大学英语四级专项阅读训练题

高校英语四级专项阅读训练题

PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)

Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Each

passageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinished

statements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoices

markedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebest

choiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronthe

AnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

PassageOne

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowing

passage.

Designofallthenewtoolsandimplementsis

basedoncarefulexperimentswithelectronic

instruments.First,ahuman“guineapig"istestedusing

aregulartool.Measurementsaretakenoftheamount

ofworkdone,andthebuildupofheatinthebody.

Twistedjointsandstretchedmusclescannotperform

aswell,ithasbeenfound,asjointsandmusclesintheir

normalpositions.Thesamepersonisthentestedagain,

usingatooldesignedaccordingtothesuggestions

madebyDr.Tichauer.Allthesetestshaveshownthe

greatimprovementofthenewdesignsovertheold.

OneoftheelectronicinstrumentsusedbyDr.

Tichauer,themyograph（肌动记器），makesvisible

throughelectricalsignalstheworkdonebyhuman

muscle.

Anothermachinemeasuresanydangerous

featuresoftools,thusprovinginformationuponwhich

tobaseanewdesign.Oneconclusionoftestsmade

withthismachineisthatatripodstepladderismore

stableandsafertousethanonewithfourlegs.

Thisworkhasattractedtheattentionofefficiency

expertsandtime-and-motion-studyengineer,butits

valuegoesfarbeyondthat.Dr.Tichauer^sfirstthought

isforthehealthofthetooluser.Withtherepeateduse

ofthesametoolalldaylongonproductionlinesandin

otherjobs,evenlightmanualworkcanputaheavy

stressononesmallareaofthebody.Intime,such

stresscancauseadisablingdisease.Furthermore,

musclefatigueisaserioussafetyhazard.

Efficiencyistheby-productofcomfort,Dr.

Tichauerbelieves,andhisnewdesignsfortraditional

toolshaveprovedhispoint.

21.Whatareinvolvedinthedesignofanewtool

accordingtothepassage?

A)Electronicinstrumentsandaregulartool.

B)Ahuman“guineapig"andaregulartool.

C)Electronicinstrumentsandahuman“guinea

Pig”.

D)Electronicinstruments,ahuman“guineapig”

andaregulartool.

22.Fromthepassageweknowthatjointsand

musclesperformbestwhen.

A)theyaretwistedandstretched

B)theyareintheirnormalpositions

C)theyaretestedwithahuman“guineapig”

D)theyaretestedwithelectronicinstruments

23.A"myograph"(Para・2,Line1)isanelectronic

instrumentthat.

A)isabletodesignnewtools

Evenworse,anumberofpeoplewhohavedonethis

andbeencaughtatithavemanagedtogetaway

withoutpunishment.

Itseasyforcomputercrimestogoundetectedif

noonechecksuponwhatthecomputerisdoing.But

evenifthecrimeisdetected,thecriminalmaywalk

awaynotonlyunpunishedbutwithaglowing

recommendationfromhisformeremployers.

Ofcourse,wehavenostatisticsoncrimesthatgo

undetected.Butit'sdisturbingtonotehowmanyof

thecrimeswedoknowaboutweredetectedby

accident,notbysystematicinspectionsorother

securityprocedures.Thecomputercriminalswhohave

beencaughtmayhavebeenthevictimsof

uncommonlybadluck.

Unlikeotherlawbreakers,whomustleavethe

country,commitsuicide,orgotojail,computer

criminalssometimesescapepunishment,demanding

notonlythattheynotbechargedbutthattheybe

givengoodrecommendationsandperhapsother

benefits.Alltoooften,theirdemandshavebeenmet.

Why?Becausecompanyexecutivesareafraidof

thebadpublicitythatwouldresultifthepublicfound

outthattheircomputerhadbeenmisused.They

hesitateatthethoughtofacriminalboastinginopen

courtofhowhejuggled(诈骗)themostconfidential

(保密)recordsrightunderthenosesofthecompany's

executives,accountants,andsecuritystaff.Andso

anothercomputercriminaldepartswithjustthe

recommendationsheneedstocontinuehiscrimes

elsewhere.

26.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat

A)itisstillimpossibletodetectcomputercrimes

today

B)peoplecommitcomputercrimesattherequest

oftheircompany

C)computercriminalsescapepunishmentbecause

theycan'tbedetected

D)computercrimesarethemostseriousproblem

intheoperationoffinancialinstitutions

27.Itisimpliedinthethirdparagraphthat

A)mostcomputercriminalswhoarecaughtblame

theirbadluck

B)therapidincreaseofcomputercrimesisa

troublesomeproblem

C)mostcomputercriminalsaresmartenoughto

coveruptheircrimes

D)manymorecomputercrimesgoundetected

thatarediscovered

28.Whichofthefollowingstatementsis

mentionedinthepassage?

A)Astrictlawagainstcomputercrimesmustbe

enforced

B)Companiesusuallyhesitatetouncover

computercrimestoprotecttheirreputation

C)Companieswillguardagainstcomputercrimes

toprotecttheirreputation

D)Companiesneedtoimposerestrictionson

confidentialinformation

29.Whatmayhappentocomputercriminalsonce

theyarecaught?

A)Withabadreputationtheycanhardlyfind

anotherjob.

B)Theymaywalkawayandeasilyfindanother

job.

C)Theywillbedeniedaccesstoconfidential

records

D)Theymustleavethecountrytogotojail.

