大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷547

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷547

一、仔细阅读（本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。）

AproverballegedlyfromancientChinawaswidelyspreadinthewest:"Ifyouwanttobe

happyforafewhours,gotogetdrunk;ifyouwantalifetimehappiness,takeup

gardening."Thereasonforthelastoptionisthis:Gardeningisnotonlyuseful,butit

helpsyoutoidentifyyourselfwithnature,andthusbringsyounewjoyeachdaybesides

improvingyourhealth.AresearchofaUSuniversitythatI'vereadgivesadefinitionof

happinessaswhatmakesapersonfeelcomfortablypleased.Toputitspecifically,

happinessisanactivestaleofmindwhereonethinksone*slifeismeaningful,

satisfactoryandcomfortable.Thisshouldbesomethinglastingratherthantransitory.

Lotsofpeopleregarditthehappiesttobeatleisure.Butaccordingtoastudy,itisnota

personwithplentyofleisurebutoneatworkthatfeelshappy,especiallythosebusywith

workhavinglittletimeforleisure.Happinessdoesnotspellgainsoneisafterbutadesire

toharvestwhatoneisseekingfor.Peopleoftendonotcherishwhattheyalreadyhavebut

yearnforwhattheycannotget.Thatissomewhatlikeamanindulginginfonddreamsof

numerousloverswhilereluctanttosettledownwiththewomanbesidehim.Happinessis

agamebalancingbetweentwoends—whatonehasandwhatonewishesfor,e.g.one's

dreamandthepossibilitytorealizeit.Thestudycomestothisconclusion:Ahappyman

isonewhoaimshighbutneverforgetshisactualsituation;onewhomeetschallenges

thattaphisabilityandpo:entiality;onewhoisproudofhisachievementsandthe

recognitiongiventohim.Hehasself-respectandself-confidence;treasureshisown

identityandlovesfreedom.Heissociableandenjoyswide-rangecommunicationwith

others;heishelpfulandreadytoacceptassistance.Heknowsheisabletoendure

sufferingsandfrustrations;heissensibleenoughtogetfunfromdailychores.Heisa

mancapableofloveandpassion.

1、Accordingtothepassage,gardeningcanbringlifelonghappinessbecause.

A^gardeningisaprofitablebusiness

B、itcanstrengthengardener'sabilitytoremarknature

C、gardenercanenjoyveryhappymarriage

D^gardenercanbuildgoodrelationshipwithnature

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。短文第一段最后一句指出ithelpsyoutoidentifyyourself

withnature,andthusbringsyounewjoyeachdaybesidesimprovingyourhealth.可知

园艺可以帮助你与大自然融合在一起，改善你的健康，给你带来新的快乐。故选项

D正确。

2、Itcanbeconcludedfromtheresearchoftheuniversitythatmostpeoplefeelhappy

when.

A^theyareatleisure

BNtheyaregardening

C、theyareengagedinworking

D、theyhavenumerouslovers

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。根据短文第三段第二句Buiaccordingloastudy,itisnota

personwithplentyofleisurebutoneatworkthatfeelshappy.especiallythosebusywith

workhavinglittletimeforleisure.可知研究表明，工作着的人最快乐。故选项C正

确。

3、Theauthormentionsamanindulginginfonddreamsofnumerousloversin

Paragraph3inorderto.

A^demonstratetheseriousprobleminmarriageinmodernsociety

B、illustratethatonlythiskindofmancanpossesshappiness

C、showthatthiskindofmanhasplentyofleisuretimetodowhattheywant

D、giveanexampleofapersonwhodoesn'tcarefbrwhathealreadypossesses

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。期文第三段最后两句指出Peopleoftendonotcherishwhat

theyalreadyhavebutyearnforwhattheycannotget.Thatissomewhatlikeaman

indulginginfonddreamsofnumerousloverswhilereluctanttosettledownwiththe

womanbesidchim.由此可知作者用有些男人沉迷于有很多情人的这个例子来表明

人们常常不会珍惜已经羽有的，却渴望那些得不到的。故选项D正确。

4、Whichofthefollowingismorelikelytobeunhappyaccordingtothestudy?

A、Theonewhohasself-esteemandhasconfidenceinhimself.

B、Theonewhoisambitiousregardlessofhisactualsituation.

C、Theonewhocantakepleasureincommunicatingwithothers.

