选择性必修第二册Unit1Science and Scientists（词汇短语句式）学生版

UnitlScienceandScientists

词汇

1.frustratedadj.懊恼的；沮丧的—frustratingadj.令人沮丧的—frustratevt.使懊丧/沮丧一frustrationn.懊恼

2.infeclionn.感染；传染-infectvl.使感染；传染-infectiousadj.感染的

3.proofn.证据；证明；检验一＞provcvt.证明linkv.证明是

4.multipleadj.数量多的；多种多样的—*multiplyvi.&vt.乘;繁殖

5.interventionn.介入：出面；二涉—intervenevt.干扰：介入

6.pureadj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的—purelyadv.完全地；纯粹地—purifyvt.净化：使...洁净—purityn.洁净，

纯净；纯洁，清白

7.substantialadj.大量的：价值巨大的；重大的—substancen.物质；物品；事实根据

8.findingn.发现；调查结果；（法律）判决一＞find（found,fcund）vt.发现

9.initialadj.最初的；开始的；第一的—initiallyadv.起初；最初

1（）.mechanicaladj.机械的；发动机的；机器的一^mechanicn.机械师；机械修理工

11.defendvi.保R；防守；辩解—de能nse/defencen.防御；保卫—defensiveadj.防御的，戒备的；生气的;

12.assistantn.助理；助手一assistvt.帮助；协助—assistancen.帮助；协助：援助

13.leadershipn.领导；领导地位；领导才能一leadern.领导-deadv.引路；引领；导致

14.giftedadj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的—giftn.礼物；天赋

15.contradictoryadj.相矛盾的;引起抵触的—contradictionn.矛盾，不一，致；反驳，驳斥—contradictv.反驳，

否认；相矛盾；

16.Iransformv.使改变;使变形;使改观一transformationn.（彻底或重大的）改观，变化，转变

17.faultn.过失;过错;缺陷;故障—faultyadj.有错误的；有缺陷的—faultlessadj无错误的;完美无缺的

18.astronomyn.[U]天文学—astronomern.[C]天文学家—astronautn.宇航员

19.severeadj严重的；严厉的；严峻的—severelyadv严重地;严厉地

20.steadyadj.稳定的;稳固的;持续的—steadilyadv稳定地;持续地—unsteadyadj.不稳定的

21."31^^.光辉灿烂的；卓越的;杰出的;—*1）日出@1111丫@＜1丫辉煌地;灿烂地;卓越地

22.vividadj.鲜艳的;鲜明的—vividlyadv.生动地

23.thinkv.认为；思考Thinking〃.思想；思维；见解-Hhoughln.想法;思考；思想

24.findu.发现一＞finding共发现;调查结果；（法律）判决

短语

i.onceandtorall最终地；彻底地

2.ingeneral总的来说

3.subscribeto同意；赞同

4.thanksto幸亏；由于

5.dealwith处理：应对；涉及；与……打交道

6.dependon/upon依靠；信赖：取决于

7.carryout履行；执行

8.calmdown平静下来

9.breakout突然开始；爆发

10.inchargeof主管；掌管

11.comedown患（病）；染上（小病）

12.aboveall最重要的是；尤其是

句式

1.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.

2.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelylogetcholera【hanihosewhodrankpureorboiled

water.

3.DescribedbytheauthorsoftheStoryofQianXuesenasamanwith“greatscientificthoughtandscientificspirit''

whowaspatrioticandservedhishomelandwitheffort,achievement,anddevotion.Qianwasanextremely

well-respectedman.

4.BominHangzhouin1911,QianattendedschoolsinBeijingandihcnenteredShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityto

studyRailwayMechanicalEngineering.

5.Whenasked“CanweChinesepossiblymakemissiles?”,hisreplywasadetermined"Whynot?”

6.UnderQian'sleadership,ChinadevelopedtheDongfengmissiles,followedbythefirstgenerationofLangMarch

Rockedts.

7.However,whatmighthavemade」imsuchanoutstandingandcreativescientistwasprobablyhisstronginterest

inetherthings,suchasmusicanddrawing.

8.Mostpeoplearcfamiliarwithimagesofhiminhiswheelchair,unabletomoveandusingacomputertotalk.

9.Besidesbeingbrilliant,hewasbrave,thoughsometimescarelessinwhaihesaidordid.

10.Hewaswillingtosaywhatotherswereafraidtosay,andtodreamofwhatotherswereafraidtodreamabout.

