatmeasuredocsNewYorkStatewanttotaketoimproveitspeople'shealth?

A、Itisplanningtoimposetaxesonsugarydrinkswithhighcalories.

B、ItisconsideringlimitingtheamountofliquidcaloriesAmericansconsume.

C、Itlimitstheamountofsugaraddedtothesugaiydrinks.

D、Itencouragesthesellerstoraisethepriceofthedrinkswithhighcalories.

标准答案：A

知识点解析:细节题。A选项是对原文第五段“Toimprovethehealthofitsresidents

anditscoffers,NewYorkStateisconsideringaconsumption(axofaboutonepenny

pcrouncconhigh-caloricsweetenedbeverages.”的总结，故选A。

4、Whydid(heAmericanBeverageAssociationloseitscredibility?

A、Itdidnotthinkallthesugarydrinkswereharmful.

B、Itopposedtoreducingitsnationschools'sodacalories.

C>Itdidnotsupporttheso-calledsodatax.

D、Itdiscouragedpeopletoconsumesodadrinks.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。根据题干中的“credibility”定位至原文第六段“The

AmericanBeverageAssociation,whichtakesmajorcreditforan88percentreductionin

sugaredsodacaloriesinthenation^schools,hasseriouslyundermineditscredibility

withadsopposingtheso—calledsodatax.C选项"didn'tsupport”是对“opposing''的

同义转换，故选C。

5、Whatishousewives'attitudetowardsthesodatax?

A^Indifferent.

B、Supporting.

C、Suspicious.

D^Disapproving.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：态度题。根据题干中的“housewives”定位至原文第七段“In

association—sponsoredcommercialsontelevisionandradio»housewivesspoutthe

ridiculousar-gumen((hatsuchataxwouldmakeitmoredifficultforthemtofeed(heir

families.D选项"disapproving”是对"ridiculous,makeitmoredifficultforthem../*

的同义转换，说明家庭主妇并不支持该项税收，故选D。

ThemoleculesofcarbondioxideintheEarth'satmosphereaffecttheheatbalanceofthe

Earthbyactingasaone-wayscreen.Althoughthesemoleculesallowradiationatvisible

wavelengths,wheremostoftheenergyofsunlightisconcentrated,topassthrough,they

absorbsomeofthelonger-wavelength,infraredemissionsradiatedfromtheEarth's

surface,radiationthatwouldotherwisebetransmittedbackintospace.FortheEarthto

maintainaconstantaveragetemperature,suchemissionsfromtheplanetmustbalance

incomingsolarradiation.Iftherewerenocarbondioxidein(heatmosphere,heatwould

escapefromtheEarthmuchmoreeasily.Thesurfacetemperaturewouldbesomuchlow

(hattheoceansmightbeasolidmassofice.Today,however,thepotentialproblemistoo

muchcarbondioxide.Theburningoffossilfuelsandtheclearingofforestshave

increasedatmosphericcarbondioxidebyabout15percentinthelasthundredyears,and

wecontinuetoaddcarbondioxidetotheatmosphere.Couldtheincreaseincarbon

dioxidecauseaglobalriseinaveragetemperature,andcouldsucharisehaveserious

consequencesforhumansociety?Mathematicalmodelsthatallowustocalculatetherise

intemperatureasafunctionoftheincreaseindicatethattheanswerisprobablyyes.

Underpresentconditions,atemperatureof-18℃canbeobservedatanaltitudeof5to6

kilometresabove(heEarth.Belowthisaltitude(calledtheradiatinglevel),the

temperatureincreasesbyabout6℃perkilometreapproachingtheEarth'ssurface,where

(heaveragetemperatureisabout15℃.Anincreaseintheamountofcarbondioxide

meansthattherearemoremoleculesofcarbondioxide(oabsorbinfraredradiation.As

thecapacityoftheatmospheretoabsorbinfraredradiationincreases,theradiatinglevel

andthetemperatureofthesurfacemustrise.Onemathematicalmodelpredictsthat

doublingtheatmosphericcarbondioxidewouldraisetheglobalmeansurface

temperatureby2.5℃.Thismodelassumesthattheatmosphere'srelativehumidity

remainsconstantandthetemperaturedecreaseswithaltitudeatarateof6.5℃per

kilometre.Theassumptionofconstantrelativehumidityisimportant,becausewater

vapourintheatmosphereisanotherefficientabsorberofradiationatinfrared

wavelengths.Becausewarmaircanholdmoremoisturethancoolair,therelative

humiditywillbeconstantonlyiftheamountofwatervapourintheatmosphereincreases

asthetemperaturerises.Therefore,moreinfraredradiationwouldheabsorbedand

reradiatedbacktotheEarth'ssurface.Theresultantwarmingatthesurfacecouldbe

expectedtomeltsnowandice,reducingtheEarth'sreflectivity.Moresolarradiation

wouldthenbeabsorbed,leadingtoafurtherincreaseintemperature.