D、Theonewhoalwayshelpsothersandalsoacceptshelpfromothers.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推断题。短文最后一段第二句指出…Ahappymanisonewhoaims

highbutneverforgetshisactualsituation…这句话意思正好与选项B相反。而选项

A、C、D表达的内容都符合原文对happyman快乐的人的表述。故选B。

5、Fromthepassageweknowthathappinessis.

A、takingupgardening

B、gellingcvciylliingwlialunclungsfui

C、agametohavedreamlikemusingsorfantasieswhileawake

D、abalancebetweenwhatoneownsandwhatonedreamsof

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。由短文最后一段第一句Happinessisagamebalancing

betweentwoends-whatonehasandwhatonewishesfbr…可知"快乐是一个在两端之

间寻找平衡的游戏——一个人所拥有的和他所希望得到的"。故选项D正确。

Faces,likefingerprints,areunique.Didyoueverwonderhowitispossibleforusto

recognizepeople?Evenaskilledwriterprobablycouldnotdescribeallthefeaturesthat

makeonefacedifferentfromanother.Yetaveryyoungchild-orevenananimal,such

asapigeon-canlearntorecognizefaces,wealltakethisabilityfbrgranted.Wealsotell

peopleapartbyhowtheybehave.Whenwetalkaboutsomeone'spersonality,wemean

thewaysinwhichheorsheacts,speaks,thinksandfeelsthatmakethatindividual

differentfromothers.Likethehumanface,humanpersonalityisverycomplex.But

describingsomeone1spersonalityinwordsissomewhateasierthandescribinghisface.If

youwereaskedtodescribewhata"niceface"lookedlike,youprobablywouldhavea

difficulttimedoingso.Butifyouwereaskedtodescribea"niceperson",youmight

begintothinkaboutsomeonewhowaskind,consideraie,friendly,warm,andsoforth.

Therearemanywordstodescribehowapersonthinks,feelsandacts.GordonAllport,an

Americanpsychologist,foundnearly18,000Englishwordscharacterizingdifferencesin

people'sbehavior.Andmanyofususethisinformationasabasisfordescribingor

typinghispersonality.Bookworms,conservatives,militarytypes-peoplearedescribed

withsuchterms.Peoplehavealwaystriedto"type"eachother.ActorsinearlyGreek

dramaworemaskstoshowtheaudiencewhethertheyplayedthevillain's（外人）orthe

hero'srole.Infact,thewords"person"and"personality"comefromtheLatinpersona,

meaning"mask".Today,mosttelevisionandmovieactorsdonotwearmasks.Butwe

caneasilytellthe"goodguys"fromthe"badguys1'becausethetwotypesdifferin

appearanceaswellasinactions.

6、Byusingtheexampleoffingerprintstheauthortellsusthat.

A、peoplecanlearntorecognizefaces

B、peoplehavedifferentpersonalities

C、peoplehavedifficultyindescribingthefeaturesoffingerprints

D^peopledifferfromeachotherinfacialfeatures

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。根据短文第一段第一句Faces,likefingerprint,are

unique.可知人的面部特征和指纹一样，都是独特的，都是不同的。故选D。

7、Accordingtothispassage,someanimalshavethegiftof.

A、tellingpeopleapartbyhowtheybehave

typingeachother

C、tellinggoodpeoplefrombadpeople

D、recognizinghumanfaces

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。短文第一段最后一句指出Yetaveryyoungchild—oreven

ananimal,suchasapigeon—canlearntorecognizefaces.即有些动物，例如鸽子就

有辨认面部特征的天赋。故选项D正确。

8、Whomostprobablyknowsbesthowtodescribepeople*spersonality?

A^TheancientGreekaudience.

B、Themovieactors.

C、Psychologists.

D、ThemodernTVaudience.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推理题。艰据短文最后一段最后两句可知。现在的演员不再带能区分

他们是好人还是坏人的面具，但是观众还是能够判断出剧中的好人和坏人，这是因

为演员在外貌和行为动作上将他们区分，所以可推断出演员最懂得人的性格特征。

故选项B正确。

9、Accordingtothepassage,itispossibleforustellonetypeofpersonfromanother

because.

A、peopledifferintheirbehavioralandphysicalcharacteristics

B、humanfingerprintsprovideuniqueinformation

C>people'sbehaviorcanbeeasilydescribedinwords

D、humanfaceshavecomplexfeatures

标准答案：A

知识点解析；细节题。纵观全文可知，区分不同类型的人事因为人的外表face,

appearance(即physicalcharaclerislics)和行为特征aclion(即behavioralcharacteristics)

不同。故选项A正确。

10、Whichofthefollowingisthemajorpointofthepassage?