教材话题题型综合训练

词性转换（一）

1.qualifyvt.：vi.（使）具备资格；（使）合格-n.（通过考试或学习课程取得的）资格；学

历

2.ambitiousadj.有,野心的；有雄心的tn.追求的目标；夙愿；野心；抱负

3.adaptv.（使）适应；改编―n.适应；改编本

4.comfortn.安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸vt.安慰；抚慰一adj.舒适的；

舒服的-adj.不舒服的；不安的-adv.舒服地；舒适地

5.pariicipaievi.参力口；参与tn.参加者；参与者一＞n.参力口；参与

6.engagevi.参加：参与（活动）vt.吸引（注意力、兴趣）；雇用一＞adj.忙于；从事于；己订婚

的—n.订婚：约定

7.motivatevt.成为...的动机；激发；激励一＞adj.积极的；主动的1n.

动力；积极性；动机

8.expectvt.期望；盼望一n.期望；预期；期待一adj.始料不及的

9.applyvi.涂；敷；搽；运用vi.申请：请求；（对...）适用一n.申请—n.

申请人

10.exposevt.使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于（险境）一n.接触；体脸；暴露；揭露

词性转换（二）

II.severe^.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的-adv.严重地；严格地，严厉地

12.infection〃.感染；传染一＞%使感染；传染一＞〃力’.传染性的；感染的（尤指通过呼

吸）

13.pureadj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的—v.净化

14.tiansfuun”使改观：使改变形态vi.改变；转变一〃.变化；转变；变换

15.thinking〃.思想；思维：见解—v.认为：思考

16.finding/L发现；调查结果；（法律）判决-v.发现-几发现者

17.mechanical机械的；发动机的；机器的一儿机械师；机械修理工

18.defends保卫；防守；辩解一儿防护；辩护

19.assistantn.助理；助手adj.助理的；副的—v.帮助；协助；援助tn.帮助；协助；

支挣

20.gifted”靖.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的一礼物；天赋

21.steadya#.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的-adv.平稳地；持续地

22.vividadj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的一＞adv.生动地

词性转换（三）

23.adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的一＞adv.生动地；鲜明地；丰富地

24.adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的-v.使懊丧；使懊恼；使沮丧一n.懊丧；

懊恼；沮丧

25.adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的―n.（事实、看法、行动等的）不一致，矛盾

-v.反驳；驳斥；批驳

26.n.思想；思维；见解-v.考虑；认为-n.思想家

27.n.发现；调查结果：（法律）判决一＞v.找到；发现

28.n.感染：传染―vt.使感染：传染tadj.传染性的tadj.受感

染的

29.n.介入；出面；干涉一＞v.出面；介入；插嘴

30.adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的一n.机械师；机械修理工一n.机器；设

备

31.adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的-adv.稳定地；平稳地；稳步地-＞（反）adj.

不稳定的；不平稳的；不稳步的

32.n.领导；领导地位；领导才能一n.领导-leadv.引路；引领；领先tadj.

领先的；前列的

词性转换（四）

33.illustratevt.说明；解释；加插图—n.说明；插图；—adj.有插图的

34.surroundvl.围绕；环绕1adj.周围的；附近的—►n.环境-besurrounded

被…环绕；包围一...surroundings在...环境中

35.intelligentadj.有才智的tn.智力；情报工作

36.favourvt.较喜欢n帮助一►adj.赞同的；有利的tadj特别受喜爱的—in

favor赞成；支持一＞dosb.favor帮某人的忙

37.chargevtvi充电；收费;控告；谴责一charge...…因...向....收费-chargesb___

doingsth控告某人做某事―chargeofsth主管；负责

38.elecincadj.电的：发电的in.电力；电流

39.involvevt.包含；牵涉；影响—adj.参与；有关联—n.参与；投入一>bc

in参与...—>involvesth需要做某事

40.scientificadj科学的，关于科学的—>n.科学一>n.科学家

41.creditn.认可，赞扬—givesb.credit为...而称赞某人—>one'scredit值得赞

扬的是

42.ignorancen.无知—vt.忽视；不理睬—adj.无知的

43.permitv;vi允许；准许;n.准可证一n.允许，许可-weather如果

天气允许的话一permission未经允许

44.responsibilityn.责任；负责—adj.负责的―adj.不负责的—asense

responsibility责任感-*beresponsible为...负责

45.declarevt.宣布；公布一►n.宣告；公告Tdeclarewar___________宣战-'declare

声明支持/反对

46.put提出，提议，建议—put___________将...收起—put熄灭，扑灭—put

up容忍，忍受-put穿上，戴上，上演-put提升，张贴，搭建

完成句子

47.We（iJlMJ）thePeople'sDailyeveryyear.

48.Thafs（我们工作需要的）.

49.（这就是为什么）I'mworkingatthesupermarkettoearnmoneyfbrcollege.

50.Thafs（我最担心的）.

51.I'm（掌管）training,cr,that'sbothfbrnewemployeesandfbremployeeswhohavealreadybeenhere

forawhile.