6、Accordingtothepassage,thegreatestpartofthesolarenergythatreachestheEarth

is.

A^concentratedintheinfraredspectrum

B、concentratedatvisiblewavelengths

C、absorbedbycarbondioxidemolecules

D^absorbedbyatmosphericwatervapour

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。根捱第一段Althoughthesemoleculesallowradiationat

visiblewavelengths,wheremostoftheenergyofsunlightisconcentrated,topass

through,theyabsorbsomeofthelonger-wavelength,infraredemissionsradiatedfrom

theEartlfssurfacc,radiationthatwouldotherwisebetransmittedbackintospace.“尽

管这些分子微粒允许可见光波长的辐射穿过，这里集中了大部分的H光能量，但

是，它们吸收一些来自地球表面具有较长波长的红外线辐射，这些辐射原本是应该

传回太空的。”可知大部分的口光能量集中在了可见光波长，句中sunlight和题干

solar互为对应点，所以B选项表达正确。

7、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueofthelasthundredyears?

A^Fossilfuelswereburnedforthefirsttime.

B、Greateramountsoflandwereclearedthanatanytimebefore.

C^TheaveragetemperatureattheEarth*ssurfacehasbecome2℃cooler.

Theamountofcarbondioxideintheatmospherehasincreasedmeasurably.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。根据lasthundredyears定位到第二段Theburningoffossil

fuelsandtheclearingofforestshaveincreasedatmosphericcarbondioxidebyabout

15pcrccntinthelasthundredyears”矿物燃料的燃烧和森林的砍伐使大气中的二氧化

碳在过去的百年中增加了大约15%”可知D选项正确。

8、Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetowardtheincreasing

amountofcarbondioxidein(heatmosphereanditsconsequences?

A、Incredulous.

B、Completelydetached.

C、Objectiveyetconcerned.

D^Angryyetresigned.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推断题。根据theincreasingamountofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere

定位到第二段。作者在第二段中首先提出二氧化碳过多的现状，然后找到原因-

矿物燃料的燃烧、森林的砍伐和排放的二氧化碳。之后作者提出问题一一二氧化碳

的增加会导致全球的平均温度升高吗?会带来严重后果吗?作者通过数字模型很客观

地计算出二氧化碳增加与气温升高的关系，得出结论——答案是肯定的。作者逻辑

缜密，表达客观，但是字里行间表现出对二氧化碳过多这一问题的关注。所以答案

选C。

9^Itcanbeconcludedfrominformationcontainedinthepassagethattheaverage

temperatureatanaltitudeof1kilometreabovetheEarthis.

A、15℃

B、9℃

C>2.5℃

D、-12℃

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推断题。根据原文第三段Underpresentconditionsatemperatureof-

18℃canbeobservedatanaltitudeof5to6kilometresabovetheEarth.Belowthis

altitude(calledtheradiatinglevel)»thetemperatureincreasesbyabout6℃per

kiiomctrcapproachingtheEarth'ssurface,wheretheaveragetemperatureisabout

15。&“在目前的环境下，在海拔五六千米的高度可以观测到・18汽的气温，这一高

度被称作辐射水平面。在这一高度以下，距离地面每下降一千米温度就升高6国，

到达地面的时平均温度约为15。5”可计算这道数学题。地面的时平均温度约为

15K。从地面每上升一千米温度就降低6。3那么距离地表一千米的地方温度应为

9℃,选B。

10、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat(heconstructionofthemathematicalmodel

mentionedin(hepassageinvolvedtheformulationofwhichofthetollowing?

A、Anassumptionthattheamountofcarbondioxideaddedtotheatmospherewouldin

realitysteadilyincrease.

B、Anassumptionthathumanactivitiesaretheonlyagenciesbywhichcarbondioxide

isaddedtotheatmosphere.

C、Assumptionsabout(hesocialandpoliticalconsequencesofanycurtailmentof(he

useoffossilfuels.