A、Whyitisnecessarytoidentifypeople5spersonality.

Whyitispossibletodescribepeople.

C、Howtogettoknowpeople.

D、Howtorecognizepeoplebest.

标准答案：B'

知识点解析：主旨题。短文中没有谈及为什么必须要确定人的个性特征，故A不

对。选项C、D与文章内容无关，也可排除。选项B最能概括文章的主要内容，故

B正确。

Accordingtosociologists,thereareseveraldifferentwaysinwhichapersonmaybecome

recognizedastheleaderofasocialgroup.Inthefamily,traditionalculturalpatterns

conferleadershipononeorbothoftheparents.Inothercases,suchasfriendshipgroups,

oneormorepersonsmaygraduallyemergeasleaders,althoughthereisnoformal

processofselection.Inlargergroups,leadersareusuallychosenformallythrough

electionorrecruitment.Althoughleadersareoftenthoughttobepeoplewithunusual

personalability,decadesofresearchhavefailedtoproduceconsistentevidencethatthere

isanycategoryof"naturalleaders”.Itseemsthatthereisnosetofpersonalqualitiesthat

allleadershaveincommon;rather,virtuallyanypersonmayberecognizedasaleaderif

thepersonhasqualitiesthatmeettheneedsofthatparticulargroup.Researchsuggests

thattherearetypicallytwodifferentleadershiprolesthatareheldbydifferent

individuals.Instrumentalleadershipisleadershipthatemphasizesthecompletionoftasks

byasocialgroup.Groupmemberslooktoinstrumentalleadersto"getthingsdone".

Expressiveleadership,ontheotherhand,isleadershipthatemphasizesthecollective

well-beingsofasocialgroup'smembers.Expressiveleadersarelessconcernedwiththe

overallgoalsofthegroupthanwithprovidingemotionalsupporttogroupmembersand

attemptingtominimizetensionandconflictamongthem.Instrumentalleadersarelikely

tohavearathersecondaryrelationshiptoothergroupmembers.Theygiveotherstasks

andmaydisciplinegroupmemberswhoinhibit(阻碍)attainmentofthegroup'sgoals.

Expressiveleaderscultivateamorepersonalorprimaryrelationshiptoothersinthe

group.Theyoffersympatliywhensomeoneexperiencesdifficultiesandtrytoresolve

issuesthatthreatentodividethegroup.Asthedifferencesinthesetworolessuggest,

expressiveleadersgenerallyreceivemorepersonalaffectionfromgroupmembers;

instrumentalleaders,iftheyaresuccessfulinpromotinggroupgoals,mayenjoyamore

distantrespect.

11>Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

A、Theproblemsfacedbyleaders.

B>Howleadershipdiffersinsmallandlargegroups.

C、Howsocialgroupsdeterminewhowillleadthem.

D、Theroleofleadersinsocialgroups.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：主旨题。文章主要讲述不同的领导者(如instrumentalleaders以及

expressiveleaders)在不同的社会群体中所充当的角色和发挥的功能。所以D为正确

答案。选项A、B、C都不能正确概括本文主旨。

12、Thepassagementionsallofthefollowingwaysbywhichpeoplecanbecome

leadersEXCEPT.

A、recruitment

B、formalelectionprocess

C、specificleadershiptraining

D>traditionalculturalpatterns

标准答案：c

知识点.析：细节题。短文第一段指出了成为领导者的不同方式：traditional

culturalpattcrns,electionorrecruitment.选项Cspecificleadershiptraining在文中并

没有提及。故选C。

13、WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutleadershipcanbeinferredfromParagraph

2?

A、Apersonwhoisaneffectiveleaderofaparticulargroupmaynotbeaneffective

leaderinanothergroup.

Fewpeoplesucceedinsharingaleadershiprolewithanotherperson.

C、Apersoncanbestlearnhowtobeaneffectiveleaderbystudyingresearchon

leadership.

D、Mostpeopledesiretobeleadersbutcanproducelittleevidenceoftheir

qualifications.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推断题。短文第二段指出Itseemsthatthereisnosetofpersonal

qualitiesthatallleadershaveincommon.即似乎并不是所有的领导者都有同样的个

人素质。由此可推断出某一个团队的优秀领导可能并不适合另外的团队。故选项A

正确。

14>Inmentioning"naturalleaders"（Line3,Parag.2）,theauthorismakingthepoint

that.