30.Thepassageismainlyabout

A)whycomputercriminalsareoftenableto

escapepunishment

B)whycomputercrimesaredifficulttodetectby

systematicinspections

C)howcomputercriminalsmangetogetgood

recommendationsfromtheirformeremployers

D)whycomputercrimescan/tbeeliminated

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowing

passage.

Inafamilywheretherolesofmenandwomenare

notsharplyseparatedandwheremanyhousehold

tasksaresharedtoagreaterorlesserextent,notions

ofmalesuperiorityarehardtomaintain.Thepattern

ofsharingintasksandindecisionmakesforequality

andthisinturnleadstofurthersharing.Insuchahome,

thegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptequalitymore

easilythandidtheirparentsandtopreparemorefully

forparticipationinaworldcharacterizedby

cooperationratherthanbythe“battleofthesexes”.

Iftheprocessgoestoofarandman/sroleis

regardedaslessimportant-andthathashappenedin

somecases-weareasbadlyoffasbefore,onlyin

reverse.

Itistimetoreassesstheroleofthemaninthe

Americanfamily.Wearegettingalittletiredof

“Momism”-butwedon'twanttoexchangeitfora

“neo-Popism”・Whatweneed,rather,isthe

recognitionthatbringingupchildreninvolvesa

partnershipofequals.Therearesignsthatpsychiatrists,

psychologists,socialworkers,andspecialistsonthe

familyarebecomingmoreawareofthepartmenplay

andthattheyhavedecidedthatwomenshouldnot

receiveallthecredit-northeblame.Wehavealmost

givenupsayingthatawoman'splaceisinthehome.

Wearebeginning,however,toanalyseman'splacein

thehomeandtoinsistthathedoeshaveaplaceinit.

Noristhatplaceirrelevanttothehealthydevelopment

ofthechild.

Thefamilyisaco-operativeenterpriseforwhichit

isdifficulttolaydownrules,becauseeachfamilyneeds

toworkoutitsownwaysforsolvingitsownproblems.

Excessiveauthoritarianism(吩咐主义)hasunhappy

consequences,whetheritwearsskirtsortrousers,and

theidealofequalrightsandequalresponsibilitiesis

pertinent(相关的.，切题的)notonlytoahealthy

democracy,butalsotoahealthyfamily.

31.Theidealofequalrightsandequal

responsibilitiesis.

A)fundamentaltoasounddemocracy

B)notpertinenttohealthyfamilylife

C)responsibleforMomism

D)whatwehavealmostgivenup

32.Thedangerinthesharingofhouseholdtasks

bythemotherandthefatheristhat.

A)theroleofthefathermaybecomeaninferior

one*

B)theroleofthemothermaybecomeaninferior

one

C)C)thechildrenwillgrowupbelievingthatlifeis

abattleofsexes

D)sharingleadstoconstantarguing

33.Theauthorstatesthatbringingupchildren

A)ismainlythemother/sjob

B)belongsamongthedutiesofthefather

C)isthejobofschoolsandchurches

D)involvesapartnershipofequals

34.Accordingtotheauthor,thefather'srolein

thehomeis.

A)minorbecauseheisanineffectualparent

B)irrelevanttothehealthydevelopmentofthe

child

C)pertinenttothehealthydevelopmentofthe

child

D)identicaltotheroleofthechild'smother

35.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswould

theauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

A)Ahealthy,co-operativefamilyisabasic

ingredientofahealthysociety.

B)Menarebasicallyopposedtosharing

householdchores.

C)Divisionofhouseholdresponsibilitiesis

workableonlyintheory.

D）Awoman/splaceinthehome-nowasalways.

Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowing

passage:

Teachingchildrentoreadwellfromthestartisthe

mostimportanttaskofelementaryschools.Butrelying

oneducatorstoapproachthistaskcorrectlycanbea

greatmistake.Manyschoolscontinuetoemploy

instructionalmethodsthathavebeenproven

ineffective.Thestayingpowerofthe”look-say”or

“whole-word“methodofteachingbeginningreadingis

perhapsthemostflagrantexampleofthisfailureto

instructeffectively.

Thewhole-wordapproachtoreadingstressesthe

meaningofwordsoverthemeaningofletters,thinking

overdecoding,developingasightvocabularyof

familiarwordsoverdevelopingtheabilitytounlockthe

pronunciationofunfamiliarwords.Itfitsinwiththe

self-directed,"learninghowtolearn“activities

recommendedbyadvocates（提倡者）of"open"

classroomsandwiththeconceptthatchildrenhaveto

bedevelopmentallyreadytobeginreading.Before

1963,nomajorpublisherputoutanythingbutthese

“Run・Spot-Run"readers.

However,in1955,RudolfFleschtouchedoffwhat

hasbeencalled“thegreatdebate"inbeginning

reading.Inhisbest-sellerWhyJohnnyCan'tRead,

Fleschindicted（控诉）thenation'spublicschoolsfor

miseducatingstudentsbyusingthelook-saymethod.

Hesaid-andmorescholarlystudiesbyJeaneChalland

RovertDykstralaterconfirmed-thatanother

approachtobeginningreading,foundedonphonics（语

音学）,isfarsuperior.

Systematicphonicsfirstteacherschildrento

associatelettersandlettercombinationswithsounds;

itthenteachesthemhowtoblendthesesounds

togethertomakewords.Ratherthanbuildingupa

relativelylimitedvocabularyofmemorizedwords,it

impartsacodebywhichthepronunciationsofthevast

majorityofthemostcommonwordsintheEnglish

languagecanbelearned.Phonicsdoesnotdevaluethe

importanceofthinkingaboutthemeaningofwords

andsentences;itsimplyrecognizesthatdecodingisthe

l