D^Assumptionsaboutthephysicalconditionsthatarclikelytoprevailduringtheperiod

forwhichthemodelwasmade.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。根据theconstructionofthemathematicalmodel定位到最后一

段。数字模型预言大气中增加一倍的二氧化碳将会使全球的平均地表温度升高

2.5℃o而这一模型假定大气的相对湿度保持不变。该段解释的过程中有一个定

量，是恒定的相对湿度。D选项题干中的(hephysicalconditionsthatarelikelyto

prevail是对原文constantrelativehumidity的同义转述，因此正确答案为D。

You'vebeenworkingoutregularlyforquiteawhile,butyou'renowherenearyour

fitnessgoals.Sonowit'stimetobringinyourultimateweapon—yourmind.Rather(han

thinkingoffitnessassomethingmysteriousthatyoudowithyourbody,takean

analytical,goal-orientedapproachtomakingphysicalimprovementsthatstick.Trythese

tipsforcreatingasmartfitnessplan:Defineyourgoals.Whetherit'stolosefatandgain

muscleortorunatriathlon,it'svitaltohaveagoaltoworktoward.Knowingwhere

you'regoingmakesiteasiertotaketherightsteps.Getrealistic.Traininggainsarcmet

throughconsistenteffortoveraperiodoftime.Don'texpectdramatic,overnightresults

regardlessofwhatexerciseequipmentinfomercialsclaim.Rewardyourselfforallthe

littlepositivestepsyoutakeandforconsistentlystrivingforward.Beyourself.Work

towardagoalthatyoucanachievewithyourbody.Don'ttrytochangeyourbasicshape

ortogoagainstyourownuniquephysicalcapabilities.Takeanobjectivelookatyourself,

andthenworktowardenhancingwhatyou'vegotratherthantryingtoattainsomeone

else'sbody.Doyourresearch.Ifyouarenotmakingprogress,askaqualiGedpersonal

trainertoanalyzeyourroutineandyourgoals.Readhealthandfitnessmagazines.There'

stonsofgreatfitnessinformationoutthere—tailorittofityou.Identifyyourweaknesses,

andthenuseyourbraintooutsmartthem.Manypeopleavoidtheirweakpointsorbad

habits,hopingthattheycanignorethemintooblivion.Instead,takethemupascluesto

howyoucanimprove.Keepafoodandfitnessjournalforair.onth.Thenanalyzeitfor

negativepatterns.Ifyoualwaysovereatlateatnight,trygoingtoalate-nightmovieto

getyourmindofffood.Ifyoutendtofadeoutonyourworkoutsonweekends,plansome

funexercisewithfriendstospiceupyourlaggingroutine.Createafitnessnetwork.

Integratetheimportantpeopleinyourlifeintoyourfitnessquest.Getyourwholegroup

involvedinhealthyactivitiesandeating一(hatwaytheywon'(betemplingyoutofalloff

(hefitnesswagon.Instead,you'llallbeleadingoneanothertowardhealthierbodiesand

minds.

11Whatarcyougoingtodoifyouarcnotmakinganyprogressafterworkingoutfora

longtime?

A、Useaweapon.

B、Thinkoffitnessassomethingmysterious.

C、Makeasmartfitnessplantoimproveyourphysicalfitness.

D^Gotoagymtokeepfit.

标准答案：C

知识点解析:细节题。根捱第:段takeananalytical,goal-orientedapproachto

makingphysicalimprovementsthatstick.Trythesetipsforcreatingasmartfitness

plan”要对此进行分析，明稳目标，以持续有效地改善体质.制定一个聪明的健身

计划。试试以下建议”可知，运动相当长一段时间后若仍不见起色，这时就该制定

改善体质的健身计划了，所以C选项表达正确。

12、Whyisi(ofgreatimponancetohaveagoaltoworktoward?

A、Becausehavingacleartargethelpsyoutotaketherightsteps.

B、Becauseithelpsyoutolosefat.

C、Becauseithelpstogainmuscle.

D、Becauseithelpsyoutofinishatriathlonasquicklyaspossible.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。根据第三段it'svitaltohaveagoaltoworktoward.Knowing

whcrcyou'rcgoingmakesiteasiertotaketherightsteps.可知有,个努力的目标是至

关重要的，因为目标明确有利于采取正确的步骤。这和A选项表达一致，所以选

Ao

13、Workingouttowardsolher'sbodyshapeisnotalwaysdesirablebecause.

A、thenyou5IIhavethechancetobeoneofakind

B、other,sbodyshapeisnolflawless

C^itisimpossibletobuildaperfectbody

D、everybodyhashis/heruniquephysicalcapabilities

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。根据第五段Don51trytochangeyourbasicshapeortogo

againstyourownuniquephysicalcapabilities.Takeanobjectivelookatyourself,then

worktowardenhancingwhatvou'vcgotratherthantryingtoattainsomeonecIsc's

body.“不要试图改变自己用基本体型，也不要跟自己特有的身体素质对着干。客

观地审视自己，然后朝能够改进自己已有的身体状况这一目标努力.而不是非要练

出别人的体型不可。”可知锻炼出他人的体型并不总是可取，因为每个人的身体素

质情况不一样。所以选D。

14、Insteadofneglectingyourweakpoints,youshould.