52.Ineedtohaveitoutwithher_________________________________________（彻底地）.（once）

53.WhenIwasalittleboy,（hedinnerontheeveofSpringFestivalwas（我最期待的）.

54.Iwasastonishedtolieaithatanewepidemic（爆发）lastNoveinbei.

55.WhenwalkingdowntheStreet,IDavid,whomIhadn'tseenfbryears.（come的相关短

语）

56.Peoplewhowerethosewhoweredeterminedandperseverant.（

57.Forsomepeople,theabilitytoachievesomething（与...紧密相关）theirattitudes.

58.StephenHawking（同意）thebigbangtheoryfromthebeginning.

翻译

59.没有证据表明这个苹果砸在了他的头上。

60.事实就是我们队已经赢得了比赛。（表语从句）

61.在所有的菜看中，火锅绝对是最吸引我的。

62.互联网最大的好处之一是能够消除距离感。

63.他们成功地将公司转变为一家全球性公司。

阅读理解

Adecadeago.GrenovafounderAliSafaviwasanundergraduatestudentworkinginalifescienceslab.He

wasstruckbytheobservationthateachtimeaplasticpipette（I吸管）wasused,it'dbethrowninthetrash.However,

asSafavirealized,thispracticeiswasteful,bothfinanciallyandenvironmentally.throwawayallplastic

afteroneuse,“hesays."Isawwecouldn'tcarryonlikethis,especiallyastheindustrycontinuestogrow.”

Safavifiguredtherewasabetterwaytoaddresstheissue.Hisgoalwastoinventamachinetowashpipettes

sothoroughlythatthey'dbeasgoodasnew.In2012,hecomplctecamaster'sdegreeatDukeUniversity,andin

2013,hesecuredaninitialinvestorforhisproject.Midwaythrough2014,hehadhisfirstprototypef原型机）,and

by2015,thefirstmachinewasonthemarket.Safavi^Richmond-basedbusinesswasopen,withamissionto

reduceconsumableplasticwaste.

Hehastenpatentsonhistechnology,includingtwomachinesmarketedastheTipNovusand（heTipLumis.

“T上einventiondoesn'tjusthelptheenvironmentbutalsocutsdowncostsfbrtestinglabs,“Safaviexplains.t4Ifyou

maketheinitialpurchase,there'sasignificantlong-teimcostreduction,becauseyouneedn'tkeepbuyingnew

pipciics.”

Besidesprovidingsolutionsformoretypesofplastic,Safavisayshefeelsgoodtocreatejobs,especiallyin

theRichmondarea."Ididn'tknowmuchaboutRichmonduntiltheinvestorcontactedme,andshetoldmeIhadto

comeseeit,“hesays."Ifellinlovewiththecity—auniversityinthemiddleoftown,theriverpassingthrough,

thehistoricaldistricts,（hecultureandthepeople.Ithasthefeelofabigcity,withoutthecostsortrafficyousee

elsewhere.^^

64.WhaimadeAllSatavigeltheideaotlaunchinghisproject?

A.Thegrowthoftheindustry.B.Themisuseofplasticpipettes.

C.Hisresearchintolifesciences.D.Hiswitnessinglabplasticwaste.

65.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“address”inparagraph2mean?

A.Solve.B.Stress.C.Explain.D.Predict.

66.WhatisAliSafavimainlytalkingaboutinparagraph3?

A.Thepurposesofhisproject.B.Hiseco-friendlyinvention.

C.Thesignificanceofhisinvention.D.Thedevelopmentofthetechnology.

67.WhichofthefollowingisthebenefitbroughttoRichmondbySafavi'sproject?

A.Morecompaniesarebuilt.B.Morepeopleareemployed.

C.Theenvironmentiscleaner.D.Theacademicatmosphereisbelle匚

七选五

Forindividualswithhearingloss,listeningtoconversationsinnoisyenvironmentscanbeparticularly

challenging.Unfortunately,traditionalhearingaidsadoptat4one-size-fits-air,approachtoprocessingsounds,

regardlessofthelisteningneedsofindividualusers.68Usersmayalsoexperiencealackofsound

clarity（清楚）anddonotwanttoengageinconversationswithothers.

GoodnewsisthatahearingaidcompanynamedOticonistakinganimportantsteptosolvethisNo.1

challengeforpeoplewithhearingloss—hearingspeechinnoise.Withnew4DSensortechnology,OticonIntent,a

newdevice,iscapableofunderstandingtheusers'listeningintentions.69Inthisway.itisableto

delivertrulypersonalisedsupport.Butthetrueheroinsoundprocessingisthebrain,asitisconstantlyworkingto

makesenseofsound.Olicon'snewtechnologyprovidesthebrainwithaccesstothefullsoundenvironment.