A、fewpeoplequalifyas"naturalleaders"

B、thereisnoproofihai"naturalleaders"exist

C、naturalleadersareeasilyacceptedbythemembersofagroup

D^naturalleadersshareasimilarsetofcharacteristics

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。由题干可定位至第二段decadesofresearchhavefailedto

produceconsistentevidencethatthereisanycategoryof'naturalleaders'*.即近几十年

的研究发现并没有哪一类人是“天生的领导故选项B正确。

15、Thepassageindicatesthatinstrumentalleadersgenerallyfocuson.

Axensuringharmoniousrelationships

B、sharingresponsibilitywithgroupmembers

C、identifyingnewleaders

D、achievingagoal

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。短文最后两段主要讲述了两种领导：指导型领导和表达型领

导。并指出了他们的不同点。由Instrumentalleadershipisleadershipthatemphasizes

thecompletionoftasksbyasocialgroup和Expressiveleadersarclessconcernedwith

theoverallgoalsofthegroup可知指导型领导重视团队任务的完成，关心团队目标，

而表达型领导却不是这样。故选项D正确。

Therearepeoplewhoareespeciallyattractedtothenotionof"climbingtheladder"soas

toincreasetheirstatus,financialposition,andsenseofself-worth.Inpart,asaresultof

theworkethic,thesepeopleareinternally"driven"towork.Notinfrequently,foreign

visitorshaveobservedthatAmericansspendaninordinale（过度的）amountoftime

workingand,asaconsequence,Americanshavelittletimefbrleisureorpersonal

relationships.InAmericanEnglishanewword"workaholic"hasbeencreatedtodescribe

anindividualwhoisasaddictedtoworkasanalcoholic（酒鬼）istoliquor.Therearc

conflictingpointsofviewaboutworkaholics.Thoseconcernedwithproblemsofmental

stressbelieveworkaholicsabusethemselvesphysicallyandmentally.Othersholdthat

workaholicsarevaluablemembersofsocietybecausetheyareextremelyproductive.The

Americansculturevaluesachievement,efficiency,andproduction-aworkaholic

supportsthesevalues.Despitethepresenceofworkaholics,thereisagrowingrealization

intheUnitedStatesthatexcessiveworkdemandscanbephysicallyandmentally

harmful.Manypeoplehavebeenrebellingagainsttheworkethic,claimingthatwhena

jobissoimportant,personalrelationshipssufferandrelaxationbecomessecondary.

Consequentlytherehasbeenashiftinvalues,withmoreemphasisbeinggivento

personalrelationshipsandnon-workactivities.IncreasedleisuretimeintheUnitedStates

hasnotchangedtheideathatworkandplayaredistinctactivities.Thereisabeliefthatit

isdesirable"toworkhardandplayhard"andundesirabletocombinethetwo.Inmany

offices,storesandfactoriessocializingamongemployeesisdiscouraged.Anemployee

underpressureatworkoftencannotaffordtorespondtosocialcallsandvisits.However,

theamountofpersonalcontactonthejobdependsonthenatureofthework.Peopleare

ambivalent（矛盾的）towardwork;itis,atthesametime,glorifiedandbelittled.Inthe

wordsofformerPresidentRichardNixon:"The'workethic,holdsthatlaborisgoodin

itself;thatamanorwomanbecomesabetterpersonbyvirtueoftheactofworking.

America'scompetitivespirit,the'workethic'ofthispeople,isaliveandwell..."Another

viewpointisexpressedinanAnacincommercial:"Ilikemyjobandamgoodatit,butit

suregrindsmedown（折磨）sometimes,andthelastthingIneedtotakehomeisa

headache."

16、Anindividualwhoisaddictedtoworkis.

A、adrugaddict

B、acompulsiveworker

C^analcoholic

D.acompetitiveworker

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。艰据短文第一段前两句Therearepeoplewhoare

especiallyattractedtothenotionof'climbingtheladdef'soastoincreasetheir

status,financialposition,andsenseofself-worth.Inpart,asaresultofthework

ethic,thesepeopleareinternally^driven^towork.可看出有些人深受“climbingthe

ladder”观念影响.目的是提高社会地位，经济地位和自我价值，所以他们受职业道

德驱使而工作。故选项B正确。

17^Theauthorstatesthatworkaholics.

A>abusethemselvesphysicallyandmentally

B、arehighlyproductivemembersofsociety

C>torturethemselvesphysically

D、bothAandB

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。作者在第二段指出对于workaholics,人们有两种不同的观

点。一种观点认为workaholicsabuseth