A^seethemascluesforyoutoimprove

B、keepafoodandfitnessjournal

C、notovereatlateatnight

D、findoutyourstrengthstobeconfident

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。根捱原文第七段Manypeopleavoidtheirweakpointsorbad

habits,hopingthattheycanignorethemintooblivion.Instead,takethemupasclues

tohowyoucanimprove.”许多人回避自己的弱点或不良习惯，期望着忽视它们，它

们就会自动消失。其实，不妨把它们视为你如何改进的线索。”可知与其对自己的

弱点视而不见，不如把它们当做改进的线索，和A表述一-致，因此选A。

15、Createafitnessnetworkhelpsyou.

A、tomeetandbefriendwithimportantpeople

B、tolivewithpeoplewhohavethesamegoal

C、toextentyourcircleoffriends

D^tobealeader

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。根据文章最后一段Getyourwholegroupinvolvedin

hcalthyactivitiesandeating—thatwaytheywon'tbetemptingyoutofalloffthefimess

wagon.Instead,you'llallbeleadingoneanothertowardhealthierbodiesand

minds.“让他们都来参加有益健康的活动和注重饮食健康一这样他们便不会诱惑

你半途而废。相反，你和大家将能携手并进，达到身心健康。”可知健身网能够帮

助自己身处目标相同的集体之中，因此正确答案为B。

Heavierpeoplearcmorelikelytobekilledorseriouslyinjuredincaraccidentsthan

lighterpeople,accordingtonewresearch.Thatcouldmeancardesignerswillhaveto

buildinnewsafetyfeaturestocompensatefortheextrahazardsfacingoverweight

passengers.IntheUS,carmanufacturershavealreadyhadtoredesignairbagssothey

inflatetolowerpressures,makingthemlessofadangertosmallerwomenandchildren.

Butnooneyetknowswhatitis(hatputsoverweightpassengersatextrarisk.Astudy

carriedoutinSeattle,Washington,lookeda(morethan26.000peoplewhohadbeen

involvedincarcrashes,andfoundthatheavierpeoplewereatfarmorerisk.People

weighingbetween100and119kilogramsarealmosttwo-and-a-halftimesaslikelytodie

inacrashaspeopleweighinglessthan60kilograms.Andimportantly,thesametrend

heldupwhen(heresearcherslookedatbodymassindex(BMI)—ameasurethattakes

heightaswellasweightintoaccount.Someone1.8metrestallweighing126kilograms

wouldhaveaBMIof39,butsowouldaperson1.5metrestaliweighing88kilograms.

PeoplearcsaidtobeobeseiftheirBMIis30orover.Thestudyfoundthatpeoplewitha

BMIof35to39wereovertwiceaslikelytodieinacrashcomparedwithpeoplewitha

BMIofabout20.Itisnotjusttotalweight,butobesityitselfthat'sdangerous.Whilethey

donotyetknowwhythisisthecase,theevidenceisworthpursuing,saysCharlesMock,

asurgeonandepidemiologistattheHarborviewInjuryPreventionandResearchCentre

inSeattle,wholedtheresearchteam.Hethinksoneanswermaybeforsafetyauthorities

touseheaviercrash-testdummieswhencertifyingcarsassafetodrive.Crashtests

normallyusedummiesthatrepresentstandard-sizedmalesweighingabout78kilograms.

Recently,smallercrashtestdummieshavealsobeenusedtorepresentchildreninside

crashingcars.Butlargerandheavierdummiesarenotused.Thereasonsforthehigher

injuryanddeathratesarefarfromclear.Mockspeculatesthatcarinteriorsmightnotbe

suitablydesignedforheavypeople.Besides,obesepeople,withhealthproblemssuchas

highbloodpressureordiabetes,couldbefoundittoughertorecoverfrominjury.Richard

Kent,anexpertinimpactbiomechanicsattheUniversityofVirginia,thinksthenew

researchhasestablishedalegitimateconnectionbetweenobesityandsevereinjuryor

death.BecausetheresearchusedBMIdata;ithasnotconfusedtallcr(andtherefore

heavierthanavcrage)pcoplcwiththosewhoareoverweight.Peoplewhoarcobesemight

alsobeatriskbecauseseatbeltsdonotholdthemassecurelyinacrash.HForexample,a

largeamountoffattissuebetweentherestraintsystemandthebonythoraxactsmuch

likeawintercoat:itintroduces'slack'intotherestraintsystem