70Inconversation,userstendtokeeptheirheadsstilltoengagewithasingleperson.Orthey

movetheirheadsinagroupconversationtoengagewithdifferentpeople.Whenstrugglingtohearwhatsomeoneis

saying,usersarelikelytolean（倾斜）intolisten.ThetechnologyinOticonIntentunderstandsandadaptstothe

uscilliiouglisensorsihalmunilorlicitdandbudyinovciiiciiLs.Ilhelpsusersmovebeyundjustiiuaringandlistening.

7].

ThomasBehrens,VicePresidentofthecompany,said,“Thissmalldevicehasupto20hoursofbatterylife.

72Whenthedevicerequiresarecharge,userscansimplyplaceitinto（hechargerforjust30minutesto

obtainupto8hoursofbattery

A.Thus,itisabletopreventmemoryloss.

B.Itcanrecognisewhatpeoplewantandneed（olisten（o.

C.Moreover,ithelpsthemcommunicateandfullyengageinlife.

D.Thismaymakelisteningandengagingwithothersmoredifficult.

E.Thatmeansuserswillneverhavetoworryaboulrunningoutofbattery.

F.Takeasteptowardsbetterhearingbycontactingyournearesthearingcareprofessional.

G.People'scommunicationbehaviourreflectstheirlisteningintentionsviaheadandbodymovements.

完形填空

AlexanderGrahamBellhatedspendingsummertimeinWashington,DC.Heusually73tohis

farminNovaScotia,butoneyearhehadtostayinthecapital.

“Whyhumanshave74howtowarmahousebutnothowtocoolone—untilnow,“hewondered,

andin1872,he75acold-air-producingdeviceandbroughtthetemperatureinhisroomdownto21℃.

When69-year-oldBelltoldthat76inaspeechtothe1917graduatingclassofMcKinleyManual

TrainingSchool,thestudentswent77.Theclappinglastedsolongthathewas78tosay

somethingmoresurprising.

“Couldpostagestampsbeusedin79ofpersons?”askedBell,whohadthoughtof80a

lowpriceforpublictransport,butthecostofbuildingadditionalroadswastoohigh."Perhaps,theflyingmachine

willbethe81

Inthespeech,Bellalso82onacenturyofprogressandlookedaheadwithremarkableforesight.

Inthereflection,hewasamazedbythe83madeinthepastcentury:Gaslightinghadevolvedinto

electricbulbsandautomobiles84horse-drawnvehicles.Hethenwentonto85the

commercialairplane,solarpanels,andthe86fbrrenewableresources.

GilbertGrosvenor,theeditorofNationalGeographicmagazine,askedfbrthe87andpublisheda

revisedversionintheFebruaiyissue.Now,morethanonehundredyearslater,Bell'spredictionsstillremain

prescient（预见性的）.

73.A.wandeicdB.escapedC.IlcwD.applied

74.A.agreedonB.insistedonC.figuredoutD.ruledout

75.A.designedB.boughtC.sawD.borrowed

76.A.accidentB.lossC.problemD.story

77.A.wildB.hungryC.disappointedD.silent

78.A.allowedB.forcedC.paidD.chosen

79.A.iavorB.memoryC.transportationD.case

80.A.cuttingB.raisingC.avoidingD.charging

81.A.pollutionB.solutionC.discoveryD.issue

82.A.reliedB.switchedC.reflectedD.called

83.A.profitsB.advancesC.materialsD.failures

84.A.replacedB.destroyedC.attackedD.missed

85.A.sellB.rentC.inventD.predict

86.A.deadlineB.competitionC.needD.balance

87.A.textB.bookC.contractD.interview

单句语法填空

88.Kalancalledhis.________(assist),Hashim,totakeoverhisworkwhilehewentout.

89.(infect)withtherecentflufortwoweeks,Iamnowfullyrecoveredwiththehelpofthis

medicine.

90.Theassistantsteppedbackappearingfrightenedandputupherhandsasifdefence.Sheseemedto

defendherselfbeinginjured.

91.Ioftengotinthisjebandtheconstantalmostmademequitthejob.(frustrate)

92.Heisapianistandhehasagreatforplayingthepiano,(gift)

93.Inreality,themechanicmadeaseveremistake,(shift)nervouslyfromonefoottoanother.

94.Ifnot(handle)properly,medicalwastefromhospitalsmaycontributetospreadingdiseases.

95.Manypeoplefelthewouldbehostiletotheideaofforeign(intervene).

96.Helooksasifhe(know)everythingintheworld.

97.Myideaisthatwc(get)morepeopletoattendtheconference.

98.Exactlywhichbacteriacausethe(infect)isstillunknown.

99.Theevidencedemonstrateshov/easilypeoplecanholdmutually(contradict)beliefs.

100.Guveinnieiil(inieivene)